scholarly journals Perceptions of Adolescent Pregnancy in Rural Contexts: An Approach based on Social Determination of health inequities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herlan Palacios-Perdomo ◽  
Naydu Acosta-Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Determination Of Health

Abstract Background: The phenomenon of teen pregnancy as a social process in rural areas within settings of violence and peacebuilding are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to inquire into the perceptions of lived experiences in Colombian rural areas on the social forces and social determination of adolescent pregnancy. Methods: Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Data triangulation included young people and other social actors from the Amaime river basin (municipalities of Palmira and El Cerrito in Colombia). Perceptions about the social conditions, specific ways of living, and lifestyles, were analyzed with approximations from phenomenology with the theoretical approach of social determination of health inequities. Results: Living conditions with strong social stigma and demand for social, political, and cultural opportunities were found. Regarding the way of living, an isolated young person is perceived with emotional gaps, sanctioned by the social group, and with little communication and information on sexual education. Regarding lifestyles, there are standardized youth behaviors that affect a person’s life plan and sexuality with precarious gender relations and with various types of violence that limit exercising peacebuilding. Conclusions: This study contributes to a pressing topic in sexual and reproductive health, with a novel approach that generates conclusions that contribute to comprehensively expanding the required interventions.

scholarly journals Perceptions of adolescent pregnancy in the rural context and the Colombian armed conflict: a qualitative approach based on social determination of health

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herlan Palacios-Perdomo ◽  
Naydú Acosta-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ways Of Life ◽  
Social Determination Of Health

Abstract Background Adolescent pregnancy in rural areas is a persistent health problem that has still not properly been understood. Studies with qualitative perspectives that address this phenomenon as a complex social process, which involves the recognition of the voices of the actors involved and the analysis of the specific context in which it takes place, are limited. Objective This research explored the perceptions of young people and other social actors (municipalities of Palmira and El Cerrito in Colombia) of the social forces and dimensions of the social determination of adolescent pregnancy in the Amaime river basin. These geographic areas have been scenes of armed violence with various groups in combat within the context of a long-standing political conflict in Colombia. After the 2016 Havana agreements were signed, peacebuilding has been underway in its territories. Methods A qualitative study that implemented focus groups and semi-structured interviews was conducted. The theoretical approach of social determination of health proposed by Breilh was used to study the social process entailed in adolescent pregnancy. Perceptions about social conditions, specific ways of life, and lifestyles were addressed. Galtung and Fischer’s theoretical approach on violence and peacebuilding was also incorporated to enrich the understanding of the Colombian context. The analysis was conducted with approaches from phenomenology. Results Living conditions with strong social stigma and demand for social, political, and cultural opportunities were found. Regarding ways of life, little communication and information about sex education was perceived. As for lifestyles, there are youthful behaviors infused by sociocultural traditions that affect life projects and sexual behavior. Gender relations are precarious, and there are various types of violence that limit effective peacebuilding. Conclusions This study contributes to a priority issue in sexual and reproductive health, with an approach that generates analytical elements to comprehensively expand the social and health interventions required.

scholarly journals Disability, Human Resources and Behavioral Economics: The Labour Inclusion Case of Ilunion Hotels of the Costa del Sol (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7932
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Cruz-Morato ◽  
Carmen Dueñas-Zambrana ◽  
Josefa García-Mestanza
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
The Social

The situation of labour inclusion of people with disabilities in Spain is still too negative, in spite of the different efforts carried out by public and private sector. Previous research points to social discrimination as one of the main causes of the situation. Ilunion Hotels is one of the most important hotel companies in Spain focused on labour inclusion of people with disabilities. The objective of this paper is to explore the social inclusion case of Ilunion Hotels of the Costa del Sol, the actions that they have developed to improve the labour integration of this collective, based on a behavioral economics theoretical model (with a high relevance of the influence of social stigma, stress theories and coping to stress responses). We look into the specific situation of two of the three hotels developed as Special Employment Centres (sheltered employment contexts defined by Spanish legislation) and the possible impact of their Support Units for Professional Activity. Case study methodology is considered the most appropriate, according to the research objective, supported by semi-structured interviews with the hotel managers. The results show that, although Special Employment Centres are effective in improving labour integration in the short term and could contribute to change the long-term social perspectives about workers with disabilities, they could be also reinforcing the social stigma existing in the ordinary market.

Living with difference: Refugee education and school segregation processes in Greece

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (15) ◽  
pp. 3162-3177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinelopi Vergou
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Way

Global challenges and recent changes in conflict areas in the Middle East, Asia and Africa are reasons for the contemporary forced migration into European countries, which have become places of destination or transit posts for a great number of refugees. Cities have become the focus of the socio-spatial debate, as the main units for receiving refugees, either in state camps or in social housing in city centres. In this article, the focus is on the social-spatial configuration of refugee accommodation in local communities and the way these formations generate urban and school segregation. We argue that the placement of urban refugees in large, camp-like structures with low housing standards, mainly in areas outside cities or in rural areas, provides ground not only for social exclusion and ‘territorial stigmatisation’ but also for de facto school segregation. Furthermore, the attempts to house refugees in small cities, through United Nations and NGO-supplied houses, may also raise concerns about the way dispersal policies are implemented, with the distribution of refugee children in specific schools as a result of territorial social-spatial segregation. In both cases, the school segregation of refugees is connected not only with the implications of immigration and education policies but also with the social practices of local communities and the social-spatial characteristics that determine school education. The empirical material of this study is based on information on the socio-economic profiles of neighbourhoods at the census tract level and on qualitative research, through in-depth semi-structured interviews in two different cities in Greece.

scholarly journals Favouritism: Exploring the ‘uncontrolled’ spaces of the leadership experience

Leadership ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofelia A Palermo ◽  
Ana Catarina Carnaz ◽  
Henrique Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Organisational Justice ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Leadership Experience ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

In this paper, we argue that a focus on favouritism magnifies a central ethical ambiguity in leadership, both conceptually and in practice. The social process of favouritism can even go unnoticed, or misrecognised if it does not manifest in a form in which it can be either included or excluded from what is (collectively interpreted as) leadership. The leadership literature presents a tension between what is an embodied and relational account of the ethical, on the one hand, and a more dispassionate organisational ‘justice’ emphasis, on the other hand. We conducted 23 semi-structured interviews in eight consultancy companies, four multinationals and four internationals. There were ethical issues at play in the way interviewees thought about favouritism in leadership episodes. This emerged in the fact that they were concerned with visibility and conduct before engaging in favouritism. Our findings illustrate a bricolage of ethical justifications for favouritism, namely utilitarian, justice, and relational. Such findings suggest the ethical ambiguity that lies at the heart of leadership as a concept and a practice.

scholarly journals Care of Children With Disabilities in Rural Areas: Meanings and Impact on Everyday life and Health. Study Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 160940692094760
Author(s):  
Pablo A. Cantero-Garlito ◽  
Juan Antonio Flores-Martos ◽  
Pedro Moruno-Miralles
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Social ◽  
Maternal Caregiving ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
The Impact

The general objective of this study is to describe and analyze the meanings that participants gave to the experience related to maternal caregiving activities of children with disabilities in the rural context and their impact on daily life and health. In order to achieve this general objective, the following specific objectives were established: (1) To describe the meanings given to experiences related to caregiving activities of children with disabilities; (2) To analyze the impact on daily life and health that these mothers attribute to those activities; (3) To describe how they experience the support provided by the social and healthcare system in rural areas. An interpretative paradigm was selected, using a qualitative approach and a phenomenological design. Twelve mothers were included. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. A discourse analysis of the narrative information was performed using open, axial, and selective coding processes and the constant comparative method.

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes: Social Determination of Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Raine ◽  
Amy Liu ◽  
Joel Mintz ◽  
Waseem Wahood ◽  
Kyle Huntley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black People ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Determination Of Health

As of 18 October 2020, over 39.5 million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 1.1 million associated deaths have been reported worldwide. It is crucial to understand the effect of social determination of health on novel COVID-19 outcomes in order to establish health justice. There is an imperative need, for policy makers at all levels, to consider socioeconomic and racial and ethnic disparities in pandemic planning. Cross-sectional analysis from COVID Boston University’s Center for Antiracist Research COVID Racial Data Tracker was performed to evaluate the racial and ethnic distribution of COVID-19 outcomes relative to representation in the United States. Representation quotients (RQs) were calculated to assess for disparity using state-level data from the American Community Survey (ACS). We found that on a national level, Hispanic/Latinx, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders, and Black people had RQs > 1, indicating that these groups are over-represented in COVID-19 incidence. Dramatic racial and ethnic variances in state-level incidence and mortality RQs were also observed. This study investigates pandemic disparities and examines some factors which inform the social determination of health. These findings are key for developing effective public policy and allocating resources to effectively decrease health disparities. Protective standards, stay-at-home orders, and essential worker guidelines must be tailored to address the social determination of health in order to mitigate health injustices, as identified by COVID-19 incidence and mortality RQs.

scholarly journals Revisiting the social determinants of health agenda from the global South

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Borde
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Social Medicine ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
The Social

Abstract Background One of the most marked characteristics of the global social structure is the existence of substantial social inequalities in wealth, which also find expression in health inequalities between and within countries. In an effort to provide an overview of the conceptual debates shaping the mobilisation around social determinants of health and health inequities, two of the most influential approaches in the field are compared: the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health approach (CSDH), strongly influenced by European Social Medicine, and the Latin American Social Medicine and Collective Health (LASM-CH) Social determination of the health-disease process approach, hitherto largely invisibilized. Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted in three databases (Lilacs, Scielo, Medline/Pubmed), reference lists of selected papers, and citations in Google Scholar, including book titles. Results It is argued that the debates shaping the SDH agenda do not merely reflect terminological and conceptual differences, but essentially different ethical-political proposals that define the way health inequities are understood and proposed to be transformed. Conclusions While the health equity and SDH agenda probably also gained momentum due to the broad political alliance it managed to consolidate, it is necessary to make differences explicit as this allows for an increase in the breadth and specificity of the debate, facilitating the recognition of contextually relevant proposals towards the reduction of health inequities. Key messages Debates shaping the SDH agenda do not merely reflect terminological or conceptual differences, but distinct ethical-political proposals. Differences need to be discussed and made explicit to guide the development of contextually relevant efforts to reduce health inequities.

'…but I just prefer to treat everyone the same…': general practice receptionists talking about health inequities

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Rowan Manhire-Heath ◽  
Donna Cormack ◽  
Emma Wyeth
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Constructionism ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Cultural Safety ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Health Determinant ◽  
The Social ◽  
Patient’S Experience

General practice receptionists are positioned at the beginning of a patient’s journey within the healthcare system, yet their influence on a patient’s experience is unknown. The limited data on, and research involving, general practice receptionists both in New Zealand and internationally is evidence of this. This research undertook an exploration of the discourses used by a group of general practice receptionists in Wellington, New Zealand to discover how they talk about, and represent, health inequities. Eight in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted, guided by Social Constructionism and Decolonising Theory. Three reoccurring patterns of discourse were identified: discourses about the social determinants of health; discourses about Māori culture and behaviour; and discourses about egalitarianism. Further, narratives that could be seen as deficit-focussed or victim-blaming were identified. Racism was not directly discussed by participants as a health determinant. The findings support the need for training guided by cultural safety and anti-racism principles to be available for all general practice receptionists.

scholarly journals Determination or determinants? A debate based on the Theory on the Social Production of Health

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Rodrigues da Rocha ◽  
Helena Maria Scherlowski Leal David
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Social Production ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Determination Of Health

This article aims to discuss the concepts of Social Determination of Health and Social Determinants of Health, by establishing a comparison between each of their guiding perspectives and investigating their implications on the development of health policies and health actions. We propose a historical and conceptual reflection, highlighting the Theory on the Social Production of Health, followed by a debate on the concepts, with a comparative approach among them.

scholarly journals Quality of life of patients on peritoneal dialysis and its impact on the social dimension

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeany Freire de Oliveira ◽  
Christielle Lidianne Alencar Marinho ◽  
Rudval Souza da Silva ◽  
Gerlene Grudka Lira
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Social

Abstract Objective: evaluate the quality of life of patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on peritoneal dialysis using the KDQOL-SF tool. Method: quantitative-qualitative approach, carried out in August 2017 with 10 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis followed-up at a clinic specialized in Renal Replacement Therapy. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews; later transcribed and submitted to Content Analysis, as well as the application of the Kidney Disease and Quality of Life Short-Form (KDQOL-SF) questionnaire. Results: from the analysis emerged three thematic categories with impacts on the social dimension: Kidney disease as stigma impacting on social relations; Family support as support for overcoming social stigma; and Changes in Daily Living Activities and their repercussions on the social dimension. Conclusion and implications for practice: the participants demonstrated that their Quality of Life has been affected with greater intensity in the social dimension. Identifying such a condition may allow the planning of nursing care with a comprehensive view and meeting the social dimension.

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