scholarly journals Production and Quantification of Virulence Factors in Malassezia Species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inès Hadrich ◽  
Sourour Neji ◽  
Houaida Trablesi ◽  
Amin Ilahi ◽  
Taieb Chouaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lipase Gene ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Malassezia Species ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Genes Encoding

Abstract A total of 77 strains of Malassezia were included in this study. Biofilm production and hydrolytic enzymes were studied by using specific solid media. Real-time Reverse Transcriptase qPCR method was applied to determine overexpression of genes encoding extracellular enzyme. All included Malassezia species produced biofilms. No statistical significant difference was observed between biofilm formation of the Malassezia species (P = 0.567) . All Malassezia species produced lipase and 95% of M. globosa showed a strong enzymatic activity (Pz=0.55 ± 0.02). Statistical significant difference was observed between the mean keratinase indices of M. slooffiae and the others Malassezia species ( P = 0.005). The overexpression of one or more genes was observed in 100% of strains isolated from patients with folliculitis, in 87.5% for pityriasis versicolor isolates and in 57.14% for the control group isolates. A statistical significant difference of the lipase gene expression ( P = 0.072) was associated with the strains collected from patients with folliculitis vs group control. This investigation provides more information about the frequency of the production of the major enzymes considered to be virulence factors of Malassezia species. Interestingly, the overexpression of one or more genes was observed in strains isolated from patients with Malassezia disorder.

An in Vivo Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite and Biopure MTAD™ against Enterococcus Faecalis in Primary Teeth: A qPCR Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
SG Tulsani ◽  
N Chikkanarasaiah ◽  
S Bethur
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Root Canal Irrigant

Objectives: Biopure MTAD™, a new root canal irrigant has shown promising results against the most common resistant microorganism, E. faecalis, in permanent teeth. However, there is lack of studies comparing its antimicrobial effectiveness with NaOCl in primary teeth. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vivo antimicrobial efficacy of NaOCl 2.5% and Biopure MTAD™ against E. faecalis in primary teeth. Study design: Forty non vital single rooted primary maxillary anterior teeth of children aged 4-8 years, were irrigated either with NaOCl 2.5% (n=15), Biopure MTAD™ (n=15) and 0.9% Saline (n=10, control group). Paper point samples were collected at baseline (S1) and after chemomechanical preparation (S2) during the pulpectomy procedure. The presence of E. faecalis in S1 & S2 was evaluated using Real time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results: Statistical significant difference was found in the antimicrobial efficacy of NaOCl 2.5 % and BioPure MTAD™ when compared to saline (p>0.05). However, no statistical significant difference was found between the efficacies of both the irrigants. Conclusions: NaOCl 2.5% and BioPure MTAD™, both irrigants are equally efficient against E. faecalis in necrotic primary anterior teeth. MTAD is a promising irrigant, however clinical studies are required to establish it as ideal root canal irrigant in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) Level in Presence of Ovarian Endometrioma

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Nesma F. Radwan ◽  
Ahmed M. El Khyat ◽  
Adel E. El Gergawy ◽  
Hesham A. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact

Background: The effect of endometriomas itself on the ovarian responsiveness that relate to ovarian reserve had been reported with several inconsistent results. In one study evaluated women with unilateral endometriomas, ovaries with disease showed lower response to ovarian stimulation than contralateral healthy ovaries .However, recent study on infertile women with un-operated unilateral small endometriomas did not support difference in ovarian responsiveness. The aim was to evaluate the impact of presence of endometriomas on ovarian reserve as measured by circulating AMH. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on 80 female patients in childbearing period attending outpatient clinic and/or inpatient department of obstetrics and gynecology at Tanat University Hospital and the study was conducted directly after approval in the period from Apri, 2019 till April 2020. Group (A): Study group: 60 female patients aged between 20 to 30 years old GROUP (B): Control group: 20 age matched female with healthy ovaries. Results: there is no statistical significant difference between groups as regard Menarche (years), Regularity and Amount of menstrual blood flow. There is statistical significant difference between groups as regard fixed tender Right Ventricular Failure. But there are no statistical significant differences between groups as regard nodule in rectovaginal septum, fixed tender adnexal masses, association with adenomyosis and infertility. There is highly statistical significant difference between case and control groups as regard AMH levels. there are highly statistical significant positive correlation between duration of endometriosis and each of presence of pelvic pain, cyst diameter and Visual Analogue Scale. Conclusions:    Women with endometrioma have significantly lower serum AMH levels and seem to experience a more rapid decline in serum AMH levels than age matched counterparts, suggesting a harmful effect of endometrioma per se on ovarian reserve.

Effect of Nutrition Education Programme on Food-Related-Knowledge and Attitudes of Literate Women in Pankshin Community, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Audu Andrew Jatau
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Unit Plans

The study investigated the effect of nutrition education programme on food-related- knowledge and attitudes of literate women in Pankshin community. The non-randomized control group pretest posttest quasi-experimental design was employed for the study. The instruments for data collection were a self developed 53 items nutritional knowledge and attitude questionnaire (NKAQ) and 24 content 12 weeks unit plans. The findings of the study showed that there was statistical significant difference between the mean scores of the nutritional knowledge of women exposed to nutrition education programme (NEP) and those not exposed to NEP. There was statistical significant difference between the mean scores of the nutritional attitudes of the women exposed to NEP and those not exposed to NEP. Level of education has no significant influence on the nutritional attitudes of the women. Age has no significant influence on the nutritional attitudes of the women. Based on these findings, suggestions were proffered on ways to curtail the problems of nutritional disorders.

scholarly journals Effect of Using Scientific Stations Strategy in Developing Deductive Thinking of Intermediate School Students in General Sciences

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Heba Mohammed Saleh Al-Hafidh
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intermediate School ◽  
School Students ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Experimental Group

The study aimed to know the effect of using the Scientific stations strategy in developing Deductive thinking of intermediate school students in the science subject. To achieve the aim of the research, the researcher used experimental design with two equal groups, the research sample consisted of (65) intermediate-grade students in Al Nidhal school for boys represented by (30) students of the experimental group and (35) students for the control group, the researcher equivalence of the two research groups with a set of variables including (Intelligence, parents ’educational level, previous achievement, age calculated by months and pre-test for Deductive thinking), to verify the research aim the researcher put the two hypotheses as following : 1- There is no statistical significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the scores mean of the members of the experimental group and the members of the control group in the post test of Deductive thinking. 2- There is no statistical significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean difference between the (pre and post) tests of both experimental and control groups in the Deductive thinking test. To verify the research hypotheses, the researcher prepared a test for Deductive thinking consisting of (20) items the researcher applied the test of Deductive thinking, collected the data, and tabulated it in tables for statistical processing and the results indicated: 1- There is a statistical significant difference between the scores mean of students in both groups in the Deductive thinking test and in favor of the experimental group. 2- There is a statistical significant difference between the mean difference between the two tests (pre - post) and in favor of the experimental group.

scholarly journals Effect of mobile learning on academic achievement and attitude of Sudanese dental students: a preliminary study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nissreen Nugud Mergany ◽  
Alam-Elhuda Dafalla ◽  
Elhadi Awooda
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Mobile Learning ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test

Abstract Background Despite the great development of smart phone programs and applications, and the wide-spread of these devices among students, their use for the educational purposes remains weak. The study aimed to investigate to what extent utilizing mobile learning as an adjunct to classic classroom lectures affect students’ academic achievement and, to assess their attitude toward using mobile application as an instructional method in dental education. Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted among undergraduate dental students from two Sudanese universities. A total of 67 students who voluntarily agreed to participate were randomly allocated into a control group of 33 and an intervention group of 34 students. Initially, the two groups undertook a pre-test to ensure the standardization of a scale regarding their existing academic knowledge of dental surgery forceps used for tooth extraction. Then the intervention group was provided with a mobile application (Dental Surgical Forceps application version 2.1.0.0), and 3 weeks later a post-test was given for both groups. The attitude of the students toward the effectiveness of mobile learning was as assessed by five-point Likert scale questionnaire. For comparison of the numerical parametric data, a T. test was used, while for non-parametric categorical data a Chi-Squire test was used, with level of statistical significant difference set at P-value of ≤0.05. Results The response rate was 91% for the intervention group (31 out of 34 students completed the study), and 78% for the control group (26 out of 33 students completed the study). Statistical significant difference was observed between the pretest and post-test mean scores of the intervention group (P < 0.005), while the differences were not significant among the control group (P > 0.05). Regarding the attitude of the dental students, the mean scores of the sample indicate that the vast majority of the participants (93.5%) showed positive attitude regarding the effectiveness of mobile learning. Conclusions There is a marked difference in the students’ scores regarding their knowledge of dental surgical forceps. The students showed positive attitude toward using the mobile application.

Pathogenesis of fungal disease

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C. Odds
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Virulence ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Different Strains

The pathogenesis of fungal disease involves an interplay between fungal virulence factors and host immune responses. Most fungal pathogens are opportunists that preferentially invade hosts with immune defects, but the fact that relative pathogenicity varies between fungal species (and even between different strains within a species) is evidence that fungi have evolved multiple, different molecular virulence factors. Experiments in which genes encoding putative virulence attributes are specifically disrupted and the resulting mutants are tested for virulence in a range of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts have identified or confirmed many gene products as significant for the pathogenesis of various types of fungal disease. These include factors determining fungal shape in vivo, biofilm formation, and a plethora of surface components, including adhesins and hydrolytic enzymes. This chapter provides an overview of fungal virulence attributes.

scholarly journals The Effect of Static Magnetic Field on Growth and Biochemical Indices of Five Fungal Genera

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Zainab Abbas Ali ◽  
Abdul Ghani I. Yahya ◽  
Abdul Wahid Sh. Jabir
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Static Magnetic Field ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observable Effect ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biochemical Indices

The effect of static magnetic field (MF) on the growth and biochemical indices of five fungal genera were studied. Exposing the above genera to the northern pole, southern pole and both poles and their influences were compared with the control treatment (without MF energy). The static MF of 10 gauss was applied to the above fungal genera for seven days at 28°C. The effect of static MF energy on the growth of fungal genera on solid media Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) was classified as stimulatory, inhibitory and no observable effect on growth of fungal genera. The effects of MF poles (southern, northern and both) inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum, while the MF poles stimulated the growth of fungal genera (Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternate and Penicillium chrysogenium) and had no observable effect of southern pole and both poles on growth of Rhizopus oryzae, while the northern pole inhibited the growth of R. oryzae compared with control group by measuring the growth diameter (cm). The effects of MF poles on the biochemical indices of the fungal genera were performed by filtering the growth and measuring the enzyme activity in the filterate. Exposing the fungal genera to the northern pole, southern pole. The fungal genera were influenced by MF energy for 3 days at 28°C and pH6.5 showed increased in the activities of amylase and protease due to northern pole at significant difference (at the 0.05 levels), the northern pole increased amylase activity (U/ml) in the culture medium filteratedof P. chrysogenumup to (0.246 U/ml) higher than other mentioned genera, A. niger, F. oxysporum, R. oryzae and A. alternata 0.172, 0.146, 0.116, 0.105U/ml respectively. The northern pole increased protease activity (U/ml) in the culture filterate of P. chrysogenumup to (0.081 U/ml) higher than other mentioned genera, A. niger, A. alternata , R. oryzae and F. oxysporum 0.08, 0.074, 0.056,0.054U/ml respectively and decreased when treated with southern pole however it was higher than the control treatment under optimum condition.

The association of the IL-1β-31 polymorphism and the development of neuroinfections

10.20883/156 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Grażyna Biesiada ◽  
Jacek Czepiel ◽  
Anna Piątek ◽  
Malwina Birczyńska ◽  
Justyna Żurańska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Wbc Count

Introduction. Inflammation of the meninges can have various clinical courses, from mild, self‑limiting in some viral neuroinfections to severe, sometimes ending in death. The pro‑inflammatory cascade and defects in the inhibitors of the inflammatory response play an important prognostic role. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the genes encoding cytokines, influence the severity of the inflammatory response.Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of selected polymorphisms of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF‑α and IL-8 on the development of neuroinfections.Material and Methods. We evaluated the laboratory results of 30 patients treated for bacterial and viral meningitis and compared those to 30 healthy volunteers. The following 4 variants were analyzed for occurrence of genetic polymorphism in patients with meningitis versus the control group: IL-1β 3953, IL-1β -31, TNF‑α -308, and IL-8 781. Then, we assessed the association between these genetic polymorphisms and the inflammatory response during the course of meningitis.Results and Conclusions. We observed that polymorphism of the IL-1β-31 significantly differs between patients and healthy subjects, the IL-1β -31AA polymorphism existed only in healthy individuals (p < 0.001). The WBC count was dependent on the TNF‑α -308 polymorphism with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.021) occurring among persons with variants AA and AG. In conclusion the study showed that the presence of the AA genotype of IL-1β-31polymorphism may have a protective effect on the development of meningitis. This polymorphism was not observed in any patient with meningitis.

scholarly journals The association of the IL-1ß-31 polymorphism and the development of neuroinfections

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-293
Author(s):  
Grażyna Biesiada ◽  
Jacek Czepiel ◽  
Anna Piątek ◽  
Malwina Birczyńska ◽  
Justyna Żurańska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Wbc Count

Introduction. Inflammation of the meninges can have various clinical courses, from mild, self-limiting in some viral neuroinfections to severe, sometimes ending in death. The pro-inflammatory cascade and defects in the inhibitors of the inflammatory response play an important prognostic role. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the genes encoding cytokines, influence the severity of the inflammatory response.Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of selected polymorphisms of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, TNF-? and IL-8 on the development of neuroinfections.Material and Methods. We evaluated the laboratory results of 30 patients treated for bacterial and viral meningitis and compared those to 30 healthy volunteers. The following 4 variants were analyzed for occurrence of genetic polymorphism in patients with meningitis versus the control group: IL-1ß 3953, IL-1ß -31, TNF-? -308, and IL-8 781. Then, we assessed the association between these genetic polymorphisms and the inflammatory response during the course of meningitis.Results and Conclusions. We observed that polymorphism of the IL-1ß-31 significantly differs between patients and healthy subjects, the IL-1ß -31AA polymorphism existed only in healthy individuals (p < 0.001). The WBC count was dependent on the TNF-? -308 polymorphism with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.021) occurring among persons with variants AA and AG. In conclusion the study showed that the presence of the AA genotype of IL-1ß-31polymorphism may have a protective effect on the development of meningitis. This polymorphism was not observed in any patient with meningitis.

scholarly journals Effects of 8 Weeks of Plyometric Exercise on Certain Physiological Parameters and Performance of Swimmers

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yildirim Gokhan Gencer ◽  
Emre Can Igdir ◽  
Serdar Sahin ◽  
Fatih Eris
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Plyometric Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vertical Leap ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

In this study, it is aimed to review the effects of 8 week plyometric exercises on certain physiological parameters and freestyle swimming performance of swimmers of age 10-11 who practice swimming with a licence in city of Van. Study group has been created by 24 male volunteer swimmers who practice swimming with a licence in city of Van. 24 volunteer athletes aged 10-11, who are licenced swimmers for two years and who exercise regularly 5 days a week have been selected for the study. The athletes are randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 12. Throughout the study, in addition to swimming exercises, experimental group is scheduled to 3 days a week plyometric exercise program. Control group is not given any additional exercise except from the swimming exercises. It is seen that the obtained data does not show normal distribution and non-parametric tests of Mann Whitney U and Wilcoxon Test are used for data analysis. Significance level is taken as p<0,05. As per obtained data, pretest and post test data of male swimmers of experimental group show that horizontal and vertical leaps, anaerobic power, 30m sprint, hand grip right and left, 25 and 50 m freestyle swimming parameters showed statistical significant difference; whereas for control group, weight, height, body mass index, anaerobic power and right and left hand grip force parameters showed statistical significant difference (p<0,05). When the pretest and posttests of experimental and control groups are compared, only vertical leap parameter showed significant difference in favor of the experimental group (p<0,05) and for the other parameters, no statistical significant difference is seen (p>0,05).      As a result, it is seen that the 8 week plyometric exercise has a significant effect on vertical leap and even though not statistically significant, it is pondered that it has a positive effect on freestyle swimming duration of experimental group, compared to that of control group.

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