scholarly journals Multi-State MRAM Cells For Hardware Neuromorphic Computing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Rzeszut ◽  
Jakub Chęciński ◽  
Ireneusz Brzozowski ◽  
Sławomir Ziętek ◽  
Witold Skowroński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Cell ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Sigmoid Function ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Function Generator ◽  
Random Number Generators ◽  
Computing Device ◽  
Summing Amplifier ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Storage Technologies

Abstract Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) have been successfully applied in various sensing application and digital information storage technologies. Currently, a number of new potential applications of MTJs are being actively studied, including high-frequency electronics, energy harvesting or random number generators. Recently, MTJs have been also proposed in designs of new platforms for unconventional or bio-inspired computing. In the present work, it is shown that serially connected MTJs forming a multi-state memory cell can be used in a hardware implementation of a neural computing device. The main purpose of the multi-cell is the formation of quantized weights in the network, which can be programmed using the proposed electronic circuit. Multi-cells are connected to a CMOS-based summing amplifier and a sigmoid function generator, forming an artificial neuron. The operation of the designed network is tested using a recognition of hand-written digits in 20 × 20 pixels matrix and shows detection ratio comparable to the software algorithm, using weights stored in a multi-cell consisting of four MTJs or more.

scholarly journals Multi-Level Information Storage Using Engineered Electromechanical Resonances of Piezoelectric Wafers: A Concept Piezoelectric Quick Response (PQR) Code

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6344
Author(s):  
Christopher Hakoda ◽  
Eric S. Davis ◽  
Cristian Pantea ◽  
Vamshi Krishna Chillara
Keyword(s):  
Information Storage ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Multiple Frequency ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
Piezoelectric Wafers ◽  
Polarization Profiles

A piezoelectric-based method for information storage is presented. It involves engineering the polarization profiles of multiple piezoelectric wafers to enhance/suppress specific electromechanical resonances. These enhanced/suppressed resonances can be used to represent multiple frequency-dependent bits, thus enabling multi-level information storage. This multi-level information storage is demonstrated by achieving three information states for a ternary encoding. Using the three information states, we present an approach to encode and decode information from a 2-by-3 array of piezoelectric wafers that we refer to as a concept Piezoelectric Quick Response (PQR) code. The scaling relation between the number of wafers used and the cumulative number of information states that can be achieved with the proposed methodology is briefly discussed. Potential applications of this methodology include tamper-evident devices, embedded product tags in manufacturing/inventory tracking, and additional layers of security with existing information storage technologies.

scholarly journals Configurable pixelated skyrmions on nanoscale magnetic grids

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xichao Zhang ◽  
Jing Xia ◽  
Keiichiro Shirai ◽  
Hiroshi Fujiwara ◽  
Oleg A. Tretiakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Anisotropy ◽  
Hall Effect ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Continuous Motion ◽  
Computing Device ◽  
Square Grid ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Pinning Effect

AbstractTopological spin textures can serve as non-volatile information carriers. Here we study the current-induced dynamics of an isolated magnetic skyrmion on a nanoscale square-grid pinning pattern formed by orthogonal defect lines with reduced magnetic anisotropy. The skyrmion on the square grid can be pixelated with a quantized size of the grid. We demonstrate that the position, size, and shape of skyrmion on the square grid are electrically configurable. The skyrmion center is quantized to be on the grid and the skyrmion may show a hopping motion instead of a continuous motion. We find that the skyrmion Hall effect can be perfectly prohibited due to the pinning effect of the grid. The pixelated skyrmion can be harnessed to build future programmable racetrack memory, multistate memory, and logic computing device. Our results will be a basis for digital information storage and computation based on pixelated topological spin textures on artificial pinning patterns.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid as a Tool for Digital Information Storage: An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ashish C Patel ◽  
C G Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Digital File

Current data storage technologies cannot keep pace longer with exponentially growing amounts of data through the extensive use of social networking photos and media, etc. The "digital world” with 4.4 zettabytes in 2013 has predicted it to reach 44 zettabytes by 2020. From the past 30 years, scientists and researchers have been trying to develop a robust way of storing data on a medium which is dense and ever-lasting and found DNA as the most promising storage medium. Unlike existing storage devices, DNA requires no maintenance, except the need to store at a cool and dark place. DNA has a small size with high density; just 1 gram of dry DNA can store about 455 exabytes of data. DNA stores the informations using four bases, viz., A, T, G, and C, while CDs, hard disks and other devices stores the information using 0’s and 1’s on the spiral tracks. In the DNA based storage, after binarization of digital file into the binary codes, encoding and decoding are important steps in DNA based storage system. Once the digital file is encoded, the next step is to synthesize arbitrary single-strand DNA sequences and that can be stored in the deep freeze until use.When there is a need for information to be recovered, it can be done using DNA sequencing. New generation sequencing (NGS) capable of producing sequences with very high throughput at a much lower cost about less than 0.1 USD for one MB of data than the first sequencing technologies. Post-sequencing processing includes alignment of all reads using multiple sequence alignment (MSA) algorithms to obtain different consensus sequences. The consensus sequence is decoded as the reversal of the encoding process. Most prior DNA data storage efforts sequenced and decoded the entire amount of stored digital information with no random access, but nowadays it has become possible to extract selective files (e.g., retrieving only required image from a collection) from a DNA pool using PCR-based random access. Various scientists successfully stored up to 110 zettabytes data in one gram of DNA. In the future, with an efficient encoding, error corrections, cheaper DNA synthesis,and sequencing, DNA based storage will become a practical solution for storage of exponentially growing digital data.

Photo-induced variation of magnetism in coordination polymers with ligand-based electron transfer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Lei Lu ◽  
Wen-Long Lan ◽  
Wei Shi ◽  
Qionghua Jin ◽  
Peng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Optical Memory ◽  
High Density ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Memory Devices ◽  
Storage Materials ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Induced Variation

Photo-induced variation of magnetism from ligand-based electron transfer have been extensively studied because of their potential applications in magneto-optical memory devices, light-responsive switches, and high-density information storage materials. In this...

Nomadic life archiving across platforms: Hyperlinked storage and compartmentalized sharing

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 796-815
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Sun Sun Lim
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Digital Content ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Multi Media ◽  
Nomadic Life

People are today located in media ecosystems in which a variety of ICT devices and platforms coexist and complement each other to fulfil users’ heterogeneous requirements. These multi-media affordances promote a highly hyperlinked and nomadic habit of digital data management which blurs the long-standing boundaries between information storage, sharing and exchange. Specifically, during the pervasive sharing and browsing of fragmentary digital information (e.g. photos, videos, online diaries, news articles) across various platforms, life experiences and knowledge involved are meanwhile classified and stored for future retrieval and collective memory construction. For international migrants who straddle different geographical and cultural contexts, management of various digital materials is particularly complicated as they have to be familiar with and appropriately navigate technological infrastructures of both home and host countries. Drawing on ethnographic observations of 40 Chinese migrant mothers in Singapore, this article delves into their quotidian routines of acquiring, storing, sharing and exchanging digital information across a range of ICT devices and platforms, as well as cultural and emotional implications of these mediated behaviours for their everyday life experiences. A multi-layer and multi-sited repertoire of ‘life archiving’ was identified among these migrant mothers in which they leave footprints of everyday life through a tactical combination of interactive sharing, pervasive tagging and backup storage of diverse digital content.

scholarly journals High-density information storage in an absolutely defined aperiodic sequence of monodisperse copolyester

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Min Lee ◽  
Mo Beom Koo ◽  
Seul Woo Lee ◽  
Heelim Lee ◽  
Junho Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binary Code ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Polymer Chemistry ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Hydroxy Acids ◽  
Storage Density ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Convergent Method ◽  
Scalable Synthesis

AbstractSynthesis of a polymer composed of a large discrete number of chemically distinct monomers in an absolutely defined aperiodic sequence remains a challenge in polymer chemistry. The synthesis has largely been limited to oligomers having a limited number of repeating units due to the difficulties associated with the step-by-step addition of individual monomers to achieve high molecular weights. Here we report the copolymers of α-hydroxy acids, poly(phenyllactic-co-lactic acid) (PcL) built via the cross-convergent method from four dyads of monomers as constituent units. Our proposed method allows scalable synthesis of sequence-defined PcL in a minimal number of coupling steps from reagents in stoichiometric amounts. Digital information can be stored in an aperiodic sequence of PcL, which can be fully retrieved as binary code by mass spectrometry sequencing. The information storage density (bit/Da) of PcL is 50% higher than DNA, and the storage capacity of PcL can also be increased by adjusting the molecular weight (~38 kDa).

scholarly journals Interface and surface stabilization of the polarization in ferroelectric thin films

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (46) ◽  
pp. 28589-28595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Gattinoni ◽  
Nives Strkalj ◽  
Rea Härdi ◽  
Manfred Fiebig ◽  
Morgan Trassin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Polarization Direction ◽  
Strontium Ruthenate ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Surface And Interface ◽  
Bottom Interface

Ferroelectric perovskites present a switchable spontaneous polarization and are promising energy-efficient device components for digital information storage. Full control of the ferroelectric polarization in ultrathin films of ferroelectric perovskites needs to be achieved in order to apply this class of materials in modern devices. However, ferroelectricity itself is not well understood in this nanoscale form, where interface and surface effects become particularly relevant and where loss of net polarization is often observed. In this work, we show that the precise control of the structure of the top surface and bottom interface of the thin film is crucial toward this aim. We explore the properties of thin films of the prototypical ferroelectric lead titanate (PbTiO3) on a metallic strontium ruthenate (SrRuO3) buffer using a combination of computational (density functional theory) and experimental (optical second harmonic generation) methods. We find that the polarization direction and strength are influenced by chemical and electronic processes occurring at the epitaxial interface and at the surface. The polarization is particularly sensitive to adsorbates and to surface and interface defects. These results point to the possibility of controlling the polarization direction and magnitude by engineering specific interface and surface chemistries.

The impact of mobile tablet devices on human information behaviour

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Burford ◽  
Sora Park
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Tablet Devices ◽  
Computing Device ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Information Behaviour ◽  
Digital Environments ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – Mobile computing devices are a significant access point for information activities. Theories and models of human information behaviour have developed over several decades but have not considered the role of the user's computing device in digital information interactions. The purpose of this paper is to explore the information behaviours of young adults when they are given unlimited access to mobile tablet devices. Design/methodology/approach – As information tasks, behaviours and communities shift into digital environments, a researcher of these phenomena is required to mirror that movement with techniques that allow a full exploration of human behaviour and interaction in the online world. Following Kozinets (2009), “netnography” (ethnography in online communities) is applied in this study and all data are collected online from within a community of iPad users, established for the research purpose. Findings – This study reveals that access to mobile tablet devices creates significant shifts in the behaviours of young adults whose lives are immersed in digital information. Mobile tablet devices establish the potential for constant access to digital information and that opportunity is grasped by the participants in this research. Extensive use of mobile device applications or “apps” establishes a more selected and restricted view of information than that encountered in the open and expansive World Wide Web. Originality/value – This paper invites extension to human information behaviour theories and models to include a consideration of computing access device and of new mobility and constancy of access – all of which changes the circumstances and behaviour of the information actor.

Application of Cloud Storage in the Data Bank of Teaching Resources of Plane Design Specialty

2013 ◽  
Vol 756-759 ◽  
pp. 1210-1214
Author(s):  
Chuan Jin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Storage ◽  
Distributed Storage ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Dynamic Allocation ◽  
Teaching Resources ◽  
Design Materials ◽  
Function Module

Cloud storage is a new type of concept of digital information storage. In view of its advantages in distributed storage, collaborative storage, dynamic allocation storage space, smooth migration and backup, on the basis of the introduction of related concepts and unique advantages of cloud storage, the present essay introduced cloud storage into the data bank of plane design materials, and constructed a scheme of cloud storage of the data bank of the plane design materials from the three aspects of system structure, topological structure and function module.

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