scholarly journals Systems-wide Effects of Short-term Feed Deprivation in Obese Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Andersen ◽  
Henrik Roager ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Janne Moll ◽  
Henrik Frandsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Feed Deprivation ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract While prolonged fasting induces significant metabolic changes in humans and mice, less is known about systems-wide metabolic changes in response to short-term feed deprivation, which is used in experimental animal studies prior to metabolic challenge tests, and hence, information on the effects of varying length of feed deprivation is warranted. We here performed a systems biology-based investigation of connections between gut bacterial composition and function, inflammatory and metabolic parameters in the intestine, liver, visceral adipose tissue, blood and urine in obese mice that were feed deprived for varying durations up to 12 hours. The systems-wide analysis revealed that increased duration of feed deprivation linked to enhanced intestinal butyric acid production and expression of the gene encoding the pro-thermogenic uncoupling protein UCP1 in visceral adipose tissue of obese mice. Ucp1 expression was also positively associated with Il33 expression in ileum, colon and adipose tissue as well as with the abundance of colonic Porphyromonadaceae, the latter also correlating to cecal butyric acid levels. Collectively, the data highlighted presence of a three-tiered system of inter-tissue communication involving intestinal, immune and metabolic functions which is affected by the duration of feed deprivation in obese mice, thus pointing to careful use of short-feed deprivation in metabolic studies using mice.

scholarly journals Systems-wide effects of short-term feed deprivation in obese mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Andersen ◽  
Henrik Munch Roager ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Janne Marie Moll ◽  
Henrik Lauritz Frandsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Feed Deprivation ◽  
Visceral Adipose

AbstractWhile prolonged fasting induces significant metabolic changes in humans and mice, less is known about systems-wide metabolic changes in response to short-term feed deprivation, which is used in experimental animal studies prior to metabolic challenge tests. We here performed a systems biology-based investigation of connections between gut bacterial composition and function, inflammatory and metabolic parameters in the intestine, liver, visceral adipose tissue, blood and urine in high-fat fed, obese mice that were feed deprived up to 12 h. The systems-wide analysis revealed that feed deprivation linked to enhanced intestinal butyric acid production and expression of the gene encoding the pro-thermogenic uncoupling protein UCP1 in visceral adipose tissue of obese mice. Ucp1 expression was also positively associated with Il33 expression in ileum, colon and adipose tissue as well as with the abundance of colonic Porphyromonadaceae, the latter also correlating to cecal butyric acid levels. Collectively, the data highlighted presence of a multi-tiered system of inter-tissue communication involving intestinal, immune and metabolic functions which is affected by feed deprivation in obese mice, thus pointing to careful use of short-feed deprivation in metabolic studies using obese mice.

scholarly journals Systems-wide effects of short-term feed deprivation in obese mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Andersen ◽  
Henrik Munch Roager ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Janne Marie Moll ◽  
Henrik Lauritz Frandsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Feed Deprivation ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Background While prolonged fasting induces significant metabolic changes in humans and mice, less is known about systems-wide metabolic changes in response to short-term feed deprivation, which traditionally has been used in experimental animal studies prior to metabolic challenge tests. Methods We here performed a systems biology-based investigation of connections between gut bacterial composition and function, inflammatory and metabolic parameters in the intestine, liver, visceral adipose tissue, blood and urine in obese mice that were feed deprived for varying durations up to 12 hours. Results Our analysis revealed that increased duration of feed deprivation linked to enhanced intestinal butyric acid production and expression of the gene encoding the pro-thermogenic uncoupling protein UCP1 in visceral adipose tissue of obese mice. Ucp1 expression was also positively associated with Il33 expression in ileum, colon and adipose tissue as well as with the abundance of colonic Porphyromonadaceae, the latter also correlating to cecal butyric acid levels. Conclusions The data highlighted presence of a three-tiered system of inter-tissue communication involving intestinal, immune and metabolic functions which is affected by the duration of feed deprivation in obese mice.

scholarly journals Systems-wide effects of short-term feed deprivation in obese mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Andersen ◽  
Henrik Munch Roager ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Janne Marie Moll ◽  
Henrik Lauritz Frandsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Feed Deprivation ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Background: While prolonged fasting induces significant metabolic changes in humans and mice, less is known about systems-wide metabolic changes in response to short-term feed deprivation, which traditionally has been used in experimental animal studies prior to metabolic challenge tests. Methods: We here performed a systems biology-based investigation of connections between gut bacterial composition and function, inflammatory and metabolic parameters in the intestine, liver, visceral adipose tissue, blood and urine in obese mice that were feed deprived for varying durations up to 12 hours. Results: Our analysis revealed that increased duration of feed deprivation linked to enhanced intestinal butyric acid production and expression of the gene encoding the pro-thermogenic uncoupling protein UCP1 in visceral adipose tissue of obese mice. Ucp1 expression was also positively associated with Il33 expression in ileum, colon and adipose tissue as well as with the abundance of colonic Porphyromonadaceae, the latter also correlating to cecal butyric acid levels. Conclusions: The data highlighted presence of a three-tiered system of inter-tissue communication involving intestinal, immune and metabolic functions which is affected by the duration of feed deprivation in obese mice.

scholarly journals Overproduction of endothelin-1 impairs glucose tolerance but does not promote visceral adipose tissue inflammation or limit metabolic adaptations to exercise

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (3) ◽  
pp. E548-E558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Jurrissen ◽  
Zachary I. Grunewald ◽  
Makenzie L. Woodford ◽  
Nathan C. Winn ◽  
James R. Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor and proinflammatory peptide that is upregulated in obesity. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that ET-1 signaling promotes visceral adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and disrupts glucose homeostasis. We also tested if reduced ET-1 is a required mechanism by which exercise ameliorates AT inflammation and improves glycemic control in obesity. We found that 1) diet-induced obesity, AT inflammation, and glycemic dysregulation were not accompanied by significantly increased levels of ET-1 in AT or circulation in wild-type mice and that endothelial overexpression of ET-1 and consequently increased ET-1 levels did not cause AT inflammation yet impaired glucose tolerance; 2) reduced AT inflammation and improved glucose tolerance with voluntary wheel running was not associated with decreased levels of ET-1 in AT or circulation in obese mice nor did endothelial overexpression of ET-1 impede such exercise-induced metabolic adaptations; 3) chronic pharmacological blockade of ET-1 receptors did not suppress AT inflammation in obese mice but improved glucose tolerance; and 4) in a cohort of human subjects with a wide range of body mass indexes, ET-1 levels in AT, or circulation were not correlated with markers of inflammation in AT. In aggregate, we conclude that ET-1 signaling is not implicated in the development of visceral AT inflammation but promotes glucose intolerance, thus representing an important therapeutic target for glycemic dysregulation in conditions characterized by hyperendothelinemia. Furthermore, we show that the salutary effects of exercise on AT and systemic metabolic function are not contingent on the suppression of ET-1 signaling.

scholarly journals CT-based determination of excessive visceral adipose tissue is associated with an impaired survival in critically ill patients

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250321
Author(s):  
Theresa H. Wirtz ◽  
Sven H. Loosen ◽  
Maximilian Schulze-Hagen ◽  
Ralf Weiskirchen ◽  
Lukas Buendgens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Adipose Tissue Distribution ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Objective Obesity is a negative prognostic factor for various clinical conditions. In this observational cohort study, we evaluated a CT-based assessment of the adipose tissue distribution as a potential non-invasive prognostic parameter in critical illness. Methods Routine CT-scans upon admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) were used to analyze the visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue areas at the 3rd lumbar vertebra in 155 patients. Results were correlated with various prognostic markers and both short-term- and overall survival. Multiple statistical tools were used for data analysis. Results We observed a significantly larger visceral adipose tissue area in septic patients compared to non-sepsis patients. Interestingly, patients requiring mechanical ventilation had a significantly higher amount of visceral adipose tissue correlating with the duration of mechanical ventilation. Moreover, both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue area significantly correlated with several laboratory markers. While neither the visceral nor the subcutaneous adipose tissue area was predictive for short-term ICU survival, patients with a visceral adipose tissue area above the optimal cut-off (241.4 cm2) had a significantly impaired overall survival compared to patients with a lower visceral adipose tissue area. Conclusions Our study supports a prognostic role of the individual adipose tissue distribution in critically ill patients. However, additional investigations need to confirm our suggestion that routine CT-based assessment of adipose tissue distribution can be used to yield further information on the patients’ clinical course. Moreover, future studies should address functional and metabolic analysis of different adipose tissue compartments in critical illness.

scholarly journals Effect of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Progressive Training with Capsaicin on Changes in PGC-1α and UPC-1 Expression in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Obese Rats With Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
Maryam Mostafavian ◽  
◽  
Ahmad Abdi ◽  
Javad Mehrabani ◽  
Alireza Barari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Objective: Decreased physical activity coupled with increased High‐Fat Diet (HFD) intake prompts obesity. Current research suggests that changing White Adipose Tissue (WAT) to brown promotes energy expenditure to counter obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic Progressive training and Capsaicin (Cap) on Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and Uncoupling protein-1 (UPC-1) gene expression in rat fed a high-fat diet. Methods: 40 male Wistar rats aged 8-12 weeks, were fed a Normal Diet (ND) (n=8) or HFD (n=32) for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, rats were divided into 5 groups: ND, HFD, High-Fat Diet-Training (HFDT), High-Fat Diet-Capsaicin (HFDCap), high-fat diet-training-capsaicin (HFDTCap). Training groups have performed a progressive aerobic running program on a motor-driven treadmill for eight weeks. Capsaicin (4 mg/kg/day) were administered orally, by gavage, once a day. PGC-1α and UCP-1 gene expression levels in the VAT were measured by Real-time PCR method. Results: The results of this study showed that PGC-1α and UCP-expression was decreased in HFD group compared to ND group. Also, the expression of PGC-1α and UPC-1 in HFDT, HFDCap and HFDTCap groups was significantly increased compared to HFD. The expression of PGC-1α and UPC-1 in HFDTCap was also significantly increased compared to HFDT and HFDCap groups. Conclusion: Possibly, eight weeks of progressive training combined with capsaicin administration has an effect on the browning of visceral adipose tissue in HFD rats by increasing expression of PGC-1α and UCP-1.

scholarly journals Adverse Effects of Methylglyoxal on Transcriptome and Metabolic Changes in Visceral Adipose Tissue in a Prediabetic Rat Model

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Martina Hüttl ◽  
Irena Markova ◽  
Denisa Miklankova ◽  
Pavol Makovicky ◽  
Terezie Pelikanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Lipogenic Genes ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Jnk Signaling Pathway ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Excessive methylglyoxal (MG) production contributes to metabolic and vascular changes by increasing inflammatory processes, disturbing regulatory mechanisms and exacerbating tissue dysfunction. MG accumulation in adipocytes leads to structural and functional changes. We used transcriptome analysis to investigate the effect of MG on metabolic changes in the visceral adipose tissue of hereditary hypetriglyceridaemic rats, a non-obese model of metabolic syndrome. Compared to controls, 4-week intragastric MG administration impaired glucose tolerance (p < 0.05) and increased glycaemia (p < 0.01) and serum levels of MCP-1 and TNFα (p < 0.05), but had no effect on serum adiponectin or leptin. Adipose tissue insulin sensitivity and lipolysis were impaired (p < 0.05) in MG-treated rats. In addition, MG reduced the expression of transcription factor Nrf2 (p < 0.01), which controls antioxidant and lipogenic genes. Increased expression of Mcp-1 and TNFα (p < 0.05) together with activation of the SAPK/JNK signaling pathway can promote chronic inflammation in adipose tissue. Transcriptome network analysis revealed the over-representation of genes involved in insulin signaling (Irs1, Igf2, Ide), lipid metabolism (Nr1d1, Lpin1, Lrpap1) and angiogenesis (Dusp10, Tp53inp1).

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