scholarly journals Gibberellins Regulate Lateral Root Development that is Associated with Auxin and Cell Wall Metabolisms in Cucumber

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingbing Cai ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Hong Sun ◽  
Cuimei Liu ◽  
Jinfang Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Lateral Root Development ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Abstract Background: Cucumber is an economically important crop cultivated worldwide. However, it is susceptible to various stresses due to weak and shallow root systems, limiting its productivity. Lateral roots (LRs) are critical for plant stress tolerance and productivity. Increasing evidence showed that gibberellins (GAs) play important roles, positively or negatively, in LR development in many plants. Therefore, it is of great importance for cucumber production to study the role of GAs in LR development. Results: The application of various concentrations of GA3 and uniconazole, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, on germinated cucumber seeds for 5 days showed that GAs regulated cucumber LR development in a concentration-dependent manner. 1 µM, 10 µM, 50 µM and 100 µM GA3 significantly increased secondary root length, tertiary root number and length. It is worthy note that 50 µM GA3 treatment showed strong effects in increasing root dry weight and the root/shoot dry weight ratio. Pairwise comparisons between GA3-treated roots and Control at 2, 3 and 5 days after germination (DAG) identified 417 down-regulated genes enriched for GA metabolism-related processes and 447 up-regulated genes enriched for cell wall metabolism-related processes in GA3-treated roots. Linear factorial modeling was also performed to systematically identify DEGs and a total of 3523 non-redundant DEGs were identified in our RNA-seq data. Of these, most of the genes involved in auxin and cell wall metabolisms were up-regulated in GA3-treated roots. Conclusions: GAs positively regulate LR development in cucumber putatively associated with enhanced IAA and cell wall metabolisms. Our findings not only shed light on LR regulation mediated by GA but also offer an important resource for functional studies of candidate genes putatively involved in the regulation of LR development in cucumber and other crops.

scholarly journals Growth of mango (Mangifera indica L.) rootstocks as influenced by pre-sowing treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 582-586
Author(s):  
R. J. Patel ◽  
T. R. Ahlawat ◽  
A. I. Patel ◽  
J. J. Amarcholi ◽  
B. B. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Total Dry Weight

An experiment was carried out at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during 2014 to evaluate the effect of pre-sowing treatments on survival percentage and growth of mango rootstocks. Mango stones were soaked in aqueous solutions of GA3 (100 and 200 ppm), Beejamruth (2 % and 3 %) and Thiourea (1 % and 2 %) for 12 and 24 hours. The trial was evaluated in Completely Randomized Design based on factorial concept and the treatments were replicated thrice. Imposition of treatments led to significant differences at 5 % level of significance for all parameters chosen in this study. Mango stones when treated with Thiourea at 1 % had the maximum shoot length (49.93 cm), root length (34.38 cm), shoot dry weight (21.08 g) and total dry weight (26.36 g). The highest number of lateral roots (10.90) and survival percentage (64.17) was observed in mango stones dipped in 100 ppm GA3. Between the two soaking duration, soaking mango stones for 24 hours recorded higher values for shoot length (45.03 cm), root length (32.79 cm), number of lateral roots (9.83), survival percentage (62.72), shoot root fresh weight ratio (4.30), shoot dry weight (21.33 g), total dry weight (26.28 g) and shoot root dry weight ratio (4.32). Thus, survival percentage and growth of mango rootstocks can be substantially improved by soaking mango stones in aqueous solutions of 100 ppm GA3 or Thiourea at 1 % for 24 hours before sowing.

scholarly journals Testing the potential of LEDs to enhance growth and quality characteristics of Salvia fruticosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippos Bantis ◽  
Kalliopi Radoglou
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Radiation Spectra ◽  
Salvia Fruticosa ◽  
Developmental Characteristics

The effect of light-emitting diodes (LED) with broad radiation spectra on developmental, physiological, and phytochemical characteristics of Greek sage (Salvia fruticosa L.) seedlings was assessed. Fluorescent (FL – control) tubes and four LED lights [AP67 (moderate blue, red and far-red), L20AP67 (moderate blue, red and far-red, high green), AP673L (moderate blue, high red) and NS1 (high blue and green, low red, high red : far-red, 1% ultraviolet)] were used in a growth chamber. Seedlings grown under FL, L20AP67 and AP673L exhibited the best morphological and developmental characteristics. FL led to inferior root biomass formation compared to all LEDs. AP67 promoted greater root-to-shoot dry weight ratio and dry-to-fresh overground and root weight ratios, but induced the least morphological and developmental characteristics. NS1 performed well regarding the root biomass production. Total phenolic content and the root growth capacity were not significantly affected. The present study demonstrates that L20AP67 and AP673L LEDs performed equally to FL light regarding the developmental characteristics. AP67 and NS1 may have the potential to be used for compact seedling production.

Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)Cultivar Responses to Trifluralin and Postemergence Herbicides

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon A. Clay ◽  
Jim F. Gaffney ◽  
Leon J. Wrage
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Cultivar Responses ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Trifluralin is used for weed control in wheat but may reduce vegetative growth and yield. Postemergence (POST) herbicides may cause additional plant stress to trifluralin-stressed wheat. Field studies at Groton, SD in 1991 and 1992 and at Highmore, SD in 1992 evaluated the effects of 2,4-D-amine, difenzoquat, metsulfuron, and a combination of fenoxaprop-ethyl + 2,4-D-ester + MCPA-ester on hard red spring wheat cultivars ‘2375,’ ‘Prospect,’ and ‘Butte 86’ seeded in areas treated with preplant incorporated trifluralin either in the spring before seeding (0.56 kg ai/ha) or the previous year (1.12 or 2.24 kg ai/ha). Trifluralin applied alone in the spring, and followed by some POST herbicides, reduced shoot dry weight and grain yield. Trifluralin reduced the yield of Prospect the most and the yield of 2375 the least. Yields of trifluralin-treated wheat were reduced 23% by metsulfuron and 14% by fenoxaprop-ethyl + 2,4-D + MCPA compared to yields of wheat treated with only the respective POST herbicide. Yields were not reduced with any trifluralin-POST herbicide combination when trifluralin was applied a year prior to seeding wheat.

Genetic Variation in Chamaecyparis nootkatensis from Coastal British Columbia1

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Cherry ◽  
D. T. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Chamaecyparis Nootkatensis ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Port Orford Cedar

Abstract Genetic variation in several traits of Alaska-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) was measured in progeny from seven coastal B.C. provenances, each represented by three open-pollinated families. The common-garden nursery trial also included one provenance of Port-Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana). Growth traits and frost hardiness were measured at the end of the first growing season, and morphological traits after the second year. Provenances varied in percentage germination, shoot dry weight, shoot to root dry weight ratio, number of lateral branches per stem, and cold injury to a minimum temperature of -20°C in December. Families differed in height, root collar diameter, and in the number of nodes of primary foliage. Port-Orford cedar exhibited much greater height, stem caliper, and dry weight than any Alaska-cedar provenance, but was more susceptible to frost damage. West. J. Appl. For. 7(1):25-29.

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, or Magnesium Deficiency on Growth and Photosynthesis of Eustoma

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Tsern Chen ◽  
Ching-Lung Lee ◽  
Der-Ming Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Growth and photosynthetic parameters were measured in Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn. ‘Umihonoka’ grown hydroponically under nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), or magnesium (Mg) deficiency in 1/2 strength of modified Johnson’s solution. Plant height, node number, and leaf area were all reduced under N, P, K, and Ca deficiencies but not under Mg deficiency as compared with plants grown in the complete nutrient solution. Shoot and root dry weight were reduced in the N-, P-, K-, and Ca-deficient treatments, whereas root but not shoot dry weight was lowered by Mg-deficient treatment. Shoot-to-root dry weight ratio decreased under N and P deficiencies, increased under K and Mg deficiency, but was not altered under Ca deficiency. Decreased net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of N-, P-, and K-deficient leaves was all related to lower stomatal conductance (gS), whereas N-deficient leaves also accompanied by a higher intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci). The Mg-deficient treatment did not alter chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm, maximal fluorescence (Fm), or minimal fluorescence (Fo). Decreased Fv/Fm of N-, P-, K-, and Ca-deficient leaves was all related to lower Fm, whereas N- and P-deficient leaves also accompanied by lower Fo. A key was developed for the identification of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg deficiency symptoms.

scholarly journals Fertilizer, Irrigation and Root Ball Slicing Affects Burford Holly Growth after Planting

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward F. Gilman ◽  
Thomas H. Yeager ◽  
Diane Weigle
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Ilex Cornuta ◽  
Shoot Weight

Abstract Dwarf burford holly (Ilex cornuta ‘Burfordii Nana’) fertilized with 22.1 g N/container/yr of nitrogen during production in the nursery generated more new shoot weight but less root weight after transplanting to a landscape than those receiving 14.8 g N/container/yr. Slicing the root ball at planting, compared to not slicing, resulted in comparable regenerated root weight but reduced new shoot number, new shoot dry weight and new shoot:regenerated root dry weight ratio when irrigation was not applied daily after transplanting. Although irrigation frequency did not impact total weight of regenerated roots into landscape soil, more roots grew from the bottom half of the root ball when plants were irrigated periodically after planting than when plants received daily irrigation. Plants irrigated other than daily produced fewer shoots and less shoot weight than those receiving irrigation daily after transplanting. When plants were without irrigation for 4 or 6 days in the first week after transplanting, those planted without the nursery container on the root ball were more stressed (more negative xylem potential) than those planted with the container still on the root ball. However, two weeks later, plants without the nursery container were less stressed due to root growth into landscape soil.

scholarly journals Sewage sludge and rice husk as potential substrate to produce Mimosa setosa seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1111-1119
Author(s):  
Julio Cezar Tannure Faria ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Winckler Caldeira ◽  
William Macedo Delarmelina ◽  
Erick Martins Nieri ◽  
Denys Santana Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

In the production of forest seedlings one of the main factors to be analyzed is the formulation of the substrate that meets the needs of the plants that will be produced. For this, the choice of substrate must consider the physical characteristics of the material, its chemical composition, as well as its availability, quality, easy handling and cost. This study aimed to investigate the potential of sewage sludge and rice husk for the production of seedlings of Mimosa setosa. The experiment was conducted in structures of a forest nursery, localized in the municipality of Alegre-ES, in 110 cm³ tubes arranged in a completely randomized design constituted by ten treatments with four replications of 54 seedlings per plot. The treatments were formulated using sewage sludge, raw rice husks and carbonized rice husk. At five months after sowing we measured plant height, root collar diameter, height/diameter ratio, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry matter, shoot to root dry weight ratio and Dickson Quality Index. The substrates formulated with carbonized rice husk promoted the best results for all morphological characteristics analyzed. The multivariate analysis showed higher correlation of treatments with carbonized rice husk (T6, T7, T8 and T9) regarding height, root collar diameter, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and total dry matter. For the production of Mimosa setosa seedlings the best responses resulted from the substrate formulated with 60% sewage sludge + 40% carbonized rice husk.

scholarly journals 478 Preharvest Calcium Application and Its Benefit on Vase Life of Lupinus havardii Watts Cut Flowers

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 527D-527
Author(s):  
Mario Valenzuela-Vazquez ◽  
Geno A. Picchioni
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Safe Alternative

Lupinus havardii has gained popularity as a potentially new and unique cut flower species, but its compound, ethylene-sensitive inflorescences (racemes) undergo rapid senescence and deterioration on cutting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of Ca culture solution applications on L. havardii cut-flower longevity. Four supplemental Ca treatments were incorporated into the nutrient solution (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mM Ca using CaCl2), with four replications in a randomized complete-block design. Raceme Ca concentration increased with increasing Ca application, ranging from a low 5300 mg·kg-1 dry weight (0 mM supplemental Ca) to a high of 7500 mg·kg-1 (10.0 mM supplemental Ca). Calcium application deferred the daily loss in raceme fresh weight (FW) for up to 10 days of vase life in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.01), with the effect most pronounced between 5 and 9 days following cutting (average FW of 72% and 83% of day zero values for the control and 10.0 mM Ca, respectively, with 2.5 and 5.0 mM treatments intermediate). The cut racemes of L. havardii are model organs for spatially and sequentially organized postharvest development, with continued, 6-day postcutting life including 4-fold increases in cell permeability of basal, most mature flowers, marginal but significant increases in cell permeability of the most recently expanded flowers, and a 50% increase in total flowers number resulting from inflorescence expansion. Preliminary data indicate that manipulation of Ca nutrition may be a viable, inexpensive, and environmentally safe alternative to silver-based compounds currently in use for the vase life extension of L. havardii inflorescences.

The effect of wrenching on morphology and field performance of Douglas fir and loblolly pine seedlings

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuomi Tanaka ◽  
J. D. Walstad ◽  
J. E. Borrecco
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Second Year

Second-year Douglas fir and 1st-year loblolly pine nursery stock were undercut and wrenched while actively growing in nursery beds. Their morphology and field performance were compared with Douglas fir seedlings that had been undercut only and with loblolly pine seedlings that had been left intact.The treatment produced shorter, thinner-stemmed loblolly pine seedlings with reduced shoot dry weight. Height, diameter, and shoot dry weight of Douglas fir seedlings were virtually unaffected, but root dry weight was increased substantially. Development of fibrous lateral roots was stimulated in both species. As a consequence, shoot–root ratios were considerably improved, and the seedlings were better conditioned to withstand outplanting. On droughty sites, field survival of Douglas fir was increased by 20 percentage points and loblolly pine by 30 percentage points. Wrenching also extended by several weeks the fall and spring planting periods for loblolly pine and the fall planting period for Douglas fir.

scholarly journals Growth of tomato seedlings in substrates containing a nanocomposite hydrogel with calcium montmorillonite (NC-MMt)

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
Raphael AC Melo ◽  
Marçal HA Jorge ◽  
Adriel Bortolin ◽  
Leonardo S Boiteux ◽  
Caue R Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Nanocomposite Hydrogel ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

ABSTRACT The correct use of hydrogels in some situations can increase seedling survival rates, plant growth, and the water-retention capacity of the growing medium. A technique for the production of a nanocomposite hydrogel using calcium montmorillonite (NC-MMt) was recently developed. However, additional research is necessary in order to validate this innovative input, particularly for the production of vegetable crops seedlings. In this context, the main objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth and development of seedlings, tomato hybrid ‘BRS Nagai’, in substrates containing different amendments of hydrogel NC-MMt. The trial was conducted in a 3x3 factorial arranged in a complete randomized blocks design, with three replications. Three substrates (peat moss, pine bark, and coconut peat) corresponded to the first factor and three rates of the NC-MMt hydrogel (0%= R1, 1.5%= R2 and 2.0%= R3, on a w/w basis) corresponded to the second factor. Each plot was composed of 16 plants that were assessed after three weeks. Overall, peat moss-based and pine bark-based substrates resulted in higher values for most of the analyzed traits: plant emergency percentage, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, plant height/shoot dry weight ratio, root dry weight, shoot dry weight/root dry weight ratio and the Dickinson Quality Index. Rates of NC-MMt hydrogel displayed significant responses only to root superficial area and root volume. NC-MMt hydrogel amendment (mainly 1.5%) combined with specific substrates (mainly peat moss-based substrate) was able to improve the growth of ‘BRS Nagai’ tomato seedlings, with no observed toxic effects.

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