scholarly journals Effect of diallyl disulfide on lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behavior in mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiashu Lu ◽  
Haiyan He ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
Zhuo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Diallyl Disulfide ◽  
Oxidative Markers ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lps Treatment

Abstract Background: Depression is associated with high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative markers. Inhibition of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress is beneficial for depression prevention and/or therapy. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), an active compound in garlic oil, has been shown to inhibit neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role and mechanism of DADS in lipopolysacharide (LPS)-induced depression-like behaviors in mice.Methods: We used behavioral tests and biochemical analysis to illustrate the role and mechanism of DADS in depression regulation.Results: Similarly to imipramine (10 mg/kg), a clinical antidepressant, DADS (40 or 80 mg/kg), which was administered 1 h before LPS treatment (pre-LPS) or 1.5 h and 23.5 h after LPS treatment (post-LPS), prevented and reversed the LPS (100 μg/kg)-induced increase in immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) in mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that DADS pre-treatment or post-treatment at the dose of 40 and 80 mg/kg prevented and reversed (i) the LPS-induced increases in interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, (ii) the LPS-induced increases in contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), a parameter reflecting high levels of oxidative stress, as well as (iii) the LPS-induced decreases in contents of GSH, a marker reflecting weakened anti-oxidative ability, in both hippocampus and prefrontal cortexes in mice.Conclusions: DADS is comparable to imipramine in effectively ameliorating LPS-induced depression-like behaviors in mice, providing a potential value for DADS in prevention and/or therapy of depression.

Astaxanthin, the Natural Antioxidant, Reduces Reserpine Induced Depression in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1319-1327
Author(s):  
Ferdous Khan ◽  
Syed A. Kuddus ◽  
Md. H. Shohag ◽  
Hasan M. Reza ◽  
Murad Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Glutathione Depletion ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Biochemical Level

Background: An imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants determines the level of oxidative stress which is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric disorders including depression. Therefore, treatment with antioxidants could potentially improve the balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of astaxanthin, a potential antioxidant, to reduce reserpine-induced depression in BALB/c mice (Mus musculus). Methods: On the behavioral level, antidepressant property of astaxanthin (50 mg/kg, orally) on reserpine (2 mg/kg, subcutaneously) induced depressed mice was evaluated by Forced Swim Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST). In the biochemical level, the ability of astaxanthin to mitigate reserpine-induced oxidative stress was evaluated by the measurement of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in brain, liver and plasma samples. On the other hand, the efficiency of astaxanthin to replenish glutathione depletion and antioxidant enzyme activity augmentation in the same samples were also investigated. Results: Astaxanthin was able to lower reserpine induced immobility time significantly (p<0.05) in FST and TST. Mice treated with astaxanthin showed significantly (p<0.05) low level of oxidative stress markers such as Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NO). Consistently, the level of reduced Glutathione (GSH), and the activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and catalase were augmented due to the oral administration of astaxanthin. Conclusion: This study suggests that astaxanthin reduces reserpine-induced oxidative stress and therefore might be effective in treating oxidative stress associated depression.

scholarly journals Antidepressant and nootropic activity of aqueous extract of Bougainvillea glabra

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 334-339
Author(s):  
Parikshit V. Choudhari ◽  
Vanita G. Kanse ◽  
A. Venkatachalam ◽  
Punam R. Pal
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Nootropic Activity ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Antidepressant Efficacy ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Bougainvillea Glabra

The aim of this analysis was to assess antidepressant & nootropic capacity of Bougainvillea Glabra aqueous extract (BGAE). Forced swim test, tail suspension test, & tetrabenazine mediated catalepsy & ptosis models were used to assess BGAE's antidepressant efficacy in mice at doses of 250 & 500 mg/kg orally. Morris water maze with elevated plus maze (EPM) was used to test nootropic behaviour. Normal medications for antidepressant & nootropic function were imipramine (25 mg/kg) & piracetam (300 mg/kg), respectively. Antioxidant assays such as DPPH & TBARS were used to validate antidepressant & nootropic function. When comparison to car, pre-treatment with BGAE resulted in substantial dose-dependent decrease in immobility time in both FST & TST. (P0.005) Tetrabenazine-induced catalepsy & ptosis were both decreased dramatically. Furthermore, in MWM & EPM, BGAE demonstrated dose-dependent cognitive enhancing behaviour. In DPPH assay, BGAE had IC50 of 17.39 g/ ml, & in TBARS assay, it had IC50 of 398.71 gm/ ml. BGAE has antidepressant & nootropic activities that are equivalent to imipramine & piracetam at doses of 250 & 500 mg/kg, respectively, which may be due to its effect on neurotransmitters & antioxidant function.

Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depression Like Behavior in Mice via the Inhibition of Neuroinflammation and Oxido-Nitrosative Stress

Pharmacology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Cheng ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
Zhuo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstone ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Behavioral Abnormalities ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Depression is a mental disease that causes severe economic and social burdens. The mechanism for the onset of depression remains largely unknown. Recently, more and more attention is being given to the role of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in depression. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a clinically available agent used to treat cholesterol gallstone and protect neurons against neurodegeneration, has been reported to prevent neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the effect of TUDCA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression-like behavior, neuroinflammation, and oxido-nitrosative stress in mice. Results showed that TUDCA pretreatment (once daily for 7 consecutive days) at the dosage of 200 and 400 mg/kg, but not 100 mg/kg, markedly attenuated LPS (0.83 mg/kg)-induced behavioral abnormalities in the tail suspension test, forced swim test, and sucrose preference test. Further analysis showed that the TUDCA pretreatment (200, 400 mg/kg) not only inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines induced by LPS stimulation, such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, but attenuated LPS-triggered oxido-nitrosative stress in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Taken together, our results provide evidence to show that the TUDCA could be a potential antidepressant, and its antidepressive mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of the neuroinflammatory response and oxido-nitrosative stress in the brain.

scholarly journals Low-dose irradiation reduces forced swim test-induced immobility and oxidative stress in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Shota Naoe ◽  
Takahiro Kataoka ◽  
Hina Shuto ◽  
Junki Yano ◽  
Tetsuya Nakada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Dose Irradiation ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Galangin Resolves Cardiometabolic Disorders through Modulation of AdipoR1, COX-2, and NF-κB Expression in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 769
Author(s):  
Patoomporn Prasatthong ◽  
Sariya Meephat ◽  
Siwayu Rattanakanokchai ◽  
Juthamas Khamseekaew ◽  
Sarawoot Bunbupha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Impaired Liver Function ◽  
Impaired Liver ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Galangin is a natural flavonoid. In this study, we evaluated whether galangin could alleviate signs of metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiac abnormalities in rats receiving a high-fat (HF) diet. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were given an HF diet plus 15% fructose for four months, and they were fed with galangin (25 or 50 mg/kg), metformin (100 mg/kg), or a vehicle for the last four weeks. The MS rats exhibited signs of MS, hypertrophy of adipocytes, impaired liver function, and cardiac dysfunction and remodeling. These abnormalities were alleviated by galangin (p < 0.05). Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations and expression were high in the plasma and cardiac tissue in the MS rats, and these markers were suppressed by galangin (p < 0.05). These treatments also alleviated the low levels of adiponectin and oxidative stress induced by an HF diet in rats. The downregulation of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the upregulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression were recovered in the galangin-treated groups. Metformin produced similar effects to galangin. In conclusion, galangin reduced cardiometabolic disorders in MS rats. These effects might be linked to the suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress and the restoration of AdipoR1, COX-2, and NF-κB expression.

Daphnetin Ameliorates Corticosterone-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior and Oxidative Stress in Mice Via Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor/Heme Oxygenase-1 Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-476
Author(s):  
Chao Liu ◽  
Chao Liang ◽  
Jie Huang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Sucrose Consumption ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

We have investigated the effect of daphnetin on depressive-like behavior and oxidative stress caused by corticosterone in mice. To this end, we have analyzed the effect of corticosterone alone and combination of corticosterone and daphnetin on three behavioral indices of depressive-like behavior - sucrose consumption rate, forced swimming test, and tail suspension test as well as biochemical markers of oxidative stress - malondialdehyde, nitrite, protein carbonyl, nonprotein sulfhydryl and glutathione contents as well as hippocampal cell apoptosis. The results support the conclusion that daphnetin diminished corticosterone induced depressive like behavior and oxidative stress by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

The Effect of Fluoxetine and Ibuprofen on BCG-Induced Alteration in Pain Sensitivity in Mice

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba H El-Morsy ◽  
Wesam El-Bakly ◽  
Amany H Hasanin ◽  
May Hamza ◽  
M Abdel-Bary
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mechanical Allodynia ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Incisional Pain

Abstract Clinical observations recognized the co-existence and interactions of pain and depression a long time, ago. The aim of this work was to study the effect of ibuprofen and fluoxetine on BCGinduced depressive-like behaviour, on formalin-induced pain, as well as on mechanical allodynia after planter incision in mice. BCG induced a depressive behaviour that was seen in the forced swim test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST). It also induced a decrease in pain-related behaviour in the formalin test, and an increase in the baseline in mechanical allodynia test compared to the control group. Fluoxetine (80 mg/L of drinking water) showed a significant decrease in the immobility time in the FST and TST and enhanced pain related behaviour in formalin test in the BCG-inoculated group. However, it did not affect the increase in the pain threshold in the planter incision allodynia model. Adding ibuprofen to drinking water (0.2 g/L of drinking water), reversed the depressive like behaviour induced by BCG and enhanced pain-related behaviour in formalin test, in both the total pain-related behaviour and phase 2. It also prevented the increase in the base line induced by BCG. On the other hand, the incisional pain model was not affected by BCG inoculation except at the 2-hour time point, where it showed hypoalgesia, as well.

scholarly journals TPPU Pre-Treatment Rescues Dendritic Spine Loss and Alleviates Depressive Behaviours during the Latent Period in the Lithium Chloride-Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus Rat Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1465
Author(s):  
Weifeng Peng ◽  
Yijun Shen ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Jing Ding ◽  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Dendritic Spine ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Comorbid Depression ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 400 ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Pre Treatment

Epileptogenesis may be responsible for both of recurrent seizures and comorbid depression in epilepsy. Disease-modifying treatments targeting the latent period before spontaneous recurrent seizures may contribute to the remission of seizures and comorbid depression. We hypothesized that pre-treatment with 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU), a soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor, which has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects might rescue status epilepticus (SE)-induced dendritic spine loss and alleviate depressive behaviours. Rats were either pre-treated with TPPU (0.1 mg/kg/d) intragastrically or with vehicle (40% polyethylene glycol 400) from 7 days before to 7 days after SE that was induced with lithium chloride and pilocarpine intraperitoneally. Rats in the Control group were given saline instead. The forced swim test (FST) was performed on the 8th day after SE to evaluate the depression-like behaviours in rats. The results showed that seizures severity during SE was significantly decreased, and the immobility time during FST was significantly increased through TPPU pre-treatment. Moreover, pre-treatment with TPPU attenuated inflammations including microglial gliosis and the level of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the hippocampus; in addition, neuronal and dendritic spine loss in the subfields of hippocampus was selectively rescued, and the expression of NR1 subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, ERK1/2, CREB, and their phosphorylated forms involved in the dendritic spine development were all significantly increased. We concluded that pre-treatment with TPPU attenuated seizures severity during SE and depressive behaviours during the period of epileptogenesis probably by rescuing dendritic spine loss in the hippocampus.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antidepressant activity of tramadol in comparison with imipramine in Swiss albino mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Chiranjeevi Bonda ◽  
Sudhir Pawar ◽  
Jaisen Lokhande
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Group I ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Suspension Test

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the antidepressant effect of opioid analgesic tramadol using forced swim test and tail suspension test models.Methods: The antidepressant effect was assessed by recording the immobility time in Forced swim test (FST) and Tail suspension test (TST). The mice were randomly divided into five groups. Mice belonging to group I was given normal saline (0.1ml/kg) which acted as control. Group II received imipramine (15mg/kg) considered as the standard drug tramadol was given in graded dose (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) to mice of groups III, IV, V respectively. All drugs were administered intraperitoneally for seven successive days; test was done on 7th day.Results: Tramadol and Imipramine showed antidepressant activity when compared to control. There is dose dependent increase in antidepressant activity of tramadol. The antidepressant activity of imipramine was significantly (P<0.05) more than tramadol at dose 10 and 20 mg/kg but antidepressant activity with tramadol 40mg/kg was comparable to imipramine treated mice.Conclusions: The results of this study indicated the presence of antidepressant activity of tramadol at 40mg/kg.

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