scholarly journals Transcriptome-based analysis of the effects of salicylic acid and high light on lipid and astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qunju Hu ◽  
Danqiong Huang ◽  
Anguo Li ◽  
Zhangli Hu ◽  
Zhengquan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
High Light ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Transcriptional Pattern

Abstract Background: The fresh water unicellular alga Haematococcus pluvialis has achieved considerable interests for its capacity to accumulate large amounts of triacylglycerol and astaxanthin under various environmental stresses. To our knowledge, works focusing on transcriptome research of H. pluvialis under exogenous hormones together with physical stresses is rare.Results: In the present study, the change patterns at transcriptome level were analyzed to distinguish the multiple defensive systems of astaxanthin and fatty acid metabolism against exogenous salicylic acid and high light (SAHL) stresses. Based on RNA-seq data, a total of 112,463 unigenes and 61,191 genes were annotated in six databases, including NR, KEGG, Swiss-Prot, PFAM, COG and GO. The top five categorized GO terms based on these genes were “catalytic activity”, “binding”, “cellular process”, “cell” and “cell part”. Furthermore, 705 unigenes predicted as putative transcription factors (TFs) were identified and assigned to 25 families. The top five most abundant TFs families were C3H, MYB, Nin-like, MTB_related and ERF, which were likely to be associated with the biosynthesis of astaxanthin and fatty acid in H. pluvialis upon exposure to the SAHL stresses. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in KEGG identified many transcripts that associated with the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites, photosynthesis, and immune system responses. Additionally, fifteen key genes that involved in astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways presented the same transcriptional pattern in response to the SAHL stresses, and positive correlations were observed among them by Pearson Correlation (PC) analysis, indicating the coordination between astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis also demonstrated that this coordination might be at transcriptional level.Conclusion: The results demonstrated in this study provide valuable information to illustrate the molecular mechanisms of coordinate relations between astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis, which may play a role in both genetic and metabolic engineering efforts to improve astaxanthin and fatty acid production by H. pluvialis.

scholarly journals Transcriptome-based analysis of the effects of salicylic acid and high light on lipid and astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qunju Hu ◽  
Danqiong Huang ◽  
Anguo Li ◽  
Zhangli Hu ◽  
Zhengquan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
High Light ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

Abstract Background The unicellular alga Haematococcus pluvialis has achieved considerable interests for its capacity to accumulate large amounts of triacylglycerol and astaxanthin under various environmental stresses. To our knowledge, studies focusing on transcriptome research of H. pluvialis under exogenous hormones together with physical stresses are rare. In the present study, the change patterns at transcriptome level were analyzed to distinguish the multiple defensive systems of astaxanthin and fatty acid metabolism against exogenous salicylic acid and high light (SAHL) stresses. Results Based on RNA-seq data, a total of 112,463 unigenes and 61,191 genes were annotated in six databases, including NR, KEGG, Swiss-Prot, PFAM, COG and GO. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in KEGG identified many transcripts that associated with the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites, photosynthesis, and immune system responses. Furthermore, 705 unigenes predicted as putative transcription factors (TFs) were identified, and the most abundant TFs families were likely to be associated with the biosynthesis of astaxanthin and fatty acid in H. pluvialis upon exposure to SAHL stresses. Additionally, majority of the fifteen key genes involved in astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways presented the same expression pattern, resulting in increased accumulation of astaxanthin and fatty acids in single celled H. pluvialis, in which astaxanthin content increased from 0.56 ± 0.05 mg·L−1 at stage Control to 0.89 ± 0.12 mg·L−1 at stage SAHL_48. And positive correlations were observed among these studied genes by Pearson Correlation (PC) analysis, indicating the coordination between astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis. In addition, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis also demonstrated that this coordination might be at transcriptional level. Conclusion The results in this study provided valuable information to illustrate the molecular mechanisms of coordinate relations between astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis. And salicylic acid might play a role in self-protection processes of cells, helping adaption of H. pluvialis to high light stress.

scholarly journals Transcriptome-based analysis of the effects of salicylic acid and high light on lipid and astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qunju Hu ◽  
Danqiong Huang ◽  
Anguo Li ◽  
Zhangli Hu ◽  
Zhengquan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
High Light ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

Abstract Background: The unicellular alga Haematococcus pluvialis has achieved considerable interests for its capacity to accumulate large amounts of triacylglycerol and astaxanthin under various environmental stresses. To our knowledge, studies focusing on transcriptome research of H. pluvialis under exogenous hormones together with physical stresses are rare. In the present study, the change patterns at transcriptome level were analyzed to distinguish the multiple defensive systems of astaxanthin and fatty acid metabolism against exogenous salicylic acid and high light (SAHL) stresses. Results: Based on RNA-seq data, a total of 112,463 unigenes and 61,191 genes were annotated in six databases, including NR, KEGG, Swiss-Prot, PFAM, COG and GO. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in KEGG identified many transcripts that associated with the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites, photosynthesis, and immune system responses. Furthermore, 705 unigenes predicted as putative transcription factors (TFs) were identified, and the most abundant TFs families were likely to be associated with the biosynthesis of astaxanthin and fatty acid in H. pluvialis upon exposure to SAHL stresses. Additionally, majority of the fifteen key genes involved in astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways presented the same expression pattern, resulting in increased accumulation of astaxanthin and fatty acids in single celled H. pluvialis, in which astaxanthin content increased from 0.56±0.05 mg·L-1 at stage Control to 0.89±0.12 mg·L-1 at stage SAHL_48. And positive correlations were observed among these studied genes by Pearson Correlation (PC) analysis, indicating the coordination between astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis. In addition, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis also demonstrated that this coordination might be at transcriptional level.Conclusion: The results in this study provided valuable information to illustrate the molecular mechanisms of coordinate relations between astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis. And salicylic acid might play a role in self-protection processes of cells, helping adaption of H. pluvialis to high light stress.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Mapping of Histone H3 Lysine 4 Trimethylation (H3K4me3) and Its Involvement in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Sunflower Developing Seeds

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 706
Author(s):  
Antonio J. Moreno-Pérez ◽  
Raquel Martins-Noguerol ◽  
Cristina DeAndrés-Gil ◽  
Mónica Venegas-Calerón ◽  
Rosario Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Genome Wide

Histone modifications are of paramount importance during plant development. Investigating chromatin remodeling in developing oilseeds sheds light on the molecular mechanisms controlling fatty acid metabolism and facilitates the identification of new functional regions in oil crop genomes. The present study characterizes the epigenetic modifications H3K4me3 in relationship with the expression of fatty acid-related genes and transcription factors in developing sunflower seeds. Two master transcriptional regulators identified in this analysis, VIV1 (homologous to Arabidopsis ABI3) and FUS3, cooperate in the regulation of WRINKLED 1, a transcriptional factor regulating glycolysis, and fatty acid synthesis in developing oilseeds.

scholarly journals Identification of genes associated with the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid and oil accumulation in herbaceous peony ‘Hangshao’ (Paeonia lactiflora ‘Hangshao’) seeds based on transcriptome analysis

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Song Meng ◽  
Yu-Han Tang ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Da-Qiu Zhao ◽  
Ke-Liang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Paeonia Lactiflora ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Oil Accumulation ◽  
Herbaceous Peony

Abstract Background Paeonia lactiflora ‘Hangshao’ is widely cultivated in China as a traditional Chinese medicine ‘Radix Paeoniae Alba’. Due to the abundant unsaturated fatty acids in its seed, it can also be regarded as a new oilseed plant. However, the process of the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in it has remained unknown. Therefore, transcriptome analysis is helpful to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results Five main fatty acids were detected, including stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, and their absolute contents first increased and then decreased during seed development. A total of 150,156 unigenes were obtained by transcriptome sequencing. There were 15,005 unigenes annotated in the seven functional databases, including NR, NT, GO, KOG, KEGG, Swiss-Prot and InterPro. Based on the KEGG database, 1766 unigenes were annotated in the lipid metabolism. There were 4635, 12,304, and 18,291 DEGs in Group I (60 vs 30 DAF), Group II (90 vs 60 DAF) and Group III (90 vs 30 DAF), respectively. A total of 1480 DEGs were detected in the intersection of the three groups. In 14 KEGG pathways of lipid metabolism, 503 DEGs were found, belonging to 111 enzymes. We screened out 123 DEGs involved in fatty acid biosynthesis (39 DEGs), fatty acid elongation (33 DEGs), biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid (24 DEGs), TAG assembly (17 DEGs) and lipid storage (10 DEGs). Furthermore, qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression patterns of 16 genes, including BBCP, BC, MCAT, KASIII, KASII, FATA, FATB, KCR, SAD, FAD2, FAD3, FAD7, GPAT, DGAT, OLE and CLO, most of which showed the highest expression at 45 DAF, except for DGAT, OLE and CLO, which showed the highest expression at 75 DAF. Conclusions We predicted that MCAT, KASIII, FATA, SAD, FAD2, FAD3, DGAT and OLE were the key genes in the unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and oil accumulation in herbaceous peony seed. This study provides the first comprehensive genomic resources characterizing herbaceous peony seed gene expression at the transcriptional level. These data lay the foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of fatty acid biosynthesis and oil accumulation for herbaceous peony.

scholarly journals Global scale transcriptome analysis reveal differentially expressed genes during early somatic embryogenesis in Dimocarpus longan Lour

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukun Chen ◽  
Xiaoping Xu ◽  
Zhuanxia Liu ◽  
Zihao Zhang ◽  
XuHan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Encoding Genes

Abstract Background Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a process of somatic cells that dedifferentiate to the totipotent embryonic stem cells and generate embryos in vitro. Longan SE has been established and wildly used as a model system for studying embryogenesis in woody plants, and some SE-related genes had been characterized. In spite of that, a comprehensive overview of SE at a molecular level is still absent. With the aim of understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying SE in longan, we examined the transcriptome changes by using Illumina HiSeq platform from the four distinct developmental stages, including non-embryogenic callus (NEC), embryogenic callus (EC), incomplete compact pro-embryogenic cultures (ICpEC), globular embryos (GE). Results RNA-seq of the four samples generated a total of 243.78 million high quality reads, approximately 81.5% of the data were mapped to the reference genome. The cDNA libraries of NEC, EC, ICpEC and GE, generated 22743, 19745, 21144, 21102 expressed transcripts and 1935, 1710, 1816, 1732 novel transcripts, and 2645, 366, 505, 588 unique genes, respectively. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed the important role of auxin and cytokinin during longan SE. The transcripts profiling of flavonoid and fatty acid biosynthesis related genes suggested that flavonoids were mainly accumulated in NEC, while fatty acid accumulated in early SE. In addition, the extracelluar protein encoding genes LTP, CHI, GLP, AGP, EP1 were related to longan SE. Transcript profiling combined with qRT-PCR performed on selected genes confirmed that 27 SE molecular markers (LEC1, LEC1-like, PDF1.3, GH3.6, AGL80, PIN1, BBM, WOX9, WOX2, ABI3, et al.) and 28 NEC markers (LEA5, CNOT3, DC2.15, PR1-1, NsLTP2, DIR1, PIP1, PIP2.1, TIP2-1, POD-P7 and POD5 et al.) were characterized as potential molecular markers for longan early SE, respectively. Conclusion Our transcriptome reveals the transcription regulation of auxin, cytokinin and other hormones signaling pathway, flavonoids biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, extracelluar protein encoding genes, and other SE-related genes during early SE. Furthermore, we characterizes the potential molecular markers to distinguish NEC and early SE of longan. The present work provides new insights into future functional studies, as a means of studying the molecular mechanisms in SE.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis of Chelidonium majus elaiosomes and seeds provide insights into fatty acid biosynthesis

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayue Wu ◽  
Linlin Peng ◽  
Shubin Dong ◽  
Xiaofei Xia ◽  
Liangcheng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acyl Carrier Protein ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Chelidonium Majus ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Young Seed

Background Elaiosomes are specialized fleshy and edible seed appendages dispersed by ants. Lipids are the primary components of elaiosomes. Chelidonium majus is a well-known plant, the seeds of which are dispersed by ants. Previous studies have identified the presence of primary fatty acids in its elaiosomes and seeds. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying fatty acid biosynthesis in elaiosomes remain unknown. Methods In order to gain a comprehensive transcriptional profile of the elaiosomes and seeds of C. majus, and understand the expression patterns of genes associated with fatty acid biosynthesis, four different developmental stages, including the flower-bud (Ch01), flowering (Ch02), young seed (Ch03), and mature seed (Ch04) stages, were chosen to perform whole-transcriptome profiling through the RNA-seq technology (Illumina NGS sequencing). Results A total of 63,064 unigenes were generated from 12 libraries. Of these, 7,323, 258, and 11,540 unigenes were annotated with 25 Cluster of Orthologous Groups, 43 Gene Ontology terms, and 373 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, respectively. In addition, 322 genes were involved in lipid transport and metabolism, and 508 genes were involved in the lipid metabolism pathways. A total of 41 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the lipid metabolism pathways were identified, most of which were upregulated in Ch03 compared to Ch02, indicating that fatty acid biosynthesis primarily occurs during the flowering to the young seed stages. Of the DEGs, acyl-ACP thioesterases, acyl carrier protein desaturase (DESA1), and malonyl CoA-ACP transacylase were involved in palmitic acid synthesis; stearoyl-CoA desaturase and DESA1 were involved in oleic acid synthesis, and acyl-lipid omega-6 desaturase was involved in linoleic acid synthesis.

scholarly journals Haematococcus pluvialis Accumulated Lipid and Astaxanthin in a Moderate and Sustainable Way by the Self-Protection Mechanism of Salicylic Acid Under Sodium Acetate Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qunju Hu ◽  
Mingjian Song ◽  
Danqiong Huang ◽  
Zhangli Hu ◽  
Yan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Massive Cell Death ◽  
Self Protection

To elucidate the mechanism underlying increased fatty acid and astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis, transcriptome analysis was performed to gain insights into the multiple defensive systems elicited by salicylic acid combined with sodium acetate (SAHS) stresses with a time course. Totally, 112,886 unigenes and 61,323 non-repeat genes were identified, and genes involved in carbon metabolism, primary and secondary metabolism, and immune system responses were identified. The results revealed that SA and NaAC provide both energy and precursors to improve cell growth of H. pluvialis and enhance carbon assimilation, astaxanthin, and fatty acids production in this microalga with an effective mechanism. Interestingly, SA was considered to play an important role in lowering transcriptional activity of the fatty acid and astaxanthin biosynthesis genes through self-protection metabolism in H. pluvialis, leading to its adaption to HS stress and finally avoiding massive cell death. Moreover, positive correlations between 15 key genes involved in astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were found, revealing cooperative relation between these pathways at the transcription level. These results not only enriched our knowledge of the astaxanthin accumulation mechanism in H. pluvialis but also provided a new view on increasing astaxanthin production in H. pluvialis by a moderate and sustainable way in the future.

scholarly journals Molecular mechanisms of the coordination between astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis inHaematococcus pluvialis(Chlorophyceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanqun Chen ◽  
Baobei Wang ◽  
Danxiang Han ◽  
Milton Sommerfeld ◽  
Yinghua Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Dynamic transcriptome analysis identifies genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis in the seeds of Prunus pedunculata Pall

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenquan Bao ◽  
Dun Ao ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Zhihao Ling ◽  
Maoshan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Gene Annotation ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Oil Accumulation ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Developing Seeds ◽  
Developing Seed

Abstract Background Prunus pedunculata Pall, the deciduous shrub of Amygdalus subgenus in Rosaceae, is a new kind of desert oil-bearing tree. It has a long story of being planted in the West and North of China for sand fixation and desert control. In addition, the seeds of P. pedunculata are rich of oil, especially the monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of oil accumulation during the seed development of P. pedunculata. Results The seeds of P. pedunculata from three independent plants at 10, 18, 24, 31, 39, 45, 59 and 73 days after flowering (DAF) were obtained and the oil compositions were evaluated. It showed that oleic acid was the dominant type of oil content in the mature seeds (from 32.724% at 10DAF to 72.06% at 73DAF). Next, transcriptome sequencing for the developing seeds produced 988.795 million high quality reads and TRINITY assembled 326,271 genes for the first transcriptome for P. pedunculata. After the assembled transcriptome was evaluated by BUSCO with 85.9% completeness, we identified 195,342, 109,850 and 121,897 P. pedunculata genes aligned to NR, GO and KEGG pathway databases, respectively. Then, we predicted 23,229 likely proteins from the assembled transcriptome and identified 1917 signal peptides and 5512 transmembrane related proteins. In the developing seeds we detected 91,362 genes (average FPKM > 5) and correlation analysis indicated three possible development stages – early (10 ~ 24DAF), middle (31 ~ 45DAF) and late (59 ~ 73DAF). We next analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the developing seeds. Interestingly, compared to 10DAF the number of DEGs was increased from 4406 in 18DAF to 27,623 in 73DAF. Based on the gene annotation, we identified 753, 33, 8 and 645 DEGs related to the fatty acid biosynthesis, lipid biosynthesis, oil body and transcription factors. Notably, GPAT, DGD1, LACS2, UBC and RINO were highly expressed at the early development stage, ω6-FAD, SAD, ACP, ACCA and AHG1 were highly expressed at the middle development stage, and LACS6, DGD1, ACAT1, AGPAT, WSD1, EGY2 and oleosin genes were highly expressed at the late development stage. Conclusions This is the first time to study the developing seed transcriptome of P. pedunculata and our findings will provide a valuable resource for future studies. More importantly, it will improve our understanding of molecular mechanisms of oil accumulation in P. pedunculata.

Inhibition of early steps of de novo fatty-acid biosynthesis by different xenobiotica

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
Manfred Focke ◽  
Andrea Feld ◽  
Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis
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