scholarly journals Motor Vehicle Fatalities during Memorial Day Weekends, 1981-2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuni Tang ◽  
Kendra L Ratnapradipa ◽  
Henry Xiang ◽  
Motao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Fatality Risk ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Objective: Our aims were to determine which day(s) during the holiday had highest motor vehicle fatality risk compared to non-holiday travel and to identify potential risk factors. Results: Of 43,457 traffic fatalities studied, 15,292 (35%) occurred during the holiday, with Saturday being deadliest but Monday having highest odds. Both sexes, all years, age <65, drivers and passengers, rural and urban, and all regions in the United States were at increased risk during the holiday versus non-holiday periods.

scholarly journals Motor Vehicle Fatalities during Memorial Day Weekends, 1981-2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuni Tang ◽  
Kendra L Ratnapradipa ◽  
Henry Xiang ◽  
Motao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Injury Death ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Objective: Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of injury death in the United States, and Memorial Day weekend is one of six holiday periods with an increased number of motor vehicle fatalities in the United States. However, few motor vehicle fatality comparisons were made between Memorial Day weekend and non-holiday periods. Our aims were to determine which day(s) during the holiday had highest motor vehicle fatality risk compared to non-holiday travel and to identify potential risk factors. Results: Of 43,457 traffic fatalities studied, 15,292 (35%) occurred during the holiday, with Saturday being deadliest but Monday having highest odds. Both sexes, all years, age <65, drivers and passengers, rural and urban, and all regions in the United States were at increased risk during the holiday versus non-holiday periods.

scholarly journals Motor Vehicle Fatalities during Memorial Day Weekends, 1981-2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuni Tang ◽  
Kendra L Ratnapradipa ◽  
Henry Xiang ◽  
Motao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Injury Death ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Objective: Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of injury death in the United States, and Memorial Day weekend is one of six holiday periods with an increased number of motor vehicle fatalities in the United States. However, few motor vehicle fatality comparisons were made between Memorial Day weekend and non-holiday periods. Our aims were to determine which day(s) during the holiday had highest motor vehicle fatality risk compared to non-holiday travel and to identify potential risk factors. Results: Of 43,457 traffic fatalities studied, 15,292 (35%) occurred during the holiday, with Saturday being deadliest but Monday having highest odds. Both sexes, all years, age <65, drivers and passengers, rural and urban, and all regions in the United States were at increased risk during the holiday versus non-holiday periods.

scholarly journals Motor vehicle fatalities during Memorial Day weekends, 1981–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuni Tang ◽  
Kendra L. Ratnapradipa ◽  
Henry Xiang ◽  
Motao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Injury Death ◽  
Traffic Fatality ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Objective Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of injury death in the United States, and Memorial Day weekend is one of six holiday periods with an increased number of motor vehicle fatalities in the United States. However, few motor vehicle fatality comparisons were made between Memorial Day weekend and non-holiday periods. Our aims were to determine which day(s) during the holiday had highest motor vehicle fatality risk compared to non-holiday travel and to identify potential risk factors. Results Of 43,457 traffic fatalities studied, 15,292 (35%) occurred during the holiday, with Saturday being deadliest but Monday having highest odds of traffic fatality. Both sexes, all years, age < 65, drivers and passengers, rural and urban, and all regions in the United States were at increased risk during the holiday versus non-holiday periods.

scholarly journals Correlation between Potential Risk Factors and Pulmonary Embolism in Sarcoidosis Patients Timely Treated

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2462
Author(s):  
Barbara Ruaro ◽  
Paola Confalonieri ◽  
Mario Santagiuliana ◽  
Barbara Wade ◽  
Elisa Baratella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibody ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Background. Some studies with inconclusive results have reported a link between sarcoidosis and an increased risk of pulmonary embolism (PE). This study aimed at assessing a possible correlation between potential risk factors and PE in sarcoidosis patients. Methods. A total of 256 sarcoidosis patients (84 males and 172 females; mean age at diagnosis 49 ± 13) were enrolled after giving written informed consent. Clinical evaluations, laboratory and radiology tests were performed to evaluate the presence of pulmonary embolism. Results. Fifteen sarcoidosis patients with PE (4 males and 11 females; mean age at diagnosis 50 ± 11), diagnosed by lung scintigraphy and 241 sarcoidosis patients without PE (80 males and 161 females; mean age at diagnosis 47 ± 13), were observed. There was a statistically significant increase of the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in the sarcoidosis group with pulmonary embolism. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups as to smoking habit, obesity or hereditary thrombophilia frequency (p > 0.05, respectively). Conclusions. This study demonstrates a significant correlation between the presence of antiphospholipid antibody positivity and the pulmonary embolism events in our sarcoidosis patients. Furthermore, we propose screening for these antibodies and monitoring, aimed at timely treatment.

scholarly journals 1342. TOSCANA: The Observational Seroepidemiologic Study of COVID-19 at the United States Naval Academy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S758-S759
Author(s):  
Eugene Millar ◽  
Eric Laing ◽  
Adam Saperstein ◽  
Jitu Modi ◽  
Christopher Heaney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Naval Academy ◽  
United States Naval Academy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Seroepidemiologic Study

Abstract Background University students, including those at military service academies, are at increased risk of acute respiratory infection (ARI), including SAR-CoV-2, due to crowded living conditions, frequent social interaction and other factors that facilitate pathogen transmission. Unlike many universities, the United States Naval Academy (USNA) continued in-person instruction in Fall 2020 in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Observational Seroepidemiologic Study of COVID-19 at the United States Naval Academy (TOSCANA,) a longitudinal cohort characterizes the burden and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 in USNA midshipmen. Methods Midshipmen were enrolled August- October 2020. Participants were queried about their ARI risk factors, COVID-19 history, and recent receipt of medical care for any ARI at enrollment, in December 2020 and again in May 2021. Subjects were also asked to provide blood and saliva samples to assess their SARS-CoV-2 serostatus at the same three timepoints. A saliva sample was collected by a subset of subjects in February 2021. Presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 serum IgG in dried blood spots and saliva was measured by multiplex magnetic microparticle-based immunoassays. Results 181 midshipmen consented to the study and completed the baseline survey (Table 1). 17 (17.5%) of the 97 subjects who submitted baseline blood sample were SARS-CoV-2 seropositive. Only 4 (24%) positive individuals reported having been tested for or diagnosed with COVID-19 prior to arrival at USNA. 121 participants completed the midyear survey, of whom 61 (50%) submitted a blood sample. 16 (26%) of the midyear specimens were SARS-CoV-2 positive. Of these, 3 were new infections. 73 subjects completed the May survey, and 63 (100%) of the submitted blood samples were positive. 83 subjects provided baseline saliva samples, and ~55 submitted saliva at each successive time point. 1 (5%) was positive at enrollment, 9 (17%) were positive at midyear and 47 (96%) were positive in May. Table 1. Key characteristics of TOSCANA participants Conclusion SAR-CoV-2 prevalence in a sample of USNA midshipmen was &lt; 20% at enrollment. A small proportion of subjects seroconverted between the September and December visits. SARS-CoV-2 positivity rose in May, following a COVID-19 outbreak in February and COVID-19 vaccination efforts in March at USNA. Disclosures Jitu Modi, MD, GSK (Speaker’s Bureau)

scholarly journals Incidence and Survival Changes in Patients with Esophageal Adenocarcinoma during 1984–2013

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Haiyu ◽  
Pei Xiaofeng ◽  
Mo Xiangqiong ◽  
Qiu Junlan ◽  
Zheng Xiaobin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Esophageal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Purpose. The morbidity of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has significantly increased in Western countries. We aimed to identify trends in incidence and survival in patients with EAC in the recent 30 years and then analyzed potential risk factors, including race, sex, age, and socioeconomic status (SES). Methods. All data were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results or SEER database. Kaplan–Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model were conducted to compare the differences in survival between variables, including sex, race, age, and SES, as well as to evaluate the association of these factors with prognosis. Results. A total of 16,474 patients with EAC were identified from 1984 to 2013 in the United States. Overall incidence increased every 10 years from 1.8 to 3.1 to 3.9 per 100. Overall survival gradually improved (p<0.0001), which was evident in male patients ((hazard ratio (HR) = 1.111; 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.07, 1.15)); however, the 5-year survival rate remained low (20.1%). The Cox proportional hazards model identified old age, black ethnicity, and medium/high poverty as risk factors for EAC (HR = 1.018; 95% CI (1.017, 1.019; HR = 1.240, 95% CI (1.151,1.336), HR = 1.000, 95% CI (1.000, 1.000); respectively). Conclusions. The incidence of EAC in the United States increased over time. Survival advantage was observed in white patients and patients in the low-poverty group. Sex was an independent prognostic factor for EAC, but this finding has to be confirmed by further research.

scholarly journals P626 SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S564-S564
Author(s):  
S García Mateo ◽  
S J Martínez-Domínguez ◽  
M C Aso Gonzalvo ◽  
C J Gargallo-Puyuelo ◽  
B Gallego Llera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Biologic Agents ◽  
World Health ◽  
Indeterminate Colitis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) suffer from a chronic illness and many of them need immunosuppressive therapy throughout the course of the disease. Consequently, COVID-19 pandemic has caused uncertainty about the possible increased risk of suffering SARS-CoV-2 infection that could confer IBD or its treatments. The aim of this study is to assess SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in patients with IBD as well as the existence of potential risk factors for its development. Methods This is a unicentric cross-sectional study developed in IBD unit of University Hospital “Lozano Blesa” of Zaragoza. Patients older than 18 years with established diagnosis of Crohn′s Disease (CD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC) or Indeterminate Colitis (IC) have been included. A blood sample has been drawn from each patient to detect IgG against SARS-CoV-2 (ELISA method) and each patient has completed a questionnaire to know symptoms related to infection and previous comorbidity. We have performed a descriptive analysis and a univariate analysis to study relationship between potential risk factors and seroconversion against SARS-CoV-2. Results 431 patients have been included, with a mean age of 50.2 ± 14.1 years and a 51.3% of women. Of them, 49.7% suffer from UC, 49.2% CD and 1.2% IC. Related to the treatment, 23.5% receive anti-TNF biologic agents, 13.1% other kind of biologic agents, 9.3% immunomodulators, 7.7% combined treatment (biologic agent and immunomodulator), 33.1% other treatment and 13.3% no treatment. According to World Health Organization (WHO) definitions, 85.6% had not suffered the infection, 7.7% were confirmed cases (only 3 admitted patients) and 6.7% were probable cases. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 obtained is 8.8%, being significantly higher among confirmed cases than among probable cases (71.0% in confirmed vs 6.9% in probable; RR 10.3; p&lt;0.001). A higher risk of seroconversion has been detected among patients without biologic agents (11.8% in patients without biologic agents vs 5.3% in patients with biologic agents; RR 2.2; p=0.021). No differences have been observed in the seroprevalence of patients with other treatments for IBD or in terms of age, active smoking, level of inflammation markers, the presence of symptoms of infection or hospital admission. Conclusion The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 of Aragon′s patients with IBD is similar to that described in national seroprevalence study of Ministry of Health for the region (8.8%). The treatment with biologic agents is associated with a lower risk of seroconversion

scholarly journals RhD Immunization Despite Adequate Immunoprophylaxis: Role of Fc Gamma Receptor Gene Polymorphisms

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 759-759
Author(s):  
Tamara C Stegmann ◽  
Sietse Q Nagelkerke ◽  
Dian van Winkelhorst ◽  
Taco W Kuijpers ◽  
Gestur Vidarsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Caesarian Section ◽  
Red Blood Cell Transfusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Introduction: One of the most effective immunological interventions in clinical medicine is the prevention of hemolytic disease of the newborn by prophylactic Rh immune globulin (Rh-Ig) therapy. The administration of ante- and postnatal Rh-Ig has reduced the risk of RhD immunization in the Netherlands from 17% to a mere 0.31%, yet its mechanism of action is still unknown. To gain more insight into the possible working mechanism of the Rh-Ig prophylaxis we analyzed potential risk factors and genotyped all known IgG-Fc receptor (protein FcγR, gene FCGR) variants known to date, on a cohort of Dutch women who failed Rh-Ig prophylaxis and developed anti-D antibodies. Adequate Rh-Ig immunoprophylaxis was defined as an antenatal and postnatal prophylaxis of 1,000 IU (200 µg) in both current and previous pregnancies, according to the Dutch guidelines. Material and Methods: Between 1999 and 2013 we identified 274 women who produced anti-D antibodies. Through a structured questionnaire we collected information about Rh-Ig prophylaxis and additional clinical data for potential risk factors. In 122 cases, adequate Rh-Ig prophylaxis was given, and clinical risk factors for fetal maternal hemorrhage (FMH) could be collected. Their clinical circumstances were compared to a control group of 339 randomly selected pregnant women. The Rh-Ig therapy failure of 57 of those women could not be explained through our risk factor analysis. From these 57 cases, DNA was obtained, and used for the FcγR-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay, identifying both single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variations in the FCGR locus. The results were compared to a control group of 200 healthy donors. Results: A history of red blood cell transfusion (p=0.05) and caesarean section (p<0.0001) were identified to be independent risk factors for RhD immunization. All other described risk factors for FMH such as miscarriage, termination of pregnancy, or invasive diagnostic procedures, requiring an additional Rh-Ig dose according to the guidelines, were not found to increase the risk of immunoprophylaxis failure. RhD-immunization due to caesarian section or red blood cell transfusion accounted for 53% of our cohort, suggesting an alternative explanation for the production of Rh-Ig alloantibodies in the remaining 47% of the cases - despite adequate amount of prophylaxis given in current and previous pregnancies. We therefore postulate the existence of a genetic variation that puts women at increased risk for RhD immunization during pregnancy. To test this hypothesis we analyzed the genetic variation in the FCGR locus and found a significantly (p=0.02) increased prevalence of the FCGR2 -ORF, expressing a functional copy of the activating FcγRIIc, which is otherwise a pseudogene. Strikingly, the prevalence of the 2B.4-promotor haplotype of the FCGR2B gene, associated with a 1.5 fold increase of the inhibitory FcγRIIb, was strongly (p=0.0001) increased. Conclusion: Caesarian section and red blood cell transfusion are risk factors that increase RhD immunization during pregnancies, accounting for about half failed Rh-Ig prophylactic cases. Genetic variation in the FCGR-gene might be a possible explanation for increased immunization risk. In our cohort we encountered a significantly increased frequency of individuals expressing FcγRIIc, along with a polymorphism encoding for a higher expression of the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIb, suggesting these genes to influence immune responses to RBC in a manner previously unrecognized. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Immigrant Essential Workers: Bhutanese and Burmese Refugees in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Mengxi Zhang ◽  
Ashok Gurung ◽  
Philip Anglewicz ◽  
Katherine Yun
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Asian Immigrant ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

Objectives Immigrants are believed to be at high risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A leading suspected risk factor is their role in the essential workforce. We aimed to describe COVID-19–related risk factors among Bhutanese and Burmese refugees in the United States. Methods We administered an anonymous online survey in May 2020 among community leaders of Bhutanese and Burmese refugees. Using a snowball sampling strategy, we invited community leaders to complete the survey and share the link with others who met inclusion criteria (English proficient, aged ≥18, currently living in the United States). We compared respondents with and without recent COVID-19 and identified risk factors for infection. Results Of 218 refugees in 23 states who completed the survey from May 15 through June 1, 2020, fifteen (6.9%) reported infection with COVID-19. Being an essential worker during the pandemic (odds ratio [OR] = 5.25; 95% CI, 1.21-22.78), having an infected family member (OR = 26.92; 95% CI, 5.19-139.75), and being female (OR = 5.63; 95% CI, 1.14-27.82) were risk factors for infection. Among 33 infected family members, 23 (69.7%) were essential workers. Conclusion Although we had a small snowball sample, we found that working in essential industries was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection among Bhutanese and Burmese refugees. We call for larger studies that include Asian immigrant subgroups, as well as immediate attention to protecting immigrant essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Increase in the Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio relates to Injury Risk in Competitive Runners

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talko Bernhard Dijkhuis ◽  
Ruby Otter ◽  
Marco Aiello ◽  
Hugo Velthuijsen ◽  
Koen Lemmink
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Daily Training

AbstractInjuries of runners reduce the ability to train and hinder competing. Literature shows that the relation between potential risk factors and injuries are not definitive, limited, and inconsistent. In team sports, workload derivatives were identified as risk factors. However, there is an absence of literature in running on workload derivatives. This study used the workload derivatives acute workload, chronic workload, and acute: chronic workload ratios to investigate the relation between workload and injury risk in running. Twenty-three competitive runners kept a daily training log for 24 months. The runners reported training duration, training intensity and injuries. One-week (acute) and 4-week (chronic) workloads were calculated as the average of training duration multiplied by training intensity. The acute:chronic workload ratio was determined dividing the acute and chronic workloads. Results show that a fortnightly low increase of the acute:chronic workload ratio (0.10–0.78) led to an increased risk of sustaining an injury (p<0.001). Besides, a low increase of the acute:chronic workload ratio (0.05–0.62) between the second week and third week before an injury showed an association with increased injury risk (p=0.013). These findings demonstrate that the acute:chronic workload ratio relates to injury risk.

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