Pregnancy syphilis epidemic trends, clinical features, APOs risk factors, pregnancy-induced hypertension epidemics and related factors, in Northeast China Jilin Maternity Hospital 2013-2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Hu ◽  
Huixin Yang ◽  
Lixin Sun ◽  
Jingjing Luo ◽  
Siwen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Maternal Syphilis ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background. It is of great public health significance to monitor the global meiosis mother-to-child transmission plan proposed by WHO and monitor the prevalence of maternal syphilis and the factors affecting mother-to-child transmission. Methods. We collected 271 medical records of prenatally diagnosed (from 87286 pregnant women) of syphilis among pregnant women a maternity hospital in Jilin Province China from 2013 to 2017. The chi-square test and Logistic multiple regression analysis were used to describe the clinical characteristics of pregnant women with syphilis and the related factors of adverse pregnancy outcome. Results. The average prevalence of maternal syphilis is 0.31% (95%[CI]: 0.27%-0.35%). The mean age of 271 pregnant women with syphilis is 27.62±5.4 years old. The maternal syphilis prevalence of absence of paid occupation is 73.8%; rural population accounts for 43.6%. Maternal women with a history of abortion accounted for 43.1%, of which 53.1% had abortion ≥2; The average rate of treatment in pregnancy is 25.5% (95%[CI]: 25.4%-25.6%). The prevalence rate of APOs are 43.9% (95%[CI]: 38.1%-49.9%), declined in five years (P<0.05). APOs was significantly higher in women at 30–34 age group than that in 0-24 age group (OR= 2.916, 95%CI: 1.298-6.549) and higher in Un-treatment in pregnancy than that in receive treatment (OR=2.469, 95%CI:1.225-4.975). PROM occurrence (OR=2.702, 95%CI:1.219-5.988); CRP elevation (≥10 mg/L) and RPR high titer (≥1:8) are related to the occurrence of APOs. Abortion, prematurity and low birth weight are associated with no treatment during pregnancy (P<0.05). Comparison of 42 cases of pregnancy-induced hypertension and non-pregnancy-induced hypertension, Dysmenorrhea (OR= 3.654, 95%CI:1.812-7.369) and elevated urine protein (OR= 2.259, 95%CI:1.161-4.394) are the influencing factors of maternal syphilis complicated with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Conclusions. The prevalence of maternal syphilis in northern China is lower than that of 10 years ago, but the decline is still lower than that in the economically developed regions of the south. The rate of non-treatment of syphilis during pregnancy is high, and should be alert to the rebound of maternal syphilis.

scholarly journals Safety, strength and simplicity of efavirenz in pregnancy

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prinitha Pillay ◽  
Vivian Black
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Timing Of Initiation ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
In Pregnancy

The WHO recommends starting lifelong ART for all pregnant women with a CD4 count at or below 350 cells/mm³, which recognises the important component of ‘when to start’ and the role that timing of initiation plays in reducing mortality and disease progression. The data on ‘what to start’ are conflicting, and options for resource-limited settings are limited. The choice of an ART regimen for pregnant women is complicated by the need to take into account the health and safety of both the mother and baby. Particularly contentious is whether to use a nevirapine- (NVP) or efavirenz- (EFV) based regimen. This review presents the latest evidence on the safety and efficacy of EFV and NVP in pregnancy and offers recommendations for improving maternal and child health outcomes and avoid mother-to-child transmission as South Africa moves toward turning back the tide on its HIV epidemic.

scholarly journals A Study on Fundus changes in Pregnancy-induced hypertension: A Four-year Observation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Elluru Pandu Rangaiah ◽  
Madhavi Latha Gangisetty ◽  
Sandhya K ◽  
Latha A ◽  
Meena Syed
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Hypertensive Retinopathy ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Changes In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Introduction: Hypertensive disorders complicate 5-10% in all pregnant and together form the deadly triad and hemorrhage and heart disease that contribute greatly to maternal morbidity or mortality. This study aims to identify retinal changes in pregnancy-induced hypertension and analyze the association between retinal changes and hypertension severity. Method: A total of 100 pregnant admitted with pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH) were included. Patients with pre-existing hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and renal diseases were excluded from the study. The vision, anterior segment, and Fundus were examined. Result: Higher number of PIH were recorded in the 21-30 years age group. Fifty-four pregnant women suffered from mild preeclampsia, 40 pregnant women with severe preeclampsia, and six pregnant women with eclampsia with seizures. 41% of pregnant had normal fundus, and 24% of pregnant had hypertensive retinopathy. Whereas grade 2,3, and 4 retinopathy was observed in 22%, 6%, and 2% of pregnant women. Two percent of pregnants had macular edema, and 3% had central serous retinopathy. No association was observed between the fundus findings with age/gravida. Whereas a significant positive correlation was observed between the fundus findings and hypertension severity (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Overall, 54% of pregnants were recorded with hypertensive retinopathy. A positive correlation was observed between fundus changes with the hypertension severity. This study reports the importance of routine fundus examination in pregnant with hypertension. Retinal change during pregnancy is an important indicator to decide the pregnancy termination or any other opt.

Soluble Fas and Fas Ligand in Pregnancy

Angiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velore J. Karthikeyan ◽  
Gregory Y. H. Lip ◽  
Sabah Baghdadi ◽  
Deirdre A. Lane ◽  
D. Gareth Beevers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fas Ligand ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Pregnancy Hypertension ◽  
Soluble Fas ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
In Pregnancy

The pathophysiology of pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia may involve abnormalities in placentation and the Fas/Fas ligand system. Hypothesizing abnormal plasma Fas and Fas ligand in pregnancy-induced hypertension, we recruited 20 hypertensive pregnant women at mean week 15 and 29 at week 30: 18 were studied at both time points. Control groups were 20 normotensive pregnant women at week 20, 29 women at week 27, and 50 nonpregnant women. sFas and sFas ligand (sFasL) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The hypertensive women had lower sFasL at both stages of their pregnancy ( P < .05). There were no differences in sFas. In 18 hypertensive pregnant women, sFasL fell from week 15 to week 29 ( P < .03). We conclude that sFas and sFasL is unchanged in normal pregnancy. Hypertension in pregnancy is characterized by low sFasL, and levels fall from weeks 15 to 29. This may reflect differences in placentation in the differing physiological and pathological states.

Neutrophil Platelet-Activating Factor in Normal and Hypertensive Pregnancy and in Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

1993 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Beilin ◽  
K. D. Croft ◽  
C. A. Michael ◽  
J. Ritchie ◽  
L. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Calcium Ionophore ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Uncomplicated Hypertension ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
In Pregnancy

1. Platelet-activating factor is a phospholipid with potent vasodilator and platelet-activating properties. To test the hypothesis that a generalized change in cellular platelet-activating factor metabolism may be involved in the systemic vasodilatation of normal pregnancy or pregnancy-induced hypertension, we studied platelet-activating factor and eicosanoid synthesis in isolated leucocytes obtained from pregnant women before and after delivery compared with age-matched non-pregnant control subjects. Parallel observations were carried out in age- and gestation-matched women with uncomplicated hypertension in pregnancy and in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension and a further set of normotensive pregnant control subjects. 2. Leucocyte counts were higher in all pregnant groups compared with non-pregnant control subjects. Neutrophil production of platelet-activating factor and metabolites of prostacyclin, prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane in response to calcium ionophore stimulation were all lower in pregnant women compared with non-pregnant control subjects, but returned to similar levels 6 weeks post partum. There was no significant difference between essential hypertensive and normotensive groups. When women with pregnancy-induced hypertension were a priori subdivided into those with or without proteinuria, subjects with proteinuria showed significantly lower levels of neutrophil platelet-activating factor synthesis. 3. Plasma levels of the platelet-activating factor metabolite (lyso-platelet-activating factor) were also lower in pregnancy, suggesting alterations in the activity of enzymes controlling synthesis or degradation of this phospholipid in pregnancy. In pregnancy-induced hypertension the levels of plasma lyso-platelet-activating factor were higher than in normal pregnancy. 4. Thus this study demonstrates a reduction in the maximum capacity of neutrophils to synthesize platelet-activating factor and the three main classes of eicosanoids in vitro and a reduction in plasma lyso-platelet-activating factor levels in normotensive and essential hypertensive pregnancies. Contrary to expectation neutrophil prostacyclin metabolite generation was reduced in normal pregnancy. In pregnancy-induced hypertension with proteinuria the suppression of neutrophil platelet-activating factor synthesis was more pronounced. The results do not support the involvement of platelet-activating factor in the vasodilatation of pregnancy, but indicate profound changes in cellular phospholipid metabolism in normal pregnancy with further disturbances in pregnancy-induced hypertension by as yet unexplained mechanisms.

Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis: Is it a reality in Nigeria by 2020?

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 794-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Adeyinka ◽  
Babayemi O. Olakunde ◽  
Chamberline E. Ozigbu ◽  
Emmanuel A. Agogo ◽  
Mercy Morka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Treatment Coverage ◽  
Syphilis Screening ◽  
Maternal Syphilis ◽  
Mother To Child

Background: Congenital syphilis is a global health problem, yet it has received little attention in recent years. Despite cost-effective syphilis screening and treatment, it continues to contribute hugely to perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aims: To determine the prevalence and treatment coverage trend for syphilis among pregnant women in the national prevention of mother-to-child transmission programme in Nigeria and to evaluate progress towards the elimination of congenital syphilis in the country. Methods: A retrospective analysis of validated national health sector performance data on pregnant women attending antenatal care at prevention of mother-to-child transmission clinics from 2013 to 2016 in Nigeria. Results: The proportion of new antenatal care attendees who annually received serological testing for syphilis increased from 12.2% in 2013 to 16.3% in 2016 (p-trend<0.0001). Although the prevalence of maternal syphilis decreased from 3.2% in 2013 to 1.4% in 2016 (p-trend<0.0001), the syphilis treatment coverage during pregnancy has decreased from 71.3% in 2013 to 54.9% in 2016 (p-trend<0.0001). Conclusions: Maternal syphilis screening and treatment in Nigeria are inadequate to meet the elimination aspirations. A rapid scale-up of antenatal care syphilis screening and treatment are crucial to averting an epidemic in Nigeria by 2020.

A ouabain-displacing factor in normal pregnancy, pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gregoire ◽  
D. Roth ◽  
G. Siegenthaler ◽  
P. Fievet ◽  
N. El Esper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Binding Assay ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Receptor Binding Assay ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
In Pregnancy

1. A ouabain-displacing factor (ODF) was measured in the urine of non-pregnant, normotensive pregnant and hypertensive pregnant women by a receptor-binding assay with sodium, potassium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase. 2. Urinary ODF was significantly increased in normal pregnancy. 3. Greater increases were seen in pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Relationship Between Types of Occupational Risk Factors and Pregnancy Induced Hypertension Among Iranian Employed Pregnant Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazanin Izadi ◽  
Omid Aminian ◽  
Pegah Estakhrian ◽  
Samaneh Akbarpour ◽  
Mahin Ahmadi Pishkuhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
The Relationship

Gestational hypertension or pregnancy-induced hypertension is the emergence of hypertension in a pregnant women after 20 weeks of gestation. This study aimed to evaluate the job-related factors associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 560 pregnant women who referred to the Nursing Clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in 2017; of all studied cases, 210 pregnant women with pregnancy-induced hypertension were selected as cases and 350 women without pregnancy-induced hypertension were selected as controls. The data on demographic characteristics, occupational characteristics, and ergonomic dangers were collected by the researchers. Finally, the relationship between job variables and the probability of developing hypertension in pregnant women was measured. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the variables of body mass index, fertility, shift work, and service works had a significant relationship with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Women with service work were 2.32 times more likely to develop hypertension than women with other types of jobs (P=0.013). The people who had a shift work were 2.28 times more likely to develop pregnancy-induced hypertension than those who did not have shift work. Based on the results of this study, there was no relationship between ergonomic risks and pregnancy-induced hypertension. It seems that due to the higher frequency of pregnancy-induced hypertension in highly demanding jobs, it is necessary to pay more attention to the assessment of related risk factors, such as psychological variables. © 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved. Acta Med Iran 2019;57(7):430-434.

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