scholarly journals A protocol for the study of the rumen biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids of lipid supplements mixed with forages using an in vitro approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Andrés Castillo Vargas ◽  
Martha Olivera Angel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Biochemical Process ◽  
Compositional Quality ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Ruminant Meat

Abstract The rumen biohydrogenation of dietary unsaturated fatty acids has an important effect on the final compositional quality of ruminant meat and milk. Hence, diverse methodological approaches have been developed to understand and modulate this biochemical process that occurs in the rumen. Therefore, in the current method article, a protocol is presented to conduct an in vitro assay for understanding the biohydrogenation of dietary fatty acids in the rumen. The protocol enabled the evaluation of the effects of different relationships between linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids in supplements on the production of fatty acid intermediaries derived from the biohydrogenation of these unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen, with satisfactory results.

93 POSTCRYOPRESERVATION VIABILITY OF EMBRYOS FROM NELLORE HEIFERS SUPPLEMENTED WITH RUMEN-PROTECTED FAT

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Guardieiro ◽  
G. M. Machado ◽  
M. R. Bastos ◽  
G. B. Mourão ◽  
L. H. D. Carrijo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Development Evaluation ◽  
Positive Effect

Polyunsaturated fatty acids seem to exert an extra-caloric positive effect on ruminant reproduction, although the reasons for that are still unclear. Although some studies have detected a positive effect of feeding unsaturated fatty acids on embryo development of superovulated Bos taurus cattle (Thangavelu et al. 2007 Theriogenology 68, 949-957), others have not (Petit et al. 2008 J. Dairy Sci. 91, 1786-1790). Our hypothesis was that, although number and quality of embryos from superovulated heifers would not be affected by diet, supplemental fat would improve embryo cryotolerance. Therefore, this study evaluated superovulatory response and embryo production, as well as cryotolerance of embryos cryopreserved through freezing or vitrification in Nellore heifers supplemented with rumen-protected fat. Forty heifers (24 to 36 mo old) were kept in pasture and randomly divided into 2 experimental groups according to supplemental source [F = concentrate with rumen-protected fat (100 g/d of Megalac-E®) and C = control, without fat supplementation]. Supplements were formulated to be isocaloric and isoproteic. Each female underwent both treatments in a cross-over design with approximately 68 d between replicates. After 50 d of feeding, emergence of the wave was synchronized with the aid of hormones to initiate the superovulation protocol. Recovered embryos were frozen or vitrified, and subsequently in vitro embryo development evaluation was accomplished. Data were analyzed using generalized linear models. There was no difference between F and C groups (P > 0.10) regarding superstimulatory response, number of total embryos/ova, viable embryos, degenerate embryos, or unfertilized oocytes recovered. However, group C had a greater superovulatory response than F (18.0 ± 1.3 v. 15.7 ± 1.2 CL; P = 0.06). Group C embryos presented greater hatching rate, independently of the cryopreservation method, at 48 h (33.1 ± 4.0%; n = 148 v. 17.3 ± 3.3%; n = 137; P = 0.009) and at 72 h (44.3 ± 4.2%; n = 148 v. 30.9 ± 4.0%; n = 137; P = 0.04) of in vitro culture. Under the conditions of the present study, supplementation with protected fat did not affect superstimulatory response and quantity or quality of embryos. However embryos from the F group were less tolerant to cryopreservation. Financial support from FAPESP, EMBRAPA, Arm & Hammer, Integral Produbon, and Pfizer of Brazil.

Differential Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Body Composition and Adiposity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Emamat ◽  
Zahra Yari ◽  
Hossein Farhadnejad ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Total Body

Recent evidence has highlighted that fat accumulation, particularly abdominal fat distribution, is strongly associated with metabolic disturbance. It is also well-recognized that the metabolic responses to variations in macronutrients intake can affect body composition. Previous studies suggest that the quality of dietary fats can be considered as the main determinant of body-fat deposition, fat distribution, and body composition without altering the total body weight; however, the effects of dietary fats on body composition have controversial results. There is substantial evidence to suggest that saturated fatty acids are more obesogen than unsaturated fatty acids, and with the exception of some isomers like conjugate linoleic acid, most dietary trans fatty acids are adiposity enhancers, but there is no consensus on it yet. On the other hand, there is little evidence to indicate that higher intake of the n-3 and the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids can be beneficial in attenuating adiposity, and the effect of monounsaturated fatty acids on body composition is contradictory. Accordingly, the content of this review summarizes the current body of knowledge on the potential effects of the different types of dietary fatty acids on body composition and adiposity. It also refers to the putative mechanisms underlying this association and reflects on the controversy of this topic.

Inhibition of binding of gonadal steroids to serum binding proteins by non-esterified fatty acids: the influence of chain length and degree of unsaturation

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Street ◽  
R. J. S. Howell ◽  
L. Perry ◽  
S. Al-Othman ◽  
T. Chard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Binding ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitro Binding

Abstract. The effect of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) on the in vitro binding of testosterone, 5-alpha dihydrotestosterone and estradiol E2 to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was examined using pooled normal female serum, and SHBG and albumin fractions obtained from the partial purification of late pregnancy serum. A range of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were examined for their effect on steroid-protein binding. In normal female serum, NEFA added at physiological concentrations disrupted steroid-protein binding. The shorter chain (C8–C12) saturated acids and the poly-unsaturated acids proved to be more effective inhibitors than the longer chain saturated or mono-unsaturated acids. The greatest inhibition was obtained with E2 whereas the binding of dihydrotestosterone was least affected. With partially purified SHBG, the same concentrations of NEFA were less effective at inhibiting the binding of dihydrotestosterone and testosterone but elicited the same effect with E2. The binding of steroids to albumin appeared to be unaffected by these concentrations of NEFA.

Influence of dietary fatty acids on adipose tissue composition and subsequent eating quality of finishing pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 155-155
Author(s):  
M S Redshaw ◽  
J Wiseman ◽  
D J A Cole ◽  
J D Wood ◽  
M Enser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Tissue Composition

It is well established that the fatty acid combustion of adipose issue in pigs (non-ruminants) may be manipulated by changes in the fatty acid profile of the diets. The objective of this program of work was to quantify the responses of adipose depots of finishing pigs to changes in the level and profile of dietary fatty acids and to relate these changes to the sensory quality of meat as determined by taste panel.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the production and quality of oil in Jatropha curcas L. under the dry and warm climate conditions of Colombia

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Montenegro R. ◽  
Stanislav Magnitskiy ◽  
Martha C. Henao T.
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Oil Composition

This study was conducted to assess fruit and seed yield, oil content and oil composition of Jatropha curcas fertilized with different doses of nitrogen and potassium in Espinal (Tolima, Colombia). The yields ranged from 4,570 to 8,800 kg ha-1 of fruits and from 2,430 to 4,746 kg ha-1 of seeds. These yields showed that the fertilizer dose of 150 kg ha-1 N + 120 kg ha-1K increased fruit production by 92% and seed production by 95%, which represents an increase of about 100% in oil production, which increased from 947 to 1,900 kg ha-1. The total oil content in the seeds ranged from 38.7 to 40.1% (w/w) with a high content of the unsaturated fatty acids oleic (> 47%) and linoleic acid (> 29%). The highest content of oleic acid in the seed oil was from the unfertilized control plants and plants with an application of 100 kg ha-1 of N and 60 kg ha-1 of K, with an average of 48%. The lowest content of oleic acid was registered when a low dose of nitrogen and a high level of potassium were applied at a ratio of 1:2.4 and doses of 50 kg ha-1 N + 120 kg ha-1 K, respectively. Low contents of the saturated fatty acids palmitic (13.4%) and stearic (7.26%) were obtained, making this oil suitable for biodiesel production. The nitrogen was a more important nutrient for the production and quality of oil in J. curcas than potassium under the studied conditions of soil and climate.

scholarly journals Research Regarding Dynamics of Chemical Content from Pasteurized Egg Melange Stored in Polyethylene Type Packings

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-374
Author(s):  
Roxana Nicoleta Ratu ◽  
Marius Giorgi Usturoi ◽  
Daniel Simeanu ◽  
Cristina Simeanu ◽  
Alexandru Usturoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Chemical Content

n the current paper, we aimed to analyze the way in which packing (different polyethylene types) influence the quality of pasteurized melange during storage, packing being realized in units of 1 kg (Tetra Pak) (batch Lexp-1) and units of 5 kg (Bag in box) (batch Lexp-2). Products were stored during a period of 28 days at a temperature of +4�C, qualitative determinations being realized in first day (day 0), at 7 days, at 14 days, 21 days and in day 28 of storage. Were effectuated a sensorial examination and chemical analysis were was established the content in dry matter (%), water (%), proteins (%), content in essential amino acids (isoleucine, methionine, tryptophan, phenylalanine) and non-essential amino acids (alanine, histidine, glycine, serine) (mg/100g) as well as the content in lipids (%) establishing their profile by identification of some saturated fatty acids (16:0 mg/100g and 18:0 mg/100g) and unsaturated fatty acids (16:1 mg/100g and 18:1 mg/100g). After sensorial examinations, the first modifications were observed at the checking effectuated in day 21 for batch Lexp-2, the obtained score being of 18 points, and at checking effectuated in day 28 was given a score of 18 points for melange belonging to batch Lexp-1 and only 14 points for melange from batch Lexp-2. Differences were recorded also in case of chemical composition of products, so for protein content at batch Lexp-1 in first checking day was obtained a mean of 12.730�0.24% and at batch Lexp-2 12.614�0.22%. Differences between those two batches were insignificant (p[0.05). In case of fat content, at the end of storage period was obtained a mean of 11.256�0.06% for batch Lexp-1 and 11.244�0.11% for batch Lexp-2, differences being insignificant (p [ 0.05). Regarding the profile of amino acids and fatty acids, the mean values obtained during whole storage period oscillated from one stage to another, but the differences between those two batches were insignificant (p [ 0.05). Pasteurized egg melange suffers certain sensorial modifications during storage, especially on consistency and colouring, modifications which are accentuated mainly by storage conditions. Type of polyethylene utilized for this product hadn�t influenced the nutritive qualities of product.

Dietary fatty acids modify insulin secretion of rat pancreatic islet cells in vitro

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Tinahones ◽  
A. Pareja ◽  
F. J. Soriguer ◽  
J. M. Gómez-Zumaquero ◽  
F. Cardona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Pancreatic Islet Cells ◽  
Rat Pancreatic Islet
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