Ontogeny of Adenohypophyseal Cells, Pituitary Gland Development and Structure in Adults of Astyanax Lacustris (Teleostei, Characidae): an Emerging Neotropical Fish Species

Abstract Pituitary gland morphogenesis of the adenohypophyseal (AH) cells of Astyanax lacustris are presented herein. This Characiformes species show great ecological and commercial importance, and it has been increasingly used as a biological model. The first AH cells of A. lacustris were detected at 1 dah by the immunostaining of PRL producing cells. The morphology of the gland presented changes in shape throughout the development, starting elongated but more oval at the end. The neurohypophysis was differentiated at 3 dah, along with the identification of ACTH, MSH, TSH, and FSH producing cells. Identification of the immunoreactive cells to anti-LH, anti-SL, and anti-GH antibodies occurred at 5 dah. At 20 dah, an increase in pituitary size and the presence of the pituitary stalk were observed. At 60 dah, the pituitary already had the same shape seen in adults. The ontogeny of adenohypophyseal cells in A. lacustris corroborates the heterogeneity in the appearance of these cell types in teleosts and suggests that these hormones actively participate during the early development of this species. Our results collaborate with the understanding of the morphogenesis of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in South American teleosts, showing essential data for the development of future studies related to pituitary morphophysiology.

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Characterization of hypothalamic Nuclei in Indian Fresh Water Spiny Eel Mastacembelusarmatus (Lacepede)

Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia ◽

10.13005/bbra/2872 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 685-689

Author(s):

Supriya Ray

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Gland ◽

Fish Species ◽

Indian Subcontinent ◽

Third Ventricle ◽

Lateral Wall ◽

Cell Types ◽

Income Group ◽

Lower Income Group ◽

Artificial Breeding ◽

Moderate Cost

Introduction: Mastacembelusarmatus, an indigenous fish species of southern Asia, also resides in Indian subcontinent. This fish species is facing an alarming declining in their number in the last decade. Due to its moderate cost, it is mainly taken by the lower income group of people of the society. Reproductive care, by artificial breeding, has been taken for those fish species having a high cost in the market or becoming less in number in nature for business purposes or preserving the biodiversity, respectively. Aim of the study: The present study was undertaken to understand the structure of hypothalamic nulceiof M. armatus, because these are ultimately responsible for the maintenance of pituitary-gonadal endocrine cascade. Material and methods:This work had been done purely on histological techniques.Hypothalamic region with the brain was first dissected out then followed by fixation, embedding in paraffin wax, sectioning, staining and microphotography. Results: In the present investigation the nucleus preopticus (NPO) are paired, eachnuclear area being situated on either side of the third ventricle. The NPO iselongated in structure and the differentiated zones, the pars magnocellularis andpars parvocellularis. The neurosecretory nuclei ofnucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT) are very prominent and occupy a position nearer to the pituitary gland. The cells of the NLT aredivided into two subgroups. The comparatively larger α – cells are located anterior end of lateral wall of the hypothalamus and the β – cells are located above the pituitary gland. Conclusion: Understanding the hypothalamic architecture and cell types for this fish species is of immense importance to save this indigenous variety by artificial breeding.

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Hedgehog signaling is required for pituitary gland development

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.128.3.377 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 128 (3) ◽

pp. 377-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. Treier ◽

S. O'Connell ◽

A. Gleiberman ◽

J. Price ◽

D.P. Szeto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Gland ◽

Hedgehog Signaling ◽

Homeobox Gene ◽

Cell Types ◽

Oral Epithelium ◽

Regulatory Sequences ◽

Rathke’S Pouch ◽

Rathke's Pouch ◽

Oral Ectoderm ◽

Gland Development

Pituitary gland development serves as an excellent model system in which to study the emergence of distinct cell types from a common primordium in mammalian organogenesis. We have investigated the role of the morphogen Sonic hedgehog (SHH) in outgrowth and differentiation of the pituitary gland using loss- and gain-of-function studies in transgenic mice. Shh is expressed throughout the ventral diencephalon and the oral ectoderm, but its expression is subsequently absent from the nascent Rathke's pouch as soon as it becomes morphologically visible, creating a Shh boundary within the oral epithelium. We used oral ectoderm/Rathke's pouch-specific 5′ regulatory sequences (Pitx1(HS)) from the bicoid related pituitary homeobox gene (Pitx1) to target overexpression of the Hedgehog inhibitor Hip (Huntingtin interacting protein) to block Hedgehog signaling, finding that SHH is required for proliferation of the pituitary gland. In addition, we provide evidence that Hedgehog signaling, acting at the Shh boundary within the oral ectoderm, may exert a role in differentiation of ventral cell types (gonadotropes and thyrotropes) by inducing Bmp2 expression in Rathke's pouch, which subsequently regulates expression of ventral transcription factors, particularly Gata2. Furthermore, our data suggest that Hedgehog signaling, together with FGF8/10 signaling, synergizes to regulate expression of the LIM homeobox gene Lhx3, which has been proved to be essential for initial pituitary gland formation. Thus, SHH appears to exert effects on both proliferation and cell-type determination in pituitary gland development.

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Biology, ecology and biogeography of the South American silver croaker, an important Neotropical fish species in South America

Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries ◽

10.1007/s11160-018-9526-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 693-714 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jamile Queiroz-Sousa ◽

Eduardo Meneguzzi Brambilla ◽

James Raul Garcia-Ayala ◽

Fabio Alexandre Travassos ◽

Vanessa Salete Daga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Fish Species ◽

South American ◽

The South ◽

Neotropical Fish

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Heat-induced triploids in Brycon amazonicus: a strategic fish species for aquaculture and conservation

Zygote ◽

10.1017/s0967199421000125 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Nivaldo Ferreira do Nascimento ◽

Rafaela Manchin Bertolini ◽

Lucia Soares Lopez ◽

Laura Satiko Okada Nakaghi ◽

Paulo Sérgio Monzani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Early Development ◽

Fish Species ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Shock Treatment ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Heat Shock Treatment ◽

Control Survival ◽

Ploidy Status

Summary Triploidization plays an important role in aquaculture and surrogate technologies. In this study, we induced triploidy in the matrinxã fish (Brycon amazonicus) using a heat-shock technique. Embryos at 2 min post fertilization (mpf) were heat shocked at 38°C, 40°C, or 42°C for 2 min. Untreated, intact embryos were used as a control. Survival rates during early development were monitored and ploidy status was confirmed using flow cytometry and nuclear diameter analysis of erythrocytes. The hatching rate reduced with heat-shock treatment, and heat-shock treatments at 42°C resulted in no hatching events. Optimal results were obtained at 40°C with 95% of larvae exhibiting triploidy. Therefore, we report that heat-shock treatments of embryos (2 mpf) at 40°C for 2 min is an effective way to induce triploid individuals in B. amazonicus.

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Digestible energy of crude glycerol for pacu and silver catfish

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20131426 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (8) ◽

pp. 1448-1451 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rafael Ernesto Balen ◽

Patrick Nereu Tetu ◽

Robie Allan Bombardelli ◽

Paulo Cesar Pozza ◽

Fábio Meurer

Keyword(s):

Fish Species ◽

Crude Glycerol ◽

Energy Content ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Native Fish ◽

Neotropical Fish ◽

Digestible Energy ◽

Silver Catfish ◽

Glycerol Utilization ◽

Good Potential

The increase in global biodiesel production is originating a glycerol surplus, which has no defined destination. An alternative to overcome this problem is its use as energy source in animal feeding. In Brazil, Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is one of the most farmed native fish species, whereas Silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) is suitable for production in subtropical region. Considering little knowledge about crude glycerol utilization in feeds for Neotropical fish species, it was evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for energy of crude glycerol for P. mesopotamicus and R. quelen. The digestibility and digestible energy content of crude glycerol can be considered excellent even when compared to energy of common ingredients such as maize and wheat, presenting 0.97 and 0.89 of energy ADCs, and 15.2 and 13.95MJ kg-1 of digestible energy for Pacu and Silver catfish, respectively. In conclusion, crude glycerol is an energetic ingredient with good potential in Brazilian native fish diets.

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Expression of SOX2 and OCT4 in odontogenic cysts and tumors

Head & Face Medicine ◽

10.1186/s13005-021-00283-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ekarat Phattarataratip ◽

Tarit Panitkul ◽

Watunyoo Khodkaew ◽

Pattarapong Anupuntanun ◽

Jirapat Jaroonvechatam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Types ◽

Odontogenic Cysts ◽

Positive Staining ◽

Stem Cell Markers ◽

Aberrant Expression ◽

Future Studies ◽

Sox2 Expression ◽

Cells Of Origin ◽

Dentigerous Cysts ◽

Patient Prognosis

Abstract Background Aberrant expression of stem cell markers has been observed in several types of neoplasms. This trait attributes to the acquired stem-like property of tumor cells and can impact patient prognosis. The objective of this study was to comparatively analyze the expression and significance of SOX2 and OCT4 in various types of odontogenic cysts and tumors. Methods Fifty-five cases of odontogenic cysts and tumors, including 15 ameloblastomas (AM), 5 adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOT), 5 ameloblastic fibromas (AF), 5 calcifying odontogenic cysts (COC), 10 dentigerous cysts (DC) and 15 odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) were investigated for the expression of SOX2 and OCT4 immunohistochemically. Results Most OKCs (86.7 %) and all AFs expressed SOX2 in more than 50 % of epithelial cells. Its immunoreactivity was moderate-to-strong in all epithelial cell types in both lesions. In contrast, SOX2 expression was undetectable in AOTs and limited to the ameloblast-like cells in a minority of AM and COC cases. Most DCs showed positive staining in less than 25 % of cystic epithelium. Significantly greater SOX2 expression was noted in OKC compared with DC or AM, and in AF compared with COC or AOT. OCT4 rarely expressed in odontogenic lesions with the immunoreactivity being mild and present exclusively in OKCs. Conclusions SOX2 is differentially expressed in odontogenic cysts and tumors. This could be related to their diverse cells of origin or stages of histogenesis. The overexpression of SOX2 and OCT4 in OKC indicates the acquired stem-like property. Future studies should investigate whether the overexpression of OCT4 and SOX2 contributes to the aggressive behaviors of the tumors.

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Plasma IL-6 levels following corticosteroid therapy as an indicator of ICU length of stay in critically ill COVID-19 patients

Cell Death Discovery ◽

10.1038/s41420-021-00429-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Samir Awasthi ◽

Tyler Wagner ◽

A. J. Venkatakrishnan ◽

Arjun Puranik ◽

Matthew Hurchik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Distress Syndrome ◽

Cell Types ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Cytokine Release ◽

Cytokine Release Syndrome ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Future Studies ◽

Icu Length Of Stay ◽

Potential Association ◽

Clinical Trial Results

AbstractIntensive care unit (ICU) admissions and mortality in severe COVID-19 patients are driven by “cytokine storms” and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Interim clinical trial results suggest that the corticosteroid dexamethasone displays better 28-day survival in severe COVID-19 patients requiring ventilation or oxygen. In this study, 10 out of 16 patients (62.5%) that had an average plasma IL-6 value over 10 pg/mL post administration of corticosteroids also had worse outcomes (i.e., ICU stay >15 days or death), compared to 8 out of 41 patients (19.5%) who did not receive corticosteroids (p-value = 0.0024). Given this potential association between post-corticosteroid IL-6 levels and COVID-19 severity, we hypothesized that the glucocorticoid receptor (GR or NR3C1) may be coupled to IL-6 expression in specific cell types that govern cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Examining single-cell RNA-seq data from BALF of severe COVID-19 patients and nearly 2 million cells from a pan-tissue scan shows that alveolar macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells co-express NR3C1 and IL-6, motivating future studies on the links between the regulation of NR3C1 function and IL-6 levels.

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STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF CATCHES OF THE SHURYSHKARSKY DISTRICT OF THE YAMALO-NENETS AUTONOMOUS OKRUG

Сборник избранных статей по материалам научных конференций ГНИИ «Нацразвитие» (Санкт-Петербург, Июль 2021) ◽

10.37539/july318.2021.74.17.014 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Наталья Васильевна Смолина ◽

Ольга Андреевна Гарбузова

Keyword(s):

Fish Species ◽

Biological Resources ◽

Autonomous District ◽

Commercial Importance ◽

Structure And Dynamics ◽

Dynamics Of Catches ◽

Catch Statistics ◽

Nenets Autonomous

Анализ статистики уловов Шурышкарского района показал, что в 2015-2020 гг. промысловое значение имели 12 видов рыб, обеспечивая уловы от 8,6 до 10,1 тыс. тонн. Наибольший вклад в уловы по району вносили щука (47 %) и язь (27 %), доля сиговых в этот период снизилась с 22 до 11 %. Доля района в освоении биоресурсов ЯНАО возросла с 13 до 23 %, вклад в общие уловы щуки, леща, язя, окуня и карася в отдельные годы превышал 30 %. The analysis of catch statistics of the Shuryshkarsky district showed that in 2015-2020, 12 fish species were of commercial importance, providing catches from 8.6 to 10.1 thousand tons. The largest contribution to catches in the region was made by pike (47 %) and ide (27 %), the share of whitefish in this period decreased from 22 to 11 %. The share of the district in the development of biological resources of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District increased from 13 to 23 %, the contribution to the total catches of pike, bream, ide, perch and crucian in some years exceeded 30 %.

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