scholarly journals Greenspace availability or greenspace usability, which matters on PM2.5-related premature deaths: evidence from 360 cities in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingru Yang ◽  
Yijin Wang ◽  
Fangzheng Li ◽  
Yuge Xie ◽  
Xiaoli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Deprivation Index ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Deprived Areas

Abstract Greenspace exposure is confirmed to reduce air pollution-related negative health impact. However, which type of greenspace exposure matters more on mitigating air pollution-related deaths and whether this effect is regionally different remain unclear. Here we show, greenspace usability exposure plays a more significant role in mitigating PM2.5-related premature deaths in 360 China cities generally speaking. By clustering 360 cities into urban-rural and Deprivation Index groups, we further find that greenspace availability and usability together work on respiratory health in rural regions, and greenspace availability matters more in very low deprived areas or urban and rural regions. Our results that increasing greenspace usability exposure is more helpful in reducing air pollution-related premature deaths may inform more effective and equitable greenspace planning policies in rapidly developing countries like China.

scholarly journals Estimating Health Impacts Due to the Reduction of Particulate Air Pollution from the Household Sector Expected under Various Scenarios

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Łukasz Adamkiewicz ◽  
Maciej Kryza ◽  
Dominika Mucha ◽  
Małgorzata Werner ◽  
Anna Gayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Household Sector ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Lower Silesia ◽  
The Eu

Emissions from the household sector are the most significant source of air pollution in Poland, one of the most polluted countries in the EU. Estimated health impacts of the reduction of these emissions under three scenarios are presented. The EMEP4PL model and base year emission inventory were used to estimate average annual PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations with spatial resolution of 4 km × 4 km. The change in emissions under each of the scenarios was based on data from a survey on household boilers and insulation. Scenario 1 included replacement of all poor-quality coal-fired boilers with gas boilers; Scenario 2 included replacement of all poor-quality coal-fired boilers with low-emission boilers but still using solid fuels; and Scenario 3 included the thermal refurbishment of houses with the worst insulation. Impacts on the following health parameters were estimated: premature deaths (PD), Chronic Bronchitis (CB), Bronchitis in Children (BiC) and Work Days Lost (WDL). The concentration–response functions recommended by the WHO HRAPIE project were used. The analysis was conducted for two regions: Lower Silesia and Lodzkie province. The largest reduction of health impact was observed for Scenario 1. For Lower Silesia, the annual PD decreased by 1122 (34.3%), CB by 1516 (26.6%), BiC by 9602 (27.7%) and WDL by 481k (34.7%). For Lodzkie province, the largest impacts were estimated as decreases in PD by 1438 (29.9%), CB by 1502 (25.3%), BiC by 9880 (26.8%) and WDL by 669k (30.4%).

scholarly journals Health Impact Attributable to Improvement of PM2.5 Pollution from 2014–2018 and Its Potential Benefits by 2030 in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9690
Author(s):  
Yu Ma ◽  
Deping Li ◽  
Liang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Control Target ◽  
Potential Benefits

With the advancement of urbanization and industrialization, air pollution has become one of the biggest challenges for sustainable development. In recent years, ambient PM2.5 concentrations in China have declined substantially due to the combined effect of PM2.5 control and meteorological conditions. To this end, it is critical to assess the health impact attributable to PM2.5 pollution improvement and to explore the potential benefits which may be obtained through the achievement of future PM2.5 control targets. Based on PM2.5 and population data with a 1 km resolution, premature mortality caused by exposure to PM2.5 in China from 2014 to 2018 was estimated using the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM). Then, the potential benefits of achieving PM2.5 control targets were estimated for 2030. The results show that premature mortality caused by PM2.5 pollution decreased by 22.41%, from 2,361,880 in 2014 to 1,832,470 in 2018. Moreover, the reduction of premature mortality in six major regions of China accounted for 52.82% of the national total reduction. If the PM2.5 control target can be achieved by 2030, PM2.5-related premature deaths will further decrease by 403,050, accounting for 21.99% of those in 2018. Among them, 87.02% of cities exhibited decreases in premature deaths. According to the potential benefits in 2030, all cities were divided into three types, of which type III cities should set stricter PM2.5 control targets and further strengthen the associated monitoring and governance. The results of this study provide a reference for the formulation of air pollution control policies based on regional differences.

scholarly journals Air pollution trade-offs in developing countries: an empirical model of health effects in Goa, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra Das ◽  
Vikram Dayal ◽  
Anand Murugesan ◽  
Uma Rajarathnam
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Household Air Pollution ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Simultaneous Exposure ◽  
Total Exposure ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract Developing countries experience both household air pollution resulting from the use of biomass fuels for cooking and industrial air pollution. We conceptualise and estimate simultaneous exposure to both outdoor and household air pollution by adapting the Total Exposure Assessment model from environmental health sciences. To study the relationship between total exposure and health, we collected comprehensive data from a region (Goa) in India that had extensive mining activity. Our data allowed us to apportion individuals’ exposure to pollution in micro-environments: indoor, outdoor, kitchen, and at work. We find that higher cumulative exposure to air pollution is positively associated with both self-reported and clinically- diagnosed respiratory health issues. Households in regions with higher economic (mining) activity had higher incomes and had switched to cleaner cooking fuels. In other words, household air pollution due to higher biomass use had been substituted away for outdoor air pollution in regions with economic activity.

scholarly journals Analysis of the impact of road transport emissions into the atmosphere on the example of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 06011
Author(s):  
Diana Lotnikova ◽  
Vladimir Nagorny
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Regulation ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
The Impact

Emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere in Russian cities in 2000-2020 from stationary sources decreased slightly, but emissions from mobile sources increased. Premature mortality from chemical air pollution alone is estimated, at 40-80 thousand people per year. The increase in air pollution by motor vehicles, due to the growth of road transport and the fleet of cars. There is no significant transition to environmentally friendly transport. The health impact of high levels of urban population, premature deaths per year, and economic damage of over 8% of GDP. There is an increase in air pollution by motor vehicles, due to the growth of road transport and the fleet of cars. In recent years, the global energy markets have seen a decline in the growth of demand for hydrocarbons. This is largely due to the long-term trend towards decarbonization, which involves the introduction of energy-efficient technologies, the spread of the price of carbon, and the accelerated development of low-carbon and carbon-free energy sources. To reduce the risks of carbon regulation, as well as to realize new opportunities, it is necessary to create an effective national strategy for low-carbon development of Russia and an effective system of carbon regulation.

scholarly journals Premature Adult Death and Equity Impact of a Reduction of NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 Levels in Paris—A Health Impact Assessment Study Conducted at the Census Block Level

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahida Kihal-Talantikite ◽  
Pierre Legendre ◽  
Pauline Le Nouveau ◽  
Séverine Deguen
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Census Block ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure ◽  
Dose Response Function

Background: To support environmental policies aiming to tackle air pollution, quantitative health impact assessments (HIAs) stand out as one of the best decision-making tools. However, no risk assessment studies have quantified or mapped the health and equity impact of air pollution reduction at a small spatial scale. Objectives: We developed a small-area analysis of the impact of air pollution on “premature” death among an adult population over 30 years of age to quantify and map the health and equity impact related to a reduction of air pollution. Methods: All-cause mortality data of an adult population (>30 years) from January 2004 to December 2009 were geocoded at the residential census block level in Paris. Each census block was assigned socioeconomic deprivation levels and annual average ambient concentrations of NO2, PM10, and PM2.5. HIAs were used to estimate, at a small-area level, the number of “premature” deaths associated with a hypothetical reduction of NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 exposure. In total, considering global dose response function for the three pollutants and socioeconomic deprivation specific dose response function, nine HIAs were performed for NO2 and six and four HIAs for PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. Finally, a clustering approach was used to quantify how the number of “premature” deaths could vary according to deprivation level. Results: The number of deaths attributable to NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 exposure were equal to 4301, 3209, and 2662 deaths, respectively. The most deprived census blocks always appeared as one of the groups most impacted by air pollution. Our findings showed that “premature” deaths attributable to NO2 were not randomly distributed over the study area, with a cluster of excess “premature” deaths located in the northeastern area of Paris. Discussion: This study showed the importance of stratifying an environmental burden of disease study on the socioeconomic level, in order to take into consideration the modifier effect of socioeconomic status on the air pollution-mortality relationship. In addition, we demonstrated the value of spatial analysis to guide decision-making. This shows the need for tools to support priority-setting and to guide policymakers in their choice of environmental initiatives that would maximize health gains and reduce social inequalities in health.

Air pollution and social deprivation as the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Poznanska ◽  
W Seroka ◽  
J Stokwiszewski ◽  
B Wojtyniak
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Deprivation Index ◽  
Pm 10 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Deprived Areas

Abstract Background The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (I00-I99; ICD-10) is known to be higher in deprived and polluted areas. This Polish district-level study focuses on a possible synergistic effect of deprivation and PM-10 concentration on mortality and hospitalised morbidity due to I00-I99 in 2015-2017. Methods This study concerns all 141 districts where PM-10 has been monitored by the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection. The Generalized Linear Model method was used to assess the contribution of PM-10 concentration, the deprivation index (DI, a published synthetic measure of district's social status), the percentage of urban dwellers in the district, and their interactions with PM-10 to age-standardised mortality and hospitalisation rates. Demographic data come from Statistics Poland, and the hospitalisation ones from NIPH-NIH. The analysis was conducted for males, females, their 65+ aged subcohorts, and general population. Results For all cohorts, PM-10 pollution significantly contributes to the increase in both hospitalisation and mortality rates (e.g. for males 7% [95%CI: 2-12%] and 12% [3-21%] per 10μg/m3, respectively). The deprivation impact is also significant (e.g. for males p = 0.004 and 0.006), the DI standardised regression coefficients exceed 2-3-fold these of PM-10. The PM-10 effect was found stronger in rural areas than in the urban ones. In the case of hospitalisation, no synergy was found between PM-10 and DI, while negative synergy effect was observed for mortality (e.g. p = 0.030 for males, 0.011 for males aged 65+). Conclusions Both deprivation and PM-10 concentration increase hospitalised morbidity and mortality due to I00-I99, however, only for hospitalisation is the effect additive. Unexpectedly, the impact of air pollution on mortality is lower in deprived areas. This effect is even stronger for older population. Key messages The impact of social status on mortality and hospitalised morbidity due to cardiovascular diseases in Poland exceeds that of the environmental factor (PM-10 concentration). The negative synergic effect of deprivation index and PM-10 concentration on mortality was identified - the impact of air pollution is lower in deprived areas.

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