scholarly journals Preliminary Evidence That Lectins in Infant Soy Formula Apparently Bind Bovine Milk Exosomes and Prevent Their Absorption in Healthy Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezra Mutai ◽  
Alice Ngu ◽  
Janos Zempleni
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Lectin Affinity Chromatography ◽  
Reverse Transcription Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Randomized Crossover Study

Abstract Background: Milk exosomes and their microRNA (miR) cargos are bioavailable. The content of exosomes and miRs is negligible in infant formulas compared to human milk, and dietary depletion of exosomes led to changes in bacterial communities and impaired gut health in juvenile mice. Adverse effects of formula feeding may be compounded by using soy formulas due to exosome binding by abundant lectins in that matrix. The purpose of this study was to assess the bioavailability of milk exosomes and their miR cargos added to soy formula in adults, as well as the potential role of soy lectins in exosome bioavailability.Methods: Eleven healthy adults (6 men, 5 women) enrolled in this randomized crossover study. Participants consumed 1.0 liter of soy formula without (SF) or with (SFE) bovine milk exosomes added. Concentration-time curves of six plasma miRs were analyzed using reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Lectin affinity chromatography was used to assess the binding of exosomes by soy lectins. Data were analyzed by using paired t test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Consumption of SF and SFE did not elicit postprandial increases in plasma miRs. Approximately 39% of bovine milk exosome particles were retained by lectin columns.Conclusions: We conclude that fortification of soy formulas with milk exosomes, in the absence of removing lectins, is not a viable strategy for delivering bioavailable exosomes and their miR cargos. Lectins in soy formulas bind glycoprotein on the surfaces of milk exosomes, thereby preventing exosome absorption.Trial RegistrationISRCTN registry ID: 16329971. Retrospectively registered on February 7th, 2019.

Efficacy of probiotics in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review of preclinical trials and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinchi Jiang ◽  
Chuanqi Chu ◽  
Caie Wu ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Chengcheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Preclinical Trials

Preliminary evidence shows the potential role of probiotics in ameliorating multiple sclerosis (MS); however, the effects of probiotics on MS remain unclear.

scholarly journals Serum-to-urine renalase ratio and its differences between healthy adults and chronic kidney disease patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Maria Serwin ◽  
Magda Wiśniewska ◽  
Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć ◽  
Krzysztof Safranow ◽  
Edyta Skwirczyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract Background Renalase is a flavoprotein involved in pathomechanisms of chronic kidney disease and heart and circulatory system disorders. Secretion and way of action of this protein are still discussed. Aim of our study was to initially estimate the balance between serum and urine renalase in healthy adults and to compare obtained ratio to chronic kidney disease patients. Methods Our study involved 28 healthy volunteers and 62 patients with diagnosed chronic kidney disease in stages I to IV. Concentration of renalase in blood serum and urine was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Uscn Life Science, Wuhan, China). We analyzed serum-to-urine renalase proportion in both groups and evaluated the differences using Mann Whitney U-test. Results Renalase serum-to-urine ratio was significantly higher in chronic kidney disease patients in comparison with control group (1.146 and 0.177, respectively; p<0.05). Also renalase serum-to-urine/mg creatinine ratio was higher in CKD patients than in healthy subjects (0.863 and 0.176, respectively; p<0.05). In both groups, no correlation between renalase concentration or serum-to-urine ratio, and eGFR, was found. Conclusions Renalase is involved in chronic kidney disease pathomechanism and is highly secreted and cumulated in blood of subjects with chronic kidney disease, what is accompanied by reduction of urinary renalase excretion. This may occur due to the potential role of renalase as a cytokine, preventing further kidney, and probably heart, dysfunction or injury. Chronic kidney disease causes higher expression of renalase, but its balance between serum and urine depends on more factors and conditions, involved in CKD pathomechanism.

scholarly journals Expression of Killer Immunoglobulin Receptor Genes among HIV-Infected Individuals with Non-AIDS Comorbidities

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Farouk F. Abou Hassan ◽  
Mirna Bou Hamdan ◽  
Khalil El Asmar ◽  
Nada M. Melhem
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Immunoglobulin Receptor ◽  
Combined Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Immunoglobulin Receptors

Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLHIV) and remarkably reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection. However, non-AIDS associated comorbidities including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are increasingly reported among PLHIV receiving cART. Killer cell immunoglobulin receptors (KIRs) expressed on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells have been previously implicated in controlling HIV disease progression. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of KIRs in developing non-AIDS associated comorbidities among PLHIV. Demographic and behavioral data were collected from voluntary participants using a standardized questionnaire. Whole blood samples were collected for KIR genotyping. Hypertension (29.5%) and hyperlipidemia (29.5%) followed by diabetes (23.7%) and CVD (9.7%) were mainly reported among our study participants with higher rate of comorbid conditions observed among participants > 40 years old. The observed KIR frequency (OF) was ≥90% for inhibitory KIR2DL1 and KIR3DL1, activating KIR2DS4 and the pseudogene KIR2DP1 among study participants. We detected significant differences in the expression of KIR3DS4 and KIR3DL1 ( p = 0.038 ) between diabetic and nondiabetic and in the expression of KIR2DL3 between hypertensive and normotensive HIV-infected individuals ( p = 0.047 ). Moreover, KIR2DL1 and KIR2DP1 were associated with significantly reduced odds of having CVD (OR 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01-0.69; p = 0.022 ). Our study suggests the potential role of KIR in predisposition to non-AIDS comorbidities among PLHIV and underscores the need for more studies to further elucidate the role of KIRs in this population.

scholarly journals Exploring Biologic Correlates of Cancer-Related Fatigue in Men With Prostate Cancer: Cell Damage Pathways and Oxidative Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-519
Author(s):  
Kristin Dickinson ◽  
Adam J. Case ◽  
Kevin Kupzyk ◽  
Leorey Saligan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Cancer Related Fatigue ◽  
Targeted Treatments ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The pathobiology of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) remains elusive, hindering the development of targeted treatments. Radiation therapy (RT), a common treatment for men with prostate cancer, induces cell damage through the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress. We hypothesized that disruption in cellular responses to this surge of nonphysiological oxidative stress might contribute to CRF in men with prostate cancer treated with RT. We evaluated the potential role of three cell damage pathways (apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis) and oxidative stress in CRF in men with prostate cancer receiving RT. Fatigue was measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue (FACT-F) questionnaire. Gene expression was measured in whole blood using RT2 profiler™ PCR arrays. Data were collected at two time points: either baseline or Day 1 of treatment (T1) and completion of treatment (T2). Participants were grouped into either the fatigued or nonfatigued phenotype at T2 using the recommended FACT-F cut-off score for clinical significance. We observed significant upregulation of seven genes related to three cell damage pathways in the fatigued group from T1 to T2 and no significant changes in the nonfatigued group. We also observed significant downregulation of two genes related to oxidative stress in the fatigued group compared to the nonfatigued group at T2. These collective results provide preliminary evidence that cell damage might be upregulated in the CRF phenotype. Validation of these findings using a larger and more diverse sample is warranted.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

You Are the One I Want to Communicate With!

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Pierucci ◽  
Olivier Klein ◽  
Andrea Carnaghi
Keyword(s):  
Memory Bias ◽  
Shared Reality ◽  
Communication Partner ◽  
Shared Reality Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Study Participants

This article investigates the role of relational motives in the saying-is-believing effect ( Higgins & Rholes, 1978 ). Building on shared reality theory, we expected this effect to be most likely when communicators were motivated to “get along” with the audience. In the current study, participants were asked to describe an ambiguous target to an audience who either liked or disliked the target. The audience had been previously evaluated as a desirable vs. undesirable communication partner. Only participants who communicated with a desirable audience tuned their messages to suit their audience’s attitude toward the target. In line with predictions, they also displayed an audience-congruent memory bias in later recall.

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