scholarly journals GABA and Its Shunt’s Contributions to Flavonoid Biosynthesis and Metabolism in the Tea Plat (Camellia Sinensis)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieren Liao ◽  
Yu Cao ◽  
Taiyu Ren ◽  
Qiang Shen ◽  
Yuhua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Flavonoid Pathway ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Polyamine Biosynthesis ◽  
Gaba Shunt ◽  
Flavonoid Metabolism ◽  
Tea Plants

Abstract Background: γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a signal molecule, is regarded as the intersection of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, but its contributions to flavonoid metabolism in tea plants during the whole growth cycle remain unclear, and the correlation between the GABA shunt and flavonoid metabolism in tea plants is worth exploring. Secondary metabolites and their correlations with the taste qualities of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) during different seasons have been investigated.Results: Related secondary metabolites and transcript profiles of genes encoding enzymes in the GABA shunt, flavonoid pathway and polyamine biosynthesis were measured throughout the whole tea plant growth season and after exogenous GABA applications. In addition, levels of differentially expressed proteins were measured after treatment with or without exogenous GABA. The tea leaves showed the highest metabolite concentrations in spring. CsGAD, CsGABAT, CsSPMS, CsODC, CsF3H and CsCHS were found to be important genes in the GABA and anthocyanin network. Conclusion: GABA and anthocyanin concentrations showed a positive correlation, to some extent, and CsF3H and CsCHS played important roles in the GABA and anthocyanin network. Further studies should focus on exploring GABA and flavonoid metabolism through the transgenic engineering of tea plants.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification and Characterization of Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase in Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Hui Sun ◽  
Chin-Ying Yang ◽  
Jason Tzen
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Tea Plants

Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) contains abundant secondary metabolites, which are regulated by numerous enzymes. Hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) is involved in the biosynthesis pathways of polyphenols and flavonoids, and it can catalyze the transfer of hydroxyconnamoyl coenzyme A to substrates such as quinate, flavanol glycoside, or anthocyanins, thus resulting in the production of chlorogenic acid or acylated flavonol glycoside. In this study, the CsHCT gene was cloned from the Chin-Shin Oolong tea plant, and its protein functions and characteristics were analyzed. The full-length cDNA of CsHCT contains 1311 base pairs and encodes 436 amino acid sequences. Amino acid sequence was highly conserved with other HCTs from Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus trichocarpa, Hibiscus cannabinus, and Coffea canephora. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that CsHCT is highly expressed in the stem tissues of both tea plants and seedlings. The CsHCT expression level was relatively high at high altitudes. The abiotic stress experiment suggested that low temperature, drought, and high salinity induced CsHCT transcription. Furthermore, the results of hormone treatments indicated that abscisic acid (ABA) induced a considerable increase in the CsHCT expression level. This may be attributed to CsHCT involvement in abiotic stress and ABA signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Effects of Exogenous 6-Benzyladenine on Dwarfing, Shoot Branching, and Yield of Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis)

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Zhang ◽  
Chen Shen ◽  
Jipeng Wei ◽  
Wenyan Han
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Shoot Branching ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Spring Yield

6-Benzyladenine (6-BA) is a safe and efficient cytokinin. The adult tea plants of the cv. Longjing 43 were used in this study. The foliar portion of tea bushes were sprayed with different concentrations (50, 100, 200, or 400 mg·L−1) of 6-BA after heavy pruning, when three to four leaves grew out in late May. The effects of 6-BA application on the growth of the new shoots and lateral branches were quantified. After 5 months, treatments with 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg·L−1 6-BA suppressed plant height by 11.0%, 18.0%, 21.0%, or 22.0%, respectively; 6-BA at 100, 200, or 400 mg·L−1 decreased the number of lateral branches by 20.0%, 23.0%, or 18.0%, respectively. Meanwhile, treatments with 50, 200, or 400 mg·L−1 6-BA increased the length of lateral branches by 38.0%, 79.0%, or 81.0% respectively; 200 mg·L−1 6-BA increased the diameter of lateral branches by 8.0%. In addition, after 2 months, 50 or 200 mg·L−1 6-BA did not significantly affect the growth of functional leaves, 50, 100, or 200 mg·L−1 6-BA did not significantly affect photosynthetic rate (Pn) as compared with the control. Furthermore, 200 or 400 mg·L−1 6-BA significantly increased spring tea yield by 28.9% or 13.3%, respectively as compared with the control. In conclusion, 6-BA at the four concentrations promoted dwarfing and the formation of productive lateral branches and increased the spring yield, and 200 mg·L−1 6-BA exerted the best comprehensive effect.

scholarly journals Low Caffeine Content in Novel Grafted Tea with Camellia sinensis as Scions and Camellia oleifera as Stocks

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Wei Deng ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Chen-Chen Gu ◽  
Da-Xiang Li ◽  
Lin-Long Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Caffeine Content ◽  
Caffeine Synthase ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Tea Plants

Caffeine, a purine alkaloid, is a major secondary metabolite in tea leaves. The demand for low caffeine tea is increasing in recent years, especially for health reasons. We report a novel grafted tea material with low caffeine content. The grafted tea plant had Camellia sinensis as scions and C. oleifera as stocks. The content of purine alkaloids was determined in the leaves of one-year-old grafted tea plants by HPLC. We also characterized caffeine synthase (CS), a key enzyme involved in caffeine biosynthesis in tea plants, at the expression level. The expression patterns of CS were examined in grafted and control leaves by Western blot, using a self-prepared polyclonal antibody with high specificity and sensitivity. The expression of related genes ( TCS1, tea caffeine synthase gene, GenBank accession No. AB031280; sAMS, SAM synthetase gene, AJ277206; TIDH, IMP dehydrogenase gene, EU106658) in the caffeine biosynthetic pathway was investigated by qRT-PCR. HPLC showed that the caffeine content was only 38% as compared with the non-grafted tea leaves. Immunoblotting analysis showed that CS protein decreased by half in the leaves of grafted tea plants. qRT-PCR revealed no significant changes in the expression of two genes in the upstream pathway ( sAMS and TIDH), while the expression of TCS1 was greatly decreased (50%). Taken together, these data revealed that the low caffeine content in the grafted tea leaves is due to low TCS1 expression and CS protein accumulation.

scholarly journals Metabolism of Gallic Acid and Its Distributions in Tea (Camellia sinensis) Plants at the Tissue and Subcellular Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Zhou ◽  
Lanting Zeng ◽  
Yingjuan Chen ◽  
Xuewen Wang ◽  
Yinyin Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
Ga Content

In tea (Camellia sinensis) plants, polyphenols are the representative metabolites and play important roles during their growth. Among tea polyphenols, catechins are extensively studied, while very little attention has been paid to other polyphenols such as gallic acid (GA) that occur in tea leaves with relatively high content. In this study, GA was able to be transformed into methyl gallate (MG), suggesting that GA is not only a precursor of catechins, but also can be transformed into other metabolites in tea plants. GA content in tea leaves was higher than MG content—regardless of the cultivar, plucking month or leaf position. These two metabolites occurred with higher amounts in tender leaves. Using nonaqueous fractionation techniques, it was found that GA and MG were abundantly accumulated in peroxisome. In addition, GA and MG were found to have strong antifungal activity against two main tea plant diseases, Colletotrichum camelliae and Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis. The information will advance our understanding on formation and biologic functions of polyphenols in tea plants and also provide a good reference for studying in vivo occurrence of specialized metabolites in economic plants.

A new Colletotrichum species associated with brown blight disease on Camellia sinensis

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhe Wan ◽  
Lvjia Zou ◽  
Liang Zeng ◽  
HuaRong Tong ◽  
Yingjuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Chongqing City ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Blight Disease

Brown blight, as the most damaging and common foliar disease of tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] in China, has been recently reported to be caused by different species of the genus Colletotrichum. During the years 2016–2017, tea plants in commercial tea cultivation areas of Chongqing city that reported significant incidences of brown blight disease were investigated and then analyzed using both morphological characteristics and multi-locus phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that at least five species of Colletotrichum were identified, including four well known species (C. gloeosporioides, C. camelliae, C. fioriniae, C. karstii) and one novel species (C. chongqingense), indicating that there is remarkable species diversity in Colletotrichum present as pathogens. Results of pathogenicity analyses confirmed that C. chongqingense was the causal agent of brown blight and different isolates were differ in virulence. C. chongqingense, as a novel pathogen, has never been reported as being associated with brown blight disease in tea plants or anthracnose in other host plants anywhere in the world. Knowledge of the Colletotrichum populations will facilitate further studies addressing the relationships between Colletotrichum spp. and their host plant Ca. sinensis.

scholarly journals Characterization of the R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor CsMYB113 Regulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Tea Plants (Camellia Sinensis)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuyuan Shui ◽  
Meilin Yan ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Pu Wang ◽  
Hua Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Characteristic Variety ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
R2r3 Myb

Abstract Tea plant(Camellia sinensis) has very long history of cultivation and abundant germplasm resources in China. Purple bud is a characteristic variety, which has attracted the attention of breeding researchers because it accumulated a large number of anthocyanins naturally. In many species, R2R3-MYBtranscription factors (TFs)wereprovedto be involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis.Research on anthocyanin metabolism has been relatively clear in some species, but that needs to be further elucidated in tea plants. In this research, anR2R3-MYB transcriptionfactor CsMYB113 relate to the anthocyanin accumulation regulation was identified from tea plants. Spatial and temporal expressionanalysis revealed differential expression of CsMYB113among different tissues and organs, with highest expression occurringin the roots.Subcellular localization assays showed that CsMYB113 localizedin the nucleus.Ectopic expression of CsMYB113increased pigmentation and anthocyanin contentsby the up-regulationof theexpression levelsof genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathwayamongdifferent tissues of Arabidopsis.Moreover, transient overexpressionof 35S::CsMYB113in tea plant increased the anthocyanin contents in the leaves.Our results indicated that CsMYB113 play important role in the anthocyaninbiosynthesis regulation in tea plants. It will also provide useful candidate gene for the modification of anthocyanin metabolism by genetic engineeringin plants.

scholarly journals KERAGAMAN LUMUT KERAK PADA TANAMAN TEH (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) DI PERKEBUNAN TEH PT. SARANA MANDIRI MUKTI KABUPATEN KEPAHIANG PROVINSI BENGKULU

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Rochmah Supriati ◽  
Helmiyetti Helmiyetti ◽  
Dwi Agustian
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Epiphytic Lichens ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Tea Plants

Lichen is a mutualism symbiotic organism between fungi (mycobiont) and photosynthetic symbiont in the form of algae (photobiont). It can be found from the lowlands to the highlands, growing epiphytically on soil, rocks, weathered wood, and tree bark, as shown on surface of the tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) in The PT Sarana Mandiri Mukti Tea plantation in Kepahiang regency, Bengkulu Province. The purpose of this research was to identify and find out the species of epiphytic lichens on the tea plant in this place. The study was conducted in May–November 2019. Samples was collected purposively, by taken ephyphitic lichens growth on the bark of tea plants stems. Then, samples was identified based on morphological characteristics at the Basic Science Biosystematics Laboratory, FMIPA University of Bengkulu. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. It was identified as many as 35 species of lichens from the Ascomycota division, belonged to three classes, six orders, 11 families; those are  Graphidaaceae, Stereocaulaceae, Parmeliaceae, Lecanoraceae, Malmideaeceae, Pertusariaceae, Teloschistaceae, Caliciaceae, Physciaceae, Arthoniaceae, dan Pyrenulaceae. 23 species have crustose type thalus and 12 species have foliose type thalus.  

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