scholarly journals The Effects of Replacing Dry Forage With Corn Silage on Milk Yield, Composition and Fatty Acids’ Profiles, Blood Metabolites, Nitrogen Balance, and Rumen Fermentation Parameters in Mahabadi Lactating Goats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohre Tarverdi Sarabi ◽  
Amir Fattah ◽  
Nader Papi ◽  
Seyyed Roohollah Ebrahimi Mahmoudabad
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Abstract The present study was performed with the aim of investigating the effects of replacing dry forage with corn silage on performance, milk yield, composition and fatty acids’ profiles, blood metabolites, nitrogen balance, and rumen fermentation parameters in Mahabadi lactating goats. For this purpose, a total of 20 lactating goats aged between 2 and 5 years old and with body weight of 45.3 ± 7.20 (DS) kg were categorized into two groups, each one containing ten goats. Experimental treatments consisted of controlling diet and dietary substitution of forage part with corn silage at 20% of dry matter. The obtained data were analyzed by the mixed model for a randomized completed design using statistical packages of SAS (2002). The replacement of dry forage with corn silage did not affect the dry matter intake (DMI), live body weight, and milk yield. Feeding corn silage, rather than dry forage, had no significant effect on milk unsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, C18:1C9 percentages, and non-esterified fatty acids concentration, and it caused a decline in milk polyunsaturated fatty acids percentage. As well, dietary inclusion of corn silage significantly decreased plasma urea nitrogen content in goats (P<0.05). Furthermore, feeding corn silage led to a significant increase in antioxidant capacity of rumen liquor (P<0.05), plasma (P<0.01), and milk (P<0.01) of lactating goats. Of note, the dietary addition of corn silage caused no significant effects on microbial nitrogen and nitrogen balance in lactating goats. Feeding corn silage did not affect the ruminal total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid at both periods before and after feeding. In general, results indicated that replacing dry forage with corn silage could consequently improve the antioxidant status in Mahabadi lactating goats.

scholarly journals Prepartum and Postpartum Feed Restrictions Affect Blood Metabolites and Hormones Reducing Colostrum and Milk Yields in Fat-Tailed Dairy Sheep

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1258
Author(s):  
Mousa Zarrin ◽  
Meysam Sanginabadi ◽  
Mahrokh Nouri ◽  
Amir Ahmadpour ◽  
Lorenzo E. Hernández-Castellano
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Ctrl Group ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

This study aimed to investigate the effect of prepartum and postpartum feed restriction on body weight (BW), blood metabolites, and hormones as well as colostrum and milk yields and compositions in fat-tailed dairy sheep. In this study, 20 multiparous and pregnant ewes were randomly allocated to either the control (Ctrl; n = 10) or the feed-restricted (FR; n = 10) groups from week −5 to week 5 relative to parturition. Despite dry matter intake being decreased in the FR group compared to the Ctrl throughout both prepartum and postpartum periods, no differences in BW were detected between groups in any of the studied periods. Feed restriction increased both free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations during both prepartum and postpartum periods. Similarly, feed restriction increased triglyceride concentration postpartum. Additionally, feed restriction increased insulin and growth hormone and decreased prolactin concentrations during both prepartum and postpartum periods. Feed restriction caused a decreased colostrum yield and a relative increase of the main colostrum components in the FR group. Similarly, milk yield decreased in the FR group compared to the Ctrl group, although milk components were not affected. In conclusion, feed restriction did not affect BW but decreased colostrum and milk yield in fat-tailed dairy sheep.

scholarly journals Effects of mesquite (Prosopis laevigata) pods as a potential feed material for kids

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
L Pena-Avelino ◽  
I Ceballos-Olvera ◽  
J Alva-Perez ◽  
J Vicente ◽  
J Pinos-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Feed Material ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Matter Basis

To evaluate the dietary inclusion of mesquite pods (Prosopis laevigata) on the growth performance, rumen fermentation, nitrogen balance, blood metabolites and carcass traits, 15 Creole goat kids (12.1 ± 2.8 kg body weight) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets with 0, 300 and 600 g of mesquite pods (dry matter basis). The study lasted 80 days. At the end of this period, the blood and ruminal fluid were sampled and the nitrogen (N) balance was calculated. The growth performance and feed intake were not affected by the mesquite pods. The nitrogen digestibility, N absorbed, and N retained increased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) with the increasing amounts of mesquite pods in the diet. The serum glucose and triglycerides were not affected by the mesquite pods, but the creatinine and uric acid decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) as the mesquite pods increased in the diet. The highest (P &lt; 0.05) rumen pH value, ammonia-N concentration, molar proportion of the acetate and the acetate : propionate ratio was found in the goat kids fed the diet with 600 g when compared to those fed diets with 0 and 300 g mesquite pods. Beneficial dietary effects of mesquite pods on the blood metabolites and N retention of the goat kids were found in this study; therefore, the dietary inclusion of mesquite pods at 600 g/kg can be used as a feed alternative for growing goat kids.

PSXIII-4 Effects of “País” grape marc on in vitro methane production and ruminal fermentation parameters of a forage diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 468-468
Author(s):  
Sandra Suescun-Ospina ◽  
Nelson Vera ◽  
Rita Astudillo ◽  
Jorge Avila-Stagno
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Grape Marc ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Abstract Grape marc (GM) is a viticulture by-product used as cattle supplement in periods of shortage of conventional feed sources. It contains fats, high concentrations of polyphenols and has been reported to reduce enteric methane (CH4) emissions. In-vitro batch culture was used to study the effects of substitution of mixed hay (MH) for a traditional Chilean variety (Vitis vinifera “País”) of GM on in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), rumen fermentation parameters (short chain fatty acids, pH, partitioning factor), gas and CH4 production in a 60% forage diet (dry matter, DM). The study was a randomized complete design with 3 treatments and 3 replicates, incubated for 24 h at 39º C. Treatments were: T1 (Control): 20% MH, 40% corn silage, 40% concentrate; T2 = 10% MH, 10% GM, 40% corn silage, 40% concentrate; T3 = 20% GM, 40% corn silage, 40% concentrate. Means were compared with the Tukey test (P &lt; 0.05), and polynomial contrasts. Substitution of MH with GM significantly reduced ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) by 50% (P &lt; 0.05), although it did not affect IVDMD, gas production or other rumen fermentation parameters (P &gt; 0.05). Total CH4 (mg) linearly decreased (P = 0.013) as concentrations of GM increased. Methane production (mg/g DM incubated) and yield (mg/g DM digested) decreased linearly (P = 0.002 and P = 0.003, respectively) as inclusion of GM increased. Inclusion of GM at 20% reduced CH4 production by 19% and CH4 yield by 16.4%. These results indicate that partial substitution of dietary fiber sources with traditional Chilean País GM in high fiber diets is a viable feeding alternative, and can decrease environmental impact (lower CH4 and ammonia emissions) of ruminant livestock, without negatively affecting rumen fermentation parameters.

EVALUATION OF TRITICALE SILAGE FOR LACTATING COWS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Nutritive Values

The nutritive values of corn and triticale silage were compared in a changeover experiment using eight lactating Holstein cows. Intake of silage dry matter was significantly greater (P < 0.05) for corn silage (9.41 vs. 7.49 kg/100 kg0.75 body weight) than for triticale silage. Solids, corrected milk yield, and protein content were significantly higher (P < 0.01) for corn silage (25.0 vs. 21.4 kg/day and 3.34 vs. 3.11%) than for triticale silage. The apparent digestibility of dry matter for rations containing corn and triticale silage was 67.0 and 64.0%, respectively.

scholarly journals Consequences of herbal mixture supplementation on milk performance, ruminal fermentation, and bacterial diversity in water buffaloes

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11241
Author(s):  
Faizul Hassan ◽  
Zhenhua Tang ◽  
Hossam M. Ebeid ◽  
Mengwei Li ◽  
Kaiping Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Herbal Mixture ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

This study was aimed to evaluate the potential of a herbal mixture (HM) to improve production performance, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid profile in water buffaloes. Sixteen Murrah buffaloes (in four groups) were fed for 10 weeks with the same basal diet supplemented with 0 (control); 20 (HM20), 30 (HM30), and 40 (HM40) g/buffalo per day. The herbal mixture contained an equal quantity of black pepper (fruit), ginger (tubers), cinnamon (bark), peppermint (leaves), ajwain (seeds) and garlic (bulbs). After two weeks of adaptation, daily milk yield, and weekly milk composition were recorded. On the last day of the experiment, rumen contents were collected to determine rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial diversity through 16S rRNA sequencing. Results revealed no effect of treatment on dry matter intake (DMI), rumen fermentation parameters, and daily milk yield. However, milk fat (%) showed a tendency to increase (p = 0.07) in HM20 as compared with the control group. A significant increase in mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids (C14:1, C16:1, C18:2n6 and C18:3) whereas a decrease in saturated fatty acids (C18:0) in milk was observed in HM20 as compared with the control group. No significant change in bacterial diversity parameters (alpha and beta diversity) was observed in response to the treatment. Despite the substantial variation observed in the relative abundance of bacteria among treatment groups, no significant effect of treatment was observed when compared with the control group. Correlation analysis revealed several positive and negative correlations of rumen bacteria with rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) and milk yield traits. Bacterial genera including Succinivibrionaceae, Butyrivibrio, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Lachnospiraceae showed a positive correlation with VFA and milk yield traits. Overall, we observed 52 positive and 10 negative correlations of rumen bacteria with milk fatty acid contents. Our study revealed the potential of the herbal mixture at a lower supplemental level (20 g/day) to increase milk fat (%) and unsaturated fatty acid content in buffalo.

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS OF COMBINING ALFALFA CUBES WITH CORN SILAGE FED TO LACTATING COWS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-565
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Changeover Period ◽  
Feeding Systems

Sixteen Holstein cows in early lactation were assigned to a switch-back experiment consisting of two experimental periods 35 days in length separated by a 7-day changeover period. Treatments consisted of two feeding systems, alfalfa cubes ensiled with corn silage or alfalfa cubes fed with the corn silage. When cows were fed corn–alfalfa cube silage they consumed more forage, 2.26 vs. 2.16% of body weight per cow per day than when they were fed the alfalfa cubes with the silage. Fat-corrected milk yield was somewhat higher, 25.4 vs. 24.0 kg/day; fat percent and fat yield were greater, 3.13 vs. 2.70% and 918 vs. 814 g/day for corn–alfalfa cube silage as compared to cubes added at feeding time. However, milk yield was greater, 29.9 vs. 29.1 kg/day, and milk lactose percent was greater, 5.26 vs. 5.18% for cows fed cubes at feeding time compared to cows fed corn–alfalfa cube silage. There was no difference between feeding systems in blood minerals or metabolites with the exception of plasma urea nitrogen which was higher, 20.2 vs. 17.2 mg %, for the alfalfa cubes fed with the corn silage. Apparent dry matter and protein digestibility for the total ration were 68.1 and 71.6% when corn alfalfa cube silage was fed compared to 65.4 and 68.5% when the cubes were fed with the corn silage (P < 0.05). It was concluded from this study that alfalfa cubes ensiled with corn silage was an effective method of increasing the dry matter and protein content of corn silage and in improving the digestibility of the total ration.

EFFECT OF STAGE OF LACTATION AND DIET ON SERUM INSULIN LEVEL AND MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE INSULIN RECEPTOR CHARACTERISTICS IN DAIRY COWS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. KENNEDY ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
W. M. PALMER ◽  
F. R. TEKPETEY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocyte ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Stage Of Lactation

Blood was collected from and measurements were made of body weight and ultrasonic backfat (US) in ten 2–6 yr old Holstein cows at 8 wk prepartum, 3 d postpartum and at 4, 6 and 12 wk of lactation. Cows were fed a low-fat (LF) total mixed ration containing 3.0% either extract and 13.6% acid detergent fiber ad libitum until day 15 postpartum when some of the diet concentrate was replaced by whole sunflower seeds (four cows) or sunflower seed hulls, sunflower seed meal and tallow (two cows) to yield diets high in fat (6.7 and 6.9%, respectively) and acid detergent fiber (18.1 and 17.9%, respectively). All diets were formulated to have a NE1 of 7.07 MJ kg−1 dry matter and were isonitrogenous. Milk yield and composition were measured daily during each week of blood collection. Radioimmunoassay for insulin was performed on eight serum samples collected at 0.5-h intervals commencing at 0730 h. Specific cell binding (SB) of insulin as well as number of and affinity constants for high affinity (N1, K1, respectively) and low affinity (N2, K2, respectively) insulin receptors were determined on mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) isolated from 250 mL of whole blood. Throughout the trial the US measurement in cows on the LF diet was greater than in cows on the high-fat (HF) diets. Body weight, dry matter intake and milk yield were similar in HF and LF fed cows. Serum insulin concentration was lower 3 d postpartum than prepartum and had increased by 4 wk of lactation. The increase was greater with HF feeding. Insulin SB to MNL was negatively correlated to body weight and N1 was positively correlated to US measurement. Percent insulin SB to MNL at 12 wk of lactation (8.4 ± 1.6) was lower than that found for all other stages of lactation. There was no effect of diet or stage of lactation on K1 and K2 values. At 4 wk of lactation N2 (1.44 ± 0.15 × 104 sites cell−1) was 100 and 50% greater than at 6 and 12 wk of lactation, respectively. Prepartum N2 (1.21 ± 0.17 × 104) did not differ from N2 at any other stage of lactation. At 4 wk of lactation N1 (5.79 ± 0.73 × 102 sites cell−1) tended (P < 0.056) to be greater than that found for all other stages of lactation. There was no significant (P ≥ 0.05) effect of diet on N1, N2, K1, K2 or SB. Key words: Insulin, receptor, mononuclear leukocyte, lactation, dairy cow

scholarly journals Milk yield and composition, feed intake and stocking rate of crossbread cows in tropical grasses managed in a rotational grazing system

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1548-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Massaru Fukumoto ◽  
Julio Cesar Damasceno ◽  
Fermino Deresz ◽  
Carlos Eugênio Martins ◽  
Antônio Carlos Cóser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Grazing System

The objective of this study was to evaluate milk yield and composition, dry matter intake, and stocking rate in pastures with tanzania grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia), star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis cv. Estrela-Africana), and marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu). The grasses were managed in a rotational grazing system with Holstein x Zebu crossbreed cows, with a 30-day resting period and three days of paddock occupation. The pastures were fertilized with 1,000 kg/ha/year using the 20:05:20 (NPK) formula, split in three applications during the rainy season. It was used a complete random block experimental design with three factors being studied and two replications. In the experiment, four cows/paddock were used and, when it was necessary, regulator animals were added in order to obtain a supply of 7% body weight green forage dry matter. The animals were individually fed concentrate at 2 kg/day during the experimental period. Milk yield did not differ among the three grasses, with values of 9.1; 9.1; and 8.7 kg/cow/day for pastures with tanzania grass, star grass and marandu grass, respectively. Similarly, grass did not affect milk chemical composition. Stocking rate was similar among the three grasses, with values of 4.6; 4.5 and 5.0 UA/ha for tanzania grass, star grass and marandu grass, respectively. The highest dry matter intake was observed for tanzania grass with 2.6% of the body weight while stargrass (2.3%) and marandu grass (2.4%) did not differ among each other. The highest dry matter intake on tanzania grass pasture was not reflected on milk yield per animal. Milk yield and composition and stocking rate are similar among the evaluated grasses.

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