scholarly journals Analysis of the Psychological States of the Scientific Expeditioners in Extreme Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayi Wang ◽  
Haibin Li ◽  
Lihong Qu ◽  
Tao WANG ◽  
Di GAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Polar Environment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: To investigate the relationship among individuals’ mood, sleep and personality traits in a long-term polar environment.Methods: A total of 85 Arctic expedition team members were recruited in this study. In addition to personality assessment, they also completed assessments of anxiety, depression, and sleep at baseline, the second and eighth week. The rank sum test was used to compare the differences between mood and sleep at different time periods, and the generalized linear mixed model was used to explore the relations between personality and mood, as well as sleep.Results: The PHQ-9 scores showed a statistically significant difference between baseline and week 8. The PSQI scores showed a significant difference between baseline and week 2. At the same time, there was a significant difference between those who are married and those being single. Single individuals scored significantly lower on GAD-7 than married ones. The relationship between personality traits and PHQ-9 scores was statistically significant and individuals’ coping styles have an impact on their subjective sleep quality, sleep disturbance and daytime dysfunction. Conclusion: In the polar environment, over time, people's mood and sleep will be affected, and that is related to individual characteristics, personality and coping styles.

scholarly journals How Perceived Sensory Dimensions of Forest Park Are Associated with Stress Restoration in Beijing?

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 883
Author(s):  
Congying An ◽  
Jinglan Liu ◽  
Qiaohui Liu ◽  
Yuqi Liu ◽  
Xiaoli Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Visit Frequency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Visit Duration ◽  
Forest Parks

A growing number of studies suggest that the perceived sensory dimensions (PSDs) of green space are associated with stress restoration offered by restorative environment. However, there is little known about PSDs and stress restoration as well as their relationship to forest park. To fill this gap, an on-site questionnaire survey was conducted in three forest parks in Beijing, as a result of which a total number of 432 completed responses were collected and analyzed. The mean values of PSDs were used to represent PSDs of forest park. Using independent sample t-test and ANOVA, this study analyzed the individual characteristics that affected PSDs and stress restoration. Linear mixed model was used to identify the relationship between PSDs and stress restoration of forest park, which took into account the interactions of stress level and PSDs. The results showed that: (1) the perceived degree of PSDs in forest park from strong to weak was Serene, Space, Nature, Rich in species, Prospect, Refuge, Social and Culture, which varied with visitors’ gender, age, level of stress, visit frequency, activity intensity, visit duration and commuting time; (2) in PSDs, Refuge, Serene, Social and Prospect had significantly positive effects on the stress restoration of forest parks (3) there was no significant difference in the effect of the eight PSDs on the stress restoration between different stress groups; (4) stress restoration was influenced by visitors’ gender, age, visit frequency and visit duration. These findings can offer references for managers to improve the health benefits of forest park for visitors, and can enrich the knowledge about PSDs and stress restoration.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Linear Mixed-Effects Models to Assess the Relationship between Objective and Subjective Internal Load in Team Sports

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Alice Iannaccone ◽  
Daniele Conte ◽  
Cristina Cortis ◽  
Andrea Fusco
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Random Slopes ◽  
The Relationship

Internal load can be objectively measured by heart rate-based models, such as Edwards’ summated heart rate zones, or subjectively by session rating of perceived exertion. The relationship between internal loads assessed via heart rate-based models and session rating of perceived exertion is usually studied through simple correlations, although the Linear Mixed Model could represent a more appropriate statistical procedure to deal with intrasubject variability. This study aimed to compare conventional correlations and the Linear Mixed Model to assess the relationships between objective and subjective measures of internal load in team sports. Thirteen male youth beach handball players (15.9 ± 0.3 years) were monitored (14 training sessions; 7 official matches). Correlation coefficients were used to correlate the objective and subjective internal load. The Linear Mixed Model was used to model the relationship between objective and subjective measures of internal load data by considering each player individual response as random effect. Random intercepts were used and then random slopes were added. The likelihood-ratio test was used to compare statistical models. The correlation coefficient for the overall relationship between the objective and subjective internal data was very large (r = 0.74; ρ = 0.78). The Linear Mixed Model using both random slopes and random intercepts better explained (p < 0.001) the relationship between internal load measures. Researchers are encouraged to apply the Linear Mixed Models rather than correlation to analyze internal load relationships in team sports since it allows for the consideration of the individuality of players.

Size-related boldness is not altered by stomach flushing in a terrestrial salamander

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sebastiano Salvidio ◽  
Andrea Costa ◽  
Fabrizio Oneto
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Animal Personality ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Linear Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trophic Strategy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Animal personality is a relatively neglected field in amphibian research. In this study we assessed the influence of stomach flushing, a non-lethal technique used in amphibian dietary studies, on the boldness behaviour of the cave salamander Speleomantes strinatii. The time of emergence from a shelter located in an unfamiliar environment (a proxy for individual boldness) was measured in 26 cave salamanders before and after stomach flushing, while 14 non-flushed salamanders were tested as controls. Boldness was a repeatable behaviour for salamanders and larger individuals emerged from their shelter more rapidly than smaller ones. Linear mixed model analysis showed that flushing, sex and body condition had no effect on this behaviour. These findings are promising in the framework of the study of salamander personality. In particular, our results will be useful when exploring the relationship between individual trophic strategy and boldness, aggression or exploration behaviours in terrestrial salamanders.

scholarly journals Personality Correlates of Optimism among Couples

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseem Ahmad ◽  
Azmat Jahan ◽  
Nasheed Imtiaz
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Eysenck Personality Inventory ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Orientation Test

This study aimed to examine the relationship between optimism and personality traits (extraversion-introversion, emotional stability-neuroticism and psychoticism) among couples. The study sample consisted of 30 couples, N=60 (30 males and 30 females) with age ranging from 22 to 28 years were selected from the various places of Delhi NCR. For assessing personality traits, Eysenck Personality Inventory-Revised (EPI-R) by Hans Eysenck was employed and for assessing optimism, Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) developed by Scheier, Carver, and Bridges (1994) was used. Results of the present study were analysed using Pearson-r correlation and t test. Results of study revealed that:  there is a significant positive correlation between optimism and extraversion (personality traits), (r=.368) and no significant correlation between any other constructs of personality and optimism.  Also, there is no significant difference found between male and female on any of the personality traits (extraversion, (t=.912); neuroticism, (t=-.134); and psychoticism, (t=-.423).) and optimism, (t=1.548). The study has important implications for intervention programs.

scholarly journals Thalamic white matter macrostructure and subnuclei volumes in Parkinson’s disease depression

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bhome ◽  
A. Zarkali ◽  
G. E. C. Thomas ◽  
J. E. Iglesias ◽  
J. H. Cole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Generalised Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Antidepressant Use ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractDepression is a common non-motor feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) which confers significant morbidity and is challenging to treat. The thalamus is a key component in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical network critical to the pathogenesis of PD and depression but the precise thalamic subnuclei involved in PD depression have not been identified. We performed structural and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) on 76 participants with PD to evaluate the relationship between PD depression and grey and white matter thalamic subnuclear changes. We used a thalamic segmentation method to divide the thalamus into its 50 constituent subnuclei (25 each hemisphere). Fixel-based analysis was used to calculate mean fibre cross-section (FC) for white matter tracts connected to each subnucleus. We assessed volume and FC at baseline and 14–20 months follow-up. A generalised linear mixed model was used to evaluate the relationship between depression, subnuclei volume and mean FC for each thalamic subnucleus. We found that depression scores in PD were associated with lower right pulvinar anterior (PuA) subnucleus volume. Antidepressant use was associated with higher right PuA volume suggesting a possible protective effect of treatment. After follow-up, depression scores were associated with reduced white matter tract macrostructure across almost all tracts connected to thalamic subnuclei. In conclusion, our work implicates the right PuA as a relevant neural structure in PD depression and future work should evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target for PD depression.

scholarly journals The examination of the personality traits and optimal performance mood of the university athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
A. Ceviker ◽  
K. Ozlu ◽  
G. Deryahanoglu ◽  
C. Demirdoken ◽  
H. Turkay
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Correlation Test ◽  
Weekly Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Study Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between personality traits and optimal performance mood in response to gender, sports branch, weekly training hours of the athletes competing in the university league variables. Material and Methods: A total of 250 volunteer athletes from 17 universities, 75 female and 175 male, participated in the study. 95 of the athletes are basketball and 155 are volleyball players. In addition to the personal information form which includes demographic information prepared by the researchers, “Optimal Performance Mood Scale” developed by Jackson and Eklund (2004) and adapted to Turkish by Aşçı et al. (2007) and “5-factor personality traits scale” developed by Benet-Martinez, John (1998) and adapted to Turkish by Schmitt, Allik, McCrae and Benet-Martinez (2007) were applied to the participants. Frequency analysis was applied in order to determine the participants’ demographic information based on the statistical data analysis, and unpaired t-test was applied to determine the personal traits and optimal performance mood scores in response to gender, branch, weekly training sessions. Furthermore, in order to determine the relationship between that personal traits and optimal performance moods correlation test was applied. Statistical significance level was accepted as p <0.05. Results: As a result of the analysis of the data obtained; while there was no significant difference between the athletes according to the gender variable, it was concluded that there was a significant difference between sports branch, weekly sport variables and personality traits and optimal performance moods. In addition, a positive correlation was found between the participants' personality traits and optimal performance moods as a result of the correlation test (r=0,608). Conclusions: This study has proved that personality traits and optimal performance moods effect one another positively and gender variable makes no significant difference. Yet, sport branches and weekly training hours makes meaningful differences between general and subscales scores.

scholarly journals The nasopharyngeal, ruminal, and vaginal microbiota and the core taxa shared across these microbiomes in virgin yearling heifers exposed to divergent in utero nutrition during their first trimester of gestation and in pregnant beef heifers in response to mineral supplementation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samat Amat ◽  
Devin B Holman ◽  
Kaycie Schmidt ◽  
Ana Clara B Menezes ◽  
Friederike Baumgaertner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Significant Difference

Emerging evidence has indicated that microbial transmission from the bovine dam to her fetus may take place before birth, and that the maternal microbiota during pregnancy modulates programming of fetal metabolic and nervous system development, highlighting the potential and extended role of the maternal microbiome in calf health and development. In the present study, we characterized the nasopharyngeal, ruminal and vaginal microbiota from two cohorts of beef heifers managed at the same location: 1) virgin yearling heifers (9 months old) born from dams received gestational diets which resulted in low (LG, n = 22) or medium (MG, n = 23) weight gain during the first 84 days of gestation; and 2) pregnant replacement heifers that received a vitamin and mineral supplement (VTM, n = 17) or not (Control, n = 15) during the first 6 months of gestation. Nasopharyngeal and vaginal swabs as well as ruminal fluid were collected from both cohorts and the microbiota of each sample was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In addition to the comparison between treatment groups within each cohort, the similarity of the microbiota of the three sample types were evaluated, and shared taxa amongst these communities were identified. The bacterial genera present in the rumen and vagina that can influence methanogenic archaeal genera were predicted using a stepwise-selected generalized linear mixed model. No significant difference was observed in the alpha and beta diversity in any of the nasopharyngeal, ruminal and vaginal microbiota between LG and MG offspring virgin heifers, or between the control and VTM pregnant heifers (p > 0.05). Subtle compositional changes in the vaginal microbiota in yearling heifers, and in the nasopharyngeal and ruminal microbiota of pregnant heifers were detected in response to treatments. Forty-one archaeal and bacterial OTUs were shared by over 60% of all samples from both virgin and pregnant heifers. Two taxa within the Methanobrevibacter genus were identified as core taxa and this genus was more relatively abundant in pregnant heifers compared to virgin heifers. Among the 25 top genera, Prevotella and Prevotella UCG-003 (negative) and Christensenellaceae R-7 group (positive) were predicted to have a significant effect on ruminal Methanobrevibacter spp. The results of this study indicate that there is little impact of divergent gestational nutrition during the first trimester on the calf microbiome at 9 months postnatal, and that VTM supplementation during pregnancy may not alter the maternal microbiome. This study provides evidence that there are several microbial taxa, including methanogenic archaea, that are shared across the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive tracts, suggesting the need for a holistic evaluation of the bovine microbiota when considering potential maternal sources for seeding calves with pioneer microbiota.

The Effect of Uncoupled Sleep and Dysfunctional Sleep Beliefs on Sleep Outcomes in Older Adults following Online Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: A Single-Group Non-randomized Trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Kutzer ◽  
Lisa Whitehead ◽  
Eimear Quigley ◽  
Shih Ching Fu ◽  
Mandy Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Subjective Sleep

BACKGROUND The current Covid-19 pandemic has brought about a marked interest in sleep health, as well as an increased demand for telehealth services, such as online Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). Older adults in particular report a high rate of sleep problems. Recent studies have suggested that dysfunctional sleep beliefs could contribute to the high rates of self-reported insomnia in this age group. In addition, older adults have an increased rate of uncoupled sleep, e.g. displaying an insomnia complaint in the absence of objectively measured poor sleep. It is essential to determine the prevalence of coupled and uncoupled sleep in older adults and to examine the efficacy of online CBT-I to improve sleep outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess objective and subjective sleep quality and dysfunctional sleep beliefs in a sample of community-dwelling older adults aged 60-80 years with and without uncoupled sleep in Western Australia following digitally delivered CBT-I. METHODS Objective sleep was measured using wrist actigraphy, and subjective sleep quality via sleep diaries and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Dysfunctional sleep beliefs were assessed by the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep scale (DBAS-16) prior to and following a four-week online CBT-I programme. Linear mixed model and generalised linear mixed model analyses were conducted to examine objective and subjective sleep onset latency, total sleep time, wake after sleep onset and number of awakenings as well as PSQI and DBAS16 scores, respectively. RESULTS 62 participants (55 females; 88.7%) completed the study. CBT-I effectively reduced dysfunctional sleep beliefs and PSQI scores across all sleep classifications, even in good sleepers without a sleep complaint. Objective and self-reported changes in sleep parameters were mainly demonstrated in complaining poor sleepers. Complaining good sleepers reported a decrease in the number of subjective sleep awakenings only. CONCLUSIONS Online CBT-I was effective in improving the sleep outcomes of individuals who had both subjective and objective poor sleep. However, as the online CBT-I reduced dysfunctional sleep beliefs in all sleep groups, further examination of dysfunctional sleep beliefs and whether they mediate the outcomes of digital CBT-I in older adults will need to be conducted. CLINICALTRIAL Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), ACTRN 12619001509156; http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=378451 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-32705

Abstract NS10: Patients with Mild and Moderate Stroke Have Frequent, Severe, and Persistent Impairment in Information Processing Speed

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Alderman ◽  
Terri Armstrong ◽  
Geri Wood ◽  
Sean Savitz ◽  
Joshua Breier
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mild Stroke

Background: One year after stroke 50-70% of survivors have information processing speed (IPS) impairment. IPS is a complex, elemental cognitive function with close but separate relationships with memory, attention, executive function, reading, and writing. IPS impairment can be devastating, even without physical deficits. Hypothesis: The frequency and severity of IPS impairment in patients with acute stroke is unrelated to stroke severity. Methods: In a longitudinal study, 30 adults with acute mild (NIHSS <5) versus moderate stroke (NIHSS 5-12) were assessed for IPS and memory impairments at three time points (< 72 hours, Week 3, and Week 12). The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) was the primary IPS instrument, scores below the norm (51-62 points) indicate impairment. Results: Using linear mixed model regression, no significant difference was noted between patients with mild and moderate stroke in frequency and severity of IPS impairment (p=0.2). All patients had baseline abnormal SDMT scores, improving 21% by Week 12 (p=.005) with one patient scoring as unimpaired (51 points). Patients with mild stroke (n=18) had baseline scores on average 53% lower than SDMT norm (mean score 24 (12), [95% CI] 6 [18, 30], Standard Error (SEM) 3) and 32% lower at Week 12 (mean 34 (11), [95% CI] 5 [29, 40], SEM 3). Patients with moderate stroke (n=12) had baseline SDMT scores 60% lower than norm (mean 21 (11), [95% CI] 6 [15, 27], SEM 3) and 39% lower by Week 12 (mean 31 (12), [95% CI] 7 [25, 38], SEM 3). Memory impairment at enrollment (<72 hours post stroke) was noted in 100% of patients with moderate stroke and 78% of patients with mild stroke; at Week 12 the frequency of memory impairment was equal in both groups (67%). Conclusion: IPS were critically impaired, in both mild and moderate stroke, with minimal spontaneous recovery at Week 12. IPS impairment is clinically significant during stroke recovery. IPS impairment should be considered in the planning of healthcare of stroke victims even with mild stroke.

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