scholarly journals Patterns of Infections and Antimicrobial Drugs’ Prescribing among Pregnant Women in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A Baraka ◽  
Lina Hussain AlLehaibi ◽  
Hind Nasser AlSuwaidan ◽  
Duaa Alsulaiman ◽  
Mohamed Ashraful Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Categorization System ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Abstract Background Antimicrobial agents are considered among the most commonly prescribed drugs in pregnancy given the increased susceptibility of infections during pregnancy. Antimicrobials can contribute to different maternal complications. Therefore, it is important to study their prescribing and utilization pattern. Such type of data regarding this issue is scarce in Saudi Arabia and this encouraged us to conduct this research. The aim of this study is to generate data about the most commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents during pregnancy, as well as their indicators and safety. Methods This is a retrospective study focusing on pregnant women with a known antimicrobial consumption at Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare (JHAH). The sample size was 344 pregnant women with 688 antimicrobial prescriptions. Data was collected about prevalence of infections and antimicrobial prescriptions in addition to drug safety during pregnancy using FDA risk categorization system. Results The results showed that Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) were the most reported (59%) infectious diseases. Around 48% of pregnant women received antimicrobial medications at some point during their pregnancy. The top two antimicrobial agents based on prescription frequency were B-lactams (44.6%) and azole anti-fungals (30%). The prescribed drugs in the study were found to be from B, C and D classes according to the FDA risk classification system. Conclusion Overall antimicrobial prescribing practices were appropriate. The study revealed a high prevalence of antimicrobials prescribing during pregnancy that might pose risks to mothers and their fetuses. Future multi center studies are warranted to evaluate the rational prescribing of antimicrobial medications during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Patterns of infections and antimicrobial drugs’ prescribing among pregnant women in Saudi Arabia: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Baraka ◽  
Lina Hussain AlLehaibi ◽  
Hind Nasser AlSuwaidan ◽  
Duaa Alsulaiman ◽  
Md. Ashraful Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Multicenter Studies ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Categorization System ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Antimicrobial agents are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in pregnancy due to the increased susceptibility to infections during pregnancy. Antimicrobials can contribute to different maternal complications. Therefore, it is important to study their patterns in prescription and utilization. The data regarding this issue is scarce in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the aim of this study is to generate data on the antimicrobial agents that are most commonly prescribed during pregnancy as well as their indications and safety. Methods This is a retrospective study focusing on pregnant women with a known antimicrobial use at Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare (JHAH). The sample included 344 pregnant women with a total of 688 antimicrobial agents prescribed. Data was collected on the proportion of pregnant women who received antimicrobial agents and on the drug safety during pregnancy using the risk categorization system of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Results The results showed that urinary tract infections (UTIs) were the most reported (59%) infectious diseases. Around 48% of pregnant women received antimicrobial medications at some point during pregnancy. The top two antimicrobial agents based on prescription frequency were B-lactams (44.6%) and azole anti-fungals (30%). The prescribed drugs in the study were found to be from classes B, C and D under the FDA risk classification system. Conclusion The study revealed a high proportion of antimicrobials prescribed during pregnancy that might pose risks to mothers and their fetuses. Future multicenter studies are warranted to evaluate the rational prescription of antimicrobial medications during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance among Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract Infections Attending Antenatal Clinic at Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching Hospital (LMUTH), Lusaka, Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kekelwa Inyambo Yeta ◽  
Charles Michelo ◽  
Choolwe Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction. Globally, there is a growing concern over antimicrobial resistance (AMR) which is currently estimated to account for more than 700,000 deaths per year worldwide. AMR undermines the management of infectious diseases in general especially in pregnancy where significant bacteriuria continues to be a serious cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. We therefore aimed to determine the prevalence of AMR and the associated factors among pregnant women with urinary tract infections (UTIs) attending antenatal clinic at a selected hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Methods. This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study conducted between November 2018 and May 2019. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to assess the sociodemographic characteristics and behavioural characteristics. Laboratory tests were also conducted. Descriptive statistics of study participants were used to describe the characteristics of the respondents. Chi-square was used to assess the association between categorical variables. The logistic regression analysis was carried out to generate the adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Results. Overall (n = 203), the prevalence of UTI was 60% (95% CI: 53.3%–66.7%). The most isolated bacteria were E. coli (59%) and Klebsiella (21%). The prevalence of AMR was found to be 53% (95% CI: 46.1%–59.8%). The drugs highly resistant to antimicrobials were nalidixic acid (88.3%), ampicillin (77.8%), and norfloxacin (58.5%), while the least resistant drug was chloramphenicol (20%). There were no important significant predictors to AMR among pregnant women observed in this study. Conclusion. We found high burden of AMR closely linked to observe high prevalence of UTI suggested in this small population. This suggests a need to develop integrated surveillance systems that aim for early and regular screening of pregnant women for UTI as well as concurrent determination of antibiotic susceptibility patterns. This is important to prevent complications that may endanger maternal and fetal health outcomes. Furthermore, further research is needed to explore reasons for this high prevalence of AMR including examining possible attribution to the misuse of drugs so as to inform, enforce, or adjust the prescription-only policies and enforce antimicrobial stewardship programs.

scholarly journals Vaginal Colonization by Escherichia coli in Pregnant Women at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Taghreed J. Jamal ◽  
Hassan El-Banna A. Younus ◽  
Hassan S. Abduljabbar ◽  
Asif A. Jiman-Fatani ◽  
Amal F. Makled
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Vaginal Colonization ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Automated Technology ◽  
King Abdulaziz University ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Maternal and neonatal infections by Escherichia coli remain a challenging problem for obstetricians and pediatricians. This study aims to determine the prevalence of vaginal colonization by Escherichia coli among pregnant women attending the Antenatal Clinics at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah- Saudi Arabia, and to investigate the susceptibility of isolated Escherichia coli to the most commonly used antimicrobials. In this study, 100 pregnant women in the last trimester and 25 non-pregnant women were screened for vaginal colonization of Escherichia coli. The suspected colonies were identified by conventional methods and were confirmed by automated technology "Vitek 2 System". Also, antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done by the same methods". Escherichia coli isolates were serotyped to detect the presence of K1 antigen. Out of 100 pregnant women in the last trimester; twenty-one (21%) were Escherichia coli positive. Also, out of 25 non-pregnant women; four (16%) were Escherichia coli-positive. All of the isolated Escherichia coli were susceptible to most antimicrobial agents. The percentage of vaginal Escherichia coli resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin and piperacillin ranged from 38.1% to 42.9%. The virulence factor K1 antigen was demonstrated in 42.9% of Escherichia coli -positive pregnant women.

Urinary Tract Infections among Pregnant Women in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani S. Faidah ◽  
Ahmed M. Ashshi ◽  
Ghada A. Abou El-Ella ◽  
Ahmad K. Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Amr M. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) among married non-pregnant women living in a low-income suburb of Beirut, Lebanon

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (09) ◽  
pp. 680-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Ramia ◽  
Loulou Kobeissi ◽  
Faysal El Kak ◽  
Sarah Shamra ◽  
Khalil Kreidieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: This study aimed to identify reproductive tract infections (RTIs) in married, non-pregnant women, aged 18 to 49 years, living in a low-income suburb of Beirut, and to investigate the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic factors and these infections. Methodology: Among 1,015 women recruited for the study, 502 were found eligible and 441 were medically examined. Appropriate specimens were collected for Nisseria gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis. Results: The results showed a relatively high prevalence of RTIs (28.2%). The prevalence rates of different agents were as follows: 22.9% of the women were positive for T. vaginalis, 8.8% for candidiasis, 4.5% for bacterial vaginosis, and 1% for N. gonorrhea; none of the women were positive for C. trachomatis. Regression analysis showed that women between the ages of 30 and 39 were twice more likely to have T. vaginalis as compared to younger women. Furthermore, women whose husbands were taxi drivers were at higher risk of acquiring T. vaginalis (OR = 2.2) as compared with women whose husbands occupation was listed as skilled/unskilled. This conclusion can be drawn for the odds of developing any RTI (OR = 2.15). Moreover, those participants with the lowest income were twice as likely to have any RTI compared to those with higher incomes. Conclusions: This study shows a relatively high prevalence of RTIs (T. vaginalis mainly). It urges further in-depth research on cultural practices and economic factors to understand the pattern of sexual behavior in this community.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Profile and Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infections among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Bolgatanga Regional Hospital, Ghana

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kwabena Fosu ◽  
Elvis Quansah ◽  
Isaac Dadzie
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) in pregnancy is associated with significant morbidity for both the mother and the baby. Proper investigation and prompt treatment are needed to prevent the serious life-threatening condition and morbidity associated with UTI in pregnant women. Aim: This study was designed to detect common uropathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern among asymptomatic pregnant women attending antenatal care in the Bolgatanga Regional Hospital. Methodology: Mid-stream urine samples were collected from 200 individuals and inoculated onto cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar media.  Colony counts yielding bacterial growth of ≥ 105 CFU /ml was regarded as significant bacteriuria. Pure isolates of bacterial pathogens were characterized by colony morphology, Gram-stain and standard biochemical procedures. Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all identified isolates. Results: The overall prevalence of bacteria-associated asymptomatic UTI was 17.5%. Escherichia coli (42.9%) was the most isolated organism followed by Staphylococcus aureus (34.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.4%), Staphylococcus saprophyticoccus (5.7%) and Proteus mirabilis 2 (5.7%). Yeast cells and Schistosoma haematobium were also recorded in 2% of the women. Isolates showed significant sensitivity to commercially prepared antibiotic discs. However, higher level of resistance was recorded with tetracycline, nitrofurantoin and nalidixic acid. Conclusion: Early screening for UTI should be done for all pregnant women and those found to be infected need to be treated with appropriate antimicrobial agents to avoid complications.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Urinary Tract Bacteria to Newer Antimicrobial Drugs

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Manjula Mehta ◽  
Jyoti Sharma ◽  
Sonia Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the commonest types of bacterial infections. The antibiotic treatment for UTIs is associated with important medical and economic implications. Many different microorganisms can cause UTIs though the most common pathogens are E. coli and members of family Enterobacteriaceae. The knowledge of etiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of the organisms causing urinary tract infection is essential. The present study was undertaken to evaluate trends of antibiotic susceptibility of commonly isolated uropathogens using newer antimicrobial agents, prulifloxacin, fosfomycin (FOM) and doripenem. We conclude that maintaining a record of culture results and the antibiogram may help clinicians to determine the empirical and/or specific treatment based on the antibiogram of the isolate for better therapeutic outcome.

Risk Factors in Diabetes and Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract Infections Compared to Younger Aged Female.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Abdulghani Mohamed Alsamarai ◽  
Shler Ali Khorshed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Female Student ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infection is common with health impact in women and characterised by failure to treatment and recurrent episodes. Aim: This study was conducted to determine the risk factors for the development of urinary tract infection in diabetic and pregnant women in comparison to student female. Materials and methods: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted during the period from 1st of June 2015 to the end of January 2016. The population included in the study are 563 women, of them 425 were outpatients, and 138 were inpatients. Their age range between 18 and 80 years, with a mean age of 33.59±15.29 years. Urine samples collected and cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar by spread plate technique. Bacterial colonies with different morphology were selected, purified and identified according to their biochemical characteristics using conventional standard methods. Results: In diabetic women, there were no significant difference in mean age and BMI values between culture positive and culture negative groups. However, pus cell mean scale was significantly higher [P=0.000] in women with urinary tract infection [1.76±1.25] than in those with negative culture [0.69±1.00]. In pregnant women, BMI mean value was significantly [P=0.013] lower in pregnant women with UTI [26.14] as compared to those without infection [26.99]. Pus cell scale mean value was significantly [P=0.000] higher in pregnant women with UTI [1.55] than women with negative UTI [0.85]. While there was no significant difference in mean age between UTI positive and negative pregnant women. In female student, there was a significant difference between UTI infected and non-infected in mean age [P=0.041] and pus cell scale [P=0.000]. However, BMI was not significantly different between infected and non-infected female student. Other risk factors association are variables in the 3 groups when analysed using X2, while AUC and OR show different trends of association between risk factors and UTI. Conclusion: BMI, pus cell scale, child number, delivery method, operation history and hospital setting were significantly associated with culture positivity in the 3 studied groups as determined by AUC. While OR confirmed association with pus sale scale in the 3 groups.

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