scholarly journals Effects of Ursodeoxycholic Acid on the Biodistribution and Excretion of Various Technetium-99m Radiopharmaceuticals in Rat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon-Hee Han ◽  
Hwan-Jeong Jeong ◽  
Eun-Mi Kim ◽  
Fatima Boud ◽  
Seok Tae Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Dynamic Imaging ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Technetium 99M ◽  
H 30

Abstract Background In previous studies, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) accelerated the biliary excretion of technetium-99m (Tc-99m) hepatobiliary radiopharmaceutical and increased F-18 fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) excretion from various organs. As an extension of the previous studies, the present study investigated the effect of oral administration of UDCA on the biodistribution and excretion of various Tc-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals. Materials Sixty rats were randomly assigned to the Control or UDCA groups. Tc-99m HDP, Tc-99m pertechnetate, and Tc-99m DMSA were injected via the tail vein. Thirty min after the injection, the Control group was administered normal saline and the UDCA group was given 5 mg or 10 mg of UDCA orally. Thirty min, and 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after administration of saline or UDCA, images were acquired using a gamma camera. Images were analyzed by drawing a region of interest (ROI) in the relevant organs depending on the type of radiopharmaceutical used. Four imaging parameters, Radioactivity, Rate of change (%), Rate of change by section (%), and Radioactivity/net injection dose (Radioactivity/ID (%)) were compared between groups. To investigate the action of UDCA on radiotracer excretion in the kidneys and from the soft tissues, Tc-99m MAG3 dynamic imaging was performed and Radioactivity and Radioactivity/total body activity (Radioactivity/TBA (%)) of the soft tissue, both kidneys, and the bladder were compared. Results In the image analysis of Tc-99m HDP with 10 mg of UDCA, Radioactivity, and Radioactivity/ID (%) of the buttock was lower in the UDCA group at 4 h (P = 0.019, P = 0.031). Similar effects were also found in the Tc-99m HDP experiments with 5 mg of UDCA. Rate of change (%) of buttock Radioactivity was significantly different at 3 h − 30 min and 4 h − 30 min and buttock Radioactivity in the UDCA group decreased more substantially (P = 0.008, P = 0.024). In the image analysis of Tc-99m pertechnetate, Radioactivity of the buttock was higher in the Control group at 1, 3, and 4 h. Rates of change (%) in the thyroid gland and the buttock were different at 1 h – 30 min, 3 h – 30 min, and 4 h − 30 min and Radioactivity in the UDCA group decreased more substantially. Radioactivity/ID (%) was statistically different in the buttock at 4 h (P = 0.041). In the image analysis of Tc-99m DMSA, Radioactivity of the kidney increased in the UDCA group at 1 h – 30 min, while that in the Control group showed little change. In the analysis of the Tc-99m MAG3 dynamic images, Radioactivity and Radioactivity/TBA (%) of the kidney were significantly higher in the UDCA group at 2 min (P = 0.014, P = 0.035). At 5 and 10 min, Radioactivity/TBA (%) of the soft tissue in the UDCA group was lower than that of the Control group (P = 0.001, P = 0.022). At 20, 25, and 30 min, there was no difference in Radioactivity and Radioactivity/TBA (%) of soft tissue, both kidneys, and the bladder. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that administration of UDCA increases renal excretion and soft tissue clearance of Tc-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals. This investigation could contribute to broadening of the field of pharmacologic application of UDCA.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effect of collagen (amino acid) and amnion (proteinase inhibitor) on the wound healing of soft tissues

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weko Adhiarto ◽  
Sunardhi Mangundjaja ◽  
Makmuri Yusuf ◽  
Bambang Pontjo
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Collagen Synthesis ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
The Mean

The wound healing process of the soft tissue aims to accelerate the closing of the wound by recurring, restoring the function, and minimizing the scar tissue. This process has to occur in the surgery process to obtain better-wound healing. The aim of this study was to know the stimulation effect of the wound dressing to accelerate the wound healing process of the soft tissue using Collagen (amino acid) and Amnion (proteinase inhibitors). This true experimental study was done to 36 mice (Sprague Dawley) that were divided into three different groups, two groups were the treatment groups and one group was the control group. Each group was adapted in Pathology Laboratory of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bogor Agricultural University. All of the mice were injured on the skin by incising the right side of the back for 2 cm in length and 4 mm in depth and then cleaned with 0.9% NaCl solution. To the first group of treatment, the wound was applicated by Amnion, and the second group was applicated by Collagen. Each 4 mice of all group were a termination by ether and encryption on the wounded tissue was conducted on day 3rd, 7th, and 14th. Assessment for a number of fibroblast and collagen synthesis on the wound of back tissue was conducted with the histological examination by painted using hematoxylin-eosin. The results concluded that Collagen application was influencing the mean of fibroblast higher than Amnion, and the lowest was controlled with statistically significant. The mean of collagen used Collagen lower than Amnion, and the lowest was control with statistically significant. It could be concluded that collagen application was preeminent in increasing the productivity of the fibroblast, as well as in developing forms of the collagen synthesis compared with Amnion and control.

scholarly journals Emergency Soft Tissue Reconstruction Algorithm in Patients With Open Tibia Fractures

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 364-374
Author(s):  
P.A. Ivanov ◽  
E.U. Shibaev ◽  
A.V. Nevedrov ◽  
A.P. Vlasov ◽  
M.P. Lasarev
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Soft Tissue Defect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Soft Tissue Reconstruction ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Tissue Defect ◽  
Tissue Reconstruction ◽  
Tibia Fractures

Introduction: Tactic of emergency closing of soft tissue defect allows to significantly improve the treatment results concerning patients with severe open fractures. However, a number of certain factors make the implementation of this tactic rather difficult. Injured people’s unstable conditions are mong these crucial factors which include, polytrauma in lots of cases, absence of exact recommendations for recovery terms, choice of definite tissue flaps and a type of circulation. The Aim of Study: is to develop exact, usable and in practice algorithm of emergency reconstruction of leg soft tissues in patients with severe open tibia fractures, based on the usage of the most foolproof and simple methods. Data (Patients) and Methods: 85 patients with open tibia fractures complicated by soft tissue defects were included in our study. Patients were divided into two groups. The control group consisted of 56 patients. Soft tissue reconstruction in this group was provided without an exact algorithm, after continuous attempts on local healing. After analyzing the treatment process and the treatment results we have developed the algorithm of emergency soft tissue reconstruction. It was used in 29 patients (the study group). This algorithm allows choosing optimal timing for tissue reconstruction and appropriate method to be applied, depending on the patient’s condition, the mechanism of soft tissue defect formation, and its square and localization. Results: We observed a statistical decrease in deep wound infection frequency, partial tibia necrosis frequency, chronic osteomyelitis frequency, duration of hospitalization in patients with severe open tibia fractures because of using our algorithm.

scholarly journals SANOGENETIC AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LOCAL APPLICATION OF HYALURONIC ACID IN EXPERIMENTAL SOFT TISSUE COMPRESSION TRAUMA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
I. A. Shperling ◽  
A. V. Shulepov ◽  
N. V. Shperling ◽  
Yu. V. Yurkevich ◽  
O. Yu. Kuzmina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Local Application ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Repair System ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Compression Injury ◽  
Tissue Compression

Regional activation of cellular repair systems, including local application of hyaluronic acid, is a promising direction for the sanogenesis of muscle injuries. Purpose: to identify the sanogenetic and pharmacological effects of local application of hyaluronic acid in experimental soft tissue compression trauma. Compression injury was simulated by mechanical compression of the right pelvic limb of a rat at the level of the lower leg for 7 hours with a pressure force of 10-12 kg/cm2. Further, the animals were divided into 2 groups: 3 hours after decompression, animals in the main group were injected with 3.5% hyaluronic acid (the drug «Hyalift 3.5») by fan-pricking with a sterile disposable syringe at 5-6 points to a depth of 0.5-0.8 cm in a volume of up to 0.1 ml at each point; rats in the control group were given a similar method and an equivalent volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The level of myoglobin in the blood, microcirculation, histomorphological and immuno- histochemical characteristics of tissues in the compression area were studied. A comprehensive analysis of the results of the study allowed us to establish that early local administration of 3.5% hyaluronic acid to the area of compression damage of soft tissues (3 hours after decompression) has a muscle-protecting effect, activates the repair system of damaged skeletal muscles. It is concluded that the sanogenetic effect of hyaluronic acid is mediated by the mecha- nisms of its pharmacological action: activation of angiogenesis, improvement of in situ efficiency of microcirculation and metabolism, reduction of the severity of primary and secondary necrosis and about traumatic disorders, activation of regeneration of damaged muscle fibers with the formation of muscle tissue. Hyaluronic acid is an active stimulant of reparative processes in the perspective of pharmacotherapy and may be a promising component in the local correction of extensive traumatic injuries.

CARBOXY-LYMPHOTROPIC THERAPY IN TREATMENT OF SURGICAL SOFT TISSUE INFECTIONS OF LOWER EXTREMITIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Popova ◽  
S.A. Stolyarov ◽  
V.A. Badeyan
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Infection ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Tissue Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wound Fluid ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Somatic Diseases

Introduction. So far, surgical soft tissue infection accounts for more than half of all cases seeking specialized medical attendance, and its treatment is sometimes rather difficult. The purpose of the work is to study the results of carboxy-lymphotropic therapy while treating patients with surgical soft tissue infection of the lower extremities. Materials and Methods. The study enrolled 57 patients with manifestations of surgical soft tissue infection of the lower extremities. Criteria for enrollment: patients aged 18 to 75, lack of decompensation for concomitant somatic diseases, and lack of systemic inflammatory response. Withdrawal criteria: patients with diabetes mellitus, cancer, decompensation for concomitant somatic diseases, immunodeficiency states (HIV infection, primary immunodeficiency), injecting drug use, pregnancy and lactation. All patients were divided into two groups: the main group and the control group. The main group included 29 patients who underwent carboxy-lymphotropic therapy. Patients of the control group (n=28) were treated according to the standard protocol. Patients of both groups were examined identically. The examination included the study of the wound fluid pH, bacteriological examination of the wound fluid with antibiotic sensitivity test, cytological screening and the study of the microcirculation in the affected area with a laser analyzer «LAKK – M». Results. Carboxy-lymphotropic therapy as the main treatment method allowed to reduce the duration of patients’ treatment and to accelerate the phase change in the wound process. It was proven both experimentally and clinically. Conclusion. Carboxy-lymphotropic therapy significantly improves treatment outcomes in patients with surgical soft tissue infection of the lower extremities. For patients with microcirculation disorders in the affected area, the described method should be mandatory. Keywords: surgical infection, soft tissues, carboxytherapy, lymphotropic therapy. До настоящего времени хирургические инфекции мягких тканей остаются той областью хирургии, на которую приходится более половины случаев обращения за специализированной медицинской помощью, а ее лечение представляет порой существенные трудности. Цель работы – изучить результаты применения карбокси-лимфотропной терапии при лечении пациентов с хирургической инфекцией мягких тканей нижних конечностей. Материалы и методы. Обследованы 57 пациентов с проявлениями хирургической инфекции мягких тканей нижних конечностей. Критерии включения в исследование: возраст пациентов от 18 до 75 лет, отсутствие декомпенсации по сопутствующим соматическим заболеваниям, отсутствие системной воспалительной реакции. Критерии исключения: наличие у пациентов сахарного диабета, онкологических заболеваний, декомпенсация по сопутствующим соматическим заболеваниям, иммунодефицитные состояния (ВИЧ-инфекция, первичный иммунодефицит), инъекционная наркомания, период беременности и лактации. Все пациенты были разделены на две группы – основную и контрольную. В основную вошли 29 пациентов, лечение которых осуществлялось с применением карбокси-лимфотропной терапии. Лечение 28 пациентов контрольной группы проводилось по стандартной схеме. Подход к обследованию пациентов обеих групп был одинаковым и включал в себя исследование рН раневого отделяемого, бактериологическое исследование раневого отделяемого с определением чувствительности выделенных микроорганизмов к антибиотикам, цитологическое исследование и исследование микроциркуляции зоны поражения с помощью лазерного анализатора «ЛАКК-М». Результаты. Применение карбокси-лимфотропной терапии в качестве основного метода лечения позволило сократить время пребывания пациентов на лечении, ускорить смену фаз раневого процесса, что было доказано с помощью ряда лабораторных методов, а также клинически. Выводы. Карбокси-лимфотропная терапия достоверно улучшает результаты лечения пациентов с хирургической инфекцией мягких тканей нижних конечностей. Для категории больных с нарушением микроциркуляции в зоне поражения данный способ должен являться методом выбора. Ключевые слова: хирургическая инфекция, мягкие ткани, карбокситерапия, лимфотропная терапия.

Effect of Phosphate Supplements on Soft-Tissue Calcification and Bone Turnover

1972 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenifer Jowsey ◽  
P. Balasubramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Soft Tissue Calcification ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Tissue Calcification ◽  
Long Term Study

1. The short- and long-term effects of oral phosphate supplements were studied in two groups of adult rabbits. 2. In the short-term study, compared with control animals, the bones of phosphate-supplemented rabbits showed a greater degree of porosity, and defects in the tibia created at the beginning of the study were replaced with bone tissue containing many areas of resorption. There was an increase in retention of 85Sr in the hard and soft tissues, particularly in the kidney and thoracic aorta. 3. In the long-term study, a second group of rabbits received a low calcium and phosphate intake during the control period; half of this group were then fed a low dosage of supplemental phosphate while the remaining half remained on the control diet. After a period of 6 months the bones of phosphate-supplemented animals showed increased porosity and there was an increase in 85Sr retention by the kidney compared with the control group. 4. Phosphate supplementation appears to result in secondary hyperparathyroidism and to cause soft-tissue calcification.

scholarly journals Dimensional changes of hard and soft tissue after immediate implantation in comparison with conventional tooth extraction

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Radvar ◽  
Kazem Fatemi ◽  
Reihane Abrishamchi ◽  
Amir Moeintaghavi ◽  
Sara Mohammadzade
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Vertical Changes ◽  
Immediate Implantation

Introduction: Immediate implantation in single-root teeth has been claimed to possess some benefits, especially bone preservation. The aim of this study was to evaluate ridge changes after immediate implantation in comparison with tooth extraction and dental socket healing.Methods and Materials: In this study, 21 patients with hopeless single-root teeth were selected. After impression and cast making, the patients were divided into test and control groups. Each group included twelve dental sockets. For all teeth the extraction was performed atraumatically. Measurements included bucco-lingual ridge dimensions at 3mm and 7mm apical to an imaginary line connecting the CEJs of the two adjacent teeth (CEJ line) as well as vertical distance between the mentioned line and bone crest at the misobuccal, midbuccal, distobuccal, mesiopalatal, midpalatal, and distopalatal aspects. In addition, soft tissue measurements similar to hard tissue ones were taken using stone casts and acrylic stents. In test group immediate implantation was carried out following extraction whereas in the control group dental sockets were left for natural healing. Four months after the operation, in both groups, the flap was reflected and measurements taken at baseline were repeated.Results: Vertical changes of soft tissues in test group were significantly less than control group at all points except in mid-buccal aspect (p=0.033 for mesiobuccal, p=0.026 for distobuccal, p=0.004 for midpalatal, p=0.002 mesiopalatal, p=0.022 for distopalatal, p=0.016 for distal, p=0.048 for mesial). Horizontal dimension change of soft tissue at 7mm apical to the CEJ line in test group, were also significantly less than control group (p= 0.051). Vertical changes of hard tissue, measured in all points, in test group were less than those of control group. These changes were significant in mid-buccal, mid-palatal, mesiopalatal and distopalatal points (p= 0.046, 0.029, 0.020 and 0.026 respectively). Horizontal changes of hard tissue at 3mm and 7mm apical to the CEJ line in test group were also less than control group. However, this was significant only at the 3mm point (p=0.028).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that immediate implantation is to some extent effective in reducing the expected vertical and horizontal bone and soft tissue changes occurring following conventional tooth extraction and natural socket healing. Further investigation is warranted to determine the optimum method of preventing these changes.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(3) 2016 p.335-342

scholarly journals Inkjet Oxygen-Sorption Treatment in Local Treatment Purulent Soft Tissue Wounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Dmitry Valerievich Arkhipov ◽  
Alexander Alekseevich Andreev ◽  
Dmitry Andreevich Atyakshin ◽  
Alexander Anatol'evich Glukhov ◽  
Anton Petrovich Ostroushko
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wound Surface ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Wound Area ◽  
Oxygen Sorption ◽  
Experimental Group

Relevance. Traditional treatment of septic wounds of soft tissues often leads to the development of complications, causing more than 30% of deaths after surgery. The oxidative and bacterial components have a key role in the pathogenesis of septic processes. The aim of the study was to develop a method of treatment of septic wounds, based on a combination of jet technologies, oxygenation and sorption therapy, and also to study the effectiveness of its use. Materials and methods. Studies were conducted on 120 white Wistar rats with septic wounds of soft tissue. There were 4 groups: 3 control and 1 experimental. There was no treatment in the 1st control group. Bandages and treatment of the wound with oxygen flow were performed in the 2nd control group. In the 3rd control group, bandages were performed, and the sorbent was applied to the wound surface. In the experimental group, in addition to dressings, jet oxygen-sorption treatment of the wound surface was carried out. The study of the effectiveness of the method was carried out using objective, histological, histochemical, bacteriological and statistical methods. Result. During the jet oxygen-sorption treatment of the wound surface, the disappearance of hyperemia was noted by 23.1%, the end of necrolysis - by 25.7%, the appearance of granulation - by 24.3%, wound epithelization - by 17.0% faster, compared with the data of the 1st control group. Conclusion. Use of the method the jet oxygen-sorption treatment for the treatment of septic wounds of soft tissues reduced the wound area by 1 day by 4.8%, 3 day by 6.7%, to 7-days 19.1% and to 10-day 43.9% compared to the 3rd control group.

X-ray densitometric aspects of diagnosis of ulnar epicondylitis

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
V. N. Druzhinin ◽  
V. G. Suvorov ◽  
A. N. Cherny ◽  
S. N. Troynakov ◽  
U. T. Tukhtaev
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Distal Humerus ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Conflict Of Interests ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Tissue Structures

Introduction. Timely and adequate diagnosis and treatment of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the bone and joint apparatus, which include epicondylitis (epicondylosis), including professionally caused, continues to be a serious health problem today, since they cause significant economic damage associated with temporary and persistent disability of the active part of the world’s population. In this regard, the search for methods and methodological approaches to improve the radiation diagnosis of this disease remains relevant. The study is devoted to solution of important medical problems, including occupational diseases-optimization of X-ray of the ulnar epicondylitis based on the use of new methodological approaches quantifying the density of pathological remodeling of bone structures in the subject area, that allow to objectify the direction of changes in monitoring intensity changes in the estimated structures.The aim of the study is to improve the quality of x-ray diagnostics of ulnar epicondylitis based on a precision assessment of the optical density of bone and periarticular tissues using digital radiography.Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the results of a comprehensive clinical and radiological examination of patients, workers of the main group (fitters and laborers machine-building plants) working age range of 30–50 years with a clinical picture of subacute phase of the ulnar epicondylitis in the absence of a pathognomonic ultrasound findings and x-ray morphological signs of the disease. X-ray studies were performed using digital low-dose x-ray diagnostic devices. Visualization, processing, analysis of medical images and comparison of results in the dynamics of research were carried out using the programs «Lins machaon doctor’s workstation». To measure the conditional optical density of bone and soft tissues, we used the ROI tool (zone of interest), which allows us to determine the desired value in areas of different dimensions. Measurements were performed on digital radiographs and computer monitor screens in the areas of interest: the lateral parts of the humerus condyles and adjacent periarticular tissues with the calculation of the average values of the optical density index (ID) and optical density gradients (IDG) relative to the density of periarticular soft tissues.Results. Analysis of the results of a posteriori osteodensitometry of the distal humerus within the framework of the developed algorithm, which includes the use of absolute and relative indicators of conditional optical density after preliminary color correction of digital x-ray images of bone and paraossal tissue structures, allowed us to expand our understanding of the topography of the distribution of mineral saturation in the condyles of at-risk individuals relative to those of the control group. It was found that the indicators of optical density of bone and paraossal tissues can be a kind of (conditional), sometimes the only indicators of the degree of severity of changes, positive or negative dynamics of pathophysiological processes. Density differences in the distal parts of the right and left humerus (bony and soft -tissue paraossal structures of the condyles) in the control group (conditional norm) in terms of absolute optical density and its gradient, regardless of the assessment area, were insignificant (statistically unreliable), although they were multidirectional. In patients with clinical signs of epicondylitis in the absence of x-ray morphologically detectable structural changes, a decrease in ID and the dynamics of its recovery at various stages of observation were revealed. Even when the ID of the actual bone structure is relatively equal, the IDG differs in different people, since it is largely determined by metabolic processes that are dynamically more labile than in the bones, and thus serve as a kind of indicator of their intensity. Taking into account the relative torpidity of perestroika processes in the structures of the bone tissue of the condyles in epicondylitis, IDG should be considered a more informative indicator of their dynamics. The importance of optical density indicators as predictors of the considered pathology is particularly evident in the process of analyzing the results of its diagnosis and development in the dynamics of observations not so much at the collective as at the individual level of assessment.Conclusions. The application of the developed methodological approach allows us to significantly expand our understanding of the topographical distribution of the density of bone and soft tissue structures of the distal humerus at various stages of examination of patients, including the early subclinical phases of possible pathology, even in the absence of visually detectable x-ray morphological changes. The use of an original algorithm for evaluating tissue density will reduce the negative role of the so-called «human factor» and thus significantly ensure the objectivity of the interpretation of research results.Funding. The study had no funding.Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

scholarly journals A guide for optimal iodine staining and high-throughput diceCT scanning in snakes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Margaret Crowe-Riddell ◽  
Sean Callahan ◽  
Ramon Nagesan ◽  
Jaimi Gray ◽  
Alison Davis-Rabosky
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Tissue Imaging ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography

Diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced Computed-Tomography (diceCT) visualizes soft-tissue from microCT (µCT) scans of specimens to uncover internal features and natural history information without incurring physical damage via dissection. Unlike hard-tissue imaging, diceCT datasets are currently limited to a few individual specimens and taxonomically underrepresented. To initiate best practices for diceCT in a non-model group, we outline a guide for staining and high-throughput µCT scanning in snakes. We scanned the entire body and one region of interest (i.e., head) for 23 specimens representing 23 species from the clades Aniliidae, Dipsadinae, Colubrinae, Elapidae, Lamprophiidae and Viperidae. We generated 82 scans that include 1.25% Lugols iodine stained (soft tissue) and unstained (skeletal) data for each specimen. We found that duration of optimal staining time increased linearly with body size; head radius was the best indicator. Post-reconstruction of scans, optimal staining was evident by evenly distributed grayscale values and clear differentiation among soft-tissue anatomy. Under and over stained specimens produced poor contrast among soft-tissues, which was often exacerbated by user bias during “digital dissections” (i.e., segmentation). Regardless, all scans produced usable data from which we assessed a range of downstream analytical applications within ecology and evolution (e.g., predator-prey interactions, life history, and morphological evolution). Ethanol de-staining reversed the known effects of iodine on the exterior appearance of physical specimens, but required substantially more time than reported for other de-staining methods. We discuss the feasibility of implementing diceCT techniques for a new user, including approximate financial and temporal commitments, required facilities, and potential effects of staining on specimens. We present the first high-throughput workflow for full-body skeletal and diceCT scanning in snakes, which can be generalized to any elongate vertebrates, and increases publicly available diceCT scans for reptiles by an order of magnitude.

Imaging Features of Primary Tumors of the Hand

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Boriani ◽  
Edoardo Raposio ◽  
Costantino Errani
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Epithelioid Sarcoma ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Tumors Of The Hand

: Musculoskeletal tumors of the hand are a rare entity and are divided into skeletal and soft tissue tumors. Either category comprises benign and malignant or even intermediate tumors. Basic radiology allows an optimal resolution of bone and related soft tissue areas, ultrasound and more sophisticated radiologic tools such as scintigraphy, CT and MRI allow a more accurate evaluation of tumor extent. Enchondroma is the most common benign tumor affecting bone, whereas chondrosarcoma is the most commonly represented malignant neoplasm localized to hand bones. In the soft tissues ganglions are the most common benign tumors and epithelioid sarcoma is the most frequently represented malignant tumor targeting hand soft tissues. The knowledge regarding diagnostic and therapeutic management of these tumors is often deriving from small case series, retrospective studies or even case reports. Evidences from prospective studies or controlled trials are limited and for this lack of clear and supported evidences data from the medical literature on the topic are controversial, in terms of demographics, clinical presentation, diagnosis prognosis and therapy.The correct recognition of the specific subtype and extension of the tumor through first line and second line radiology is essential for the surgeon, in order to effectively direct the therapeutic decisions.

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