scholarly journals Neutralising reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant by vaccination status and pre-exposure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Lavezzo ◽  
Monia Pacenti ◽  
Laura Manuto ◽  
Caterina Boldrin ◽  
Margherita Cattai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
The Third ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract In February and March 2020, one of the first Italian clusters of SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected in the municipality of Vo’. Positive subjects were followed up at 2 and 9 months post-infection with different immuno-assays and a micro-neutralisation test. Here we report on the results of the third serosurvey conducted in the same population in June 2021, 15 months post-infection, when we tested 61% of the infected individuals (n=76). Antibodies against the spike (S) antigen significantly decreased (P<0.006, Kruskal-Wallis test) among unvaccinated subjects (n=35) and increased (P<0.0001) in vaccinated individuals (n=41), whereas those against the nucleocapsid (N) decreased in the whole cohort. From the comparison with two control groups (naïve Vo’ inhabitants (n=20) and healthcare workers (HCW, n=61)), subjects vaccinated post exposure (hybrid immunity) had higher antibody levels (P<0.0001) than subjects vaccinated when naïve. Two doses of vaccine elicited stronger anti-S antibody response than natural infection (P<0.0001). Finally, the neutralising reactivity of sera against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) was lower than compared to the B.1 strain (median 1:320 versus 1:1280 1/dil, P<0.0001, and 1:640 versus 1:2560 1/dil, P=0.0014, after one or two vaccine doses, respectively), although subjects with hybrid immunity maintained neutralising titres above 1:40 1/dil.

scholarly journals COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors: impact of vaccination on antibody levels, breakthrough infections and reinfection rate.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo La Raja ◽  
Monia Pacenti ◽  
Ileana Grimaldi ◽  
Caterina Boldrin ◽  
Margherita Cattai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Reinfection Rate ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
The One ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
The Impact

From April 2020 through May 2021 in Padova Province 3395 COVID-19 recovered patients were recruited as potential convalescent plasma donors and tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Since January 2021 COVID-19 vaccination campaign began in Italy, the impact of vaccination on antibody levels and suspect vaccine breakthrough infections in these subjects were investigated. Post-vaccination anti-Sars-Cov-2 antibody level in 54 previously infected subjects had an exponential increase compared to pre-vaccination level regardless of the number of vaccine doses. However after 100 days from vaccination SARS-CoV-2 antibody level tends to decline. Post-vaccination primary infections were detected in 15 cases, with 3 possible breakthrough infections after a full vaccination course. In these cases, antibody response after infection was present but weaker than the one of subjects vaccinated after natural infection. A trend toward stronger antibody response was observed with increasing distance between natural infection and vaccination. Additionally, 2 cases of asymptomatic reinfections are also discussed.

scholarly journals Effect Monitoring and Insights from Vaccination program of Healthcare Workforce from a tertiary level hospital in India against SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Ujjainia ◽  
Akansha Tyagi ◽  
Viren Sardana ◽  
Salwa Naushin ◽  
Nitin Bhatheja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
Effect Monitoring ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Level Hospital

AbstractThe Oxford-Astra Zeneca COVID 19 vaccine (AZD1222 or ChAdOx1) is locally manufactured as Covishield by Serum Institute, Pune, India. In a group of 307 healthcare workers administered Covishield, we report measured antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 directed against the spike protein (S-antigen) at days 0, 7, 14, 28 and 45, with second dose on day 28 for all except 20 subjects who did not receive a second dose. In 129 subjects (42%) who had already developed antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 at day 0 (before immunization), it was observed that antibody response was significantly higher at each time point, with the maximum increase seen between days 0 and 7. The antibody levels and neutralizing activity in these subjects had peaked by day 28 and the second dose did not lead to further increase. Data from 9 subjects who were seropositive at baseline and received only one dose was similar to those who received both doses. In contrast the baseline sero-negative group (n=178) started developing antibody response only after 14 days or later. Administration of the second dose was associated with further increase in antibody levels at day 45 compared to day 28, with marked increase in neutralizing activity. In baseline seronegative subjects, who did not take the vaccine at day 28 (n=11), the antibody levels increased by about 2.5 folds between days 28 and 45, with minimal change in the neutralizing antibodies. In general, vaccination was well tolerated, and there were no group specific differences in post-vaccination symptomatology. Our data suggests that ChAdOx1 is highly immunogenic, particularly so where previous SARS CoV2 antibody-response is established. In such subjects, a single dose may be sufficient but in absence of such determination, both doses are required.

scholarly journals Antibody Response after BNT162b2 Vaccination in Healthcare Workers Previously Exposed and Not Exposed to SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 4204
Author(s):  
Marcello Salvaggio ◽  
Federica Fusina ◽  
Filippo Albani ◽  
Maurizio Salvaggio ◽  
Rasula Beschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Clinical Documentation ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Antibody Levels

The Pfizer/BioNtech Comirnaty vaccine (BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19) against SARS-CoV-2 is currently in use in Italy. Antibodies to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to administration are not routinely tested; therefore, two doses may be administered to asymptomatic previously exposed subjects. The aim of this study is to assess if any difference in antibody concentration between subjects exposed and not exposed to SARS-CoV-2 prior to BNT162b2 was present after the first dose and after the second dose of vaccine. Data were retrospectively collected from the clinical documentation of 337 healthcare workers who underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing before and after BNT162b2. Total anti RBD (receptor-binding domain) antibodies against SARS-CoV-2′s spike protein were measured before and 21 days after the first dose, and 12 days after the second dose of BNT162b2. Twenty-one days after the first dose, there was a statistically significant difference in antibody concentration between the two groups, which was also maintained twelve days after the second dose. In conclusion, antibody response after receiving BNT162b2 is greater in subjects who have been previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 than in subjects who have not been previously exposed to the virus, both after 21 days after the first dose and after 12 days from the second dose. Antibody levels, 21 days after the first dose, reached a titer considered positive by the test manufacturer in the majority of subjects who have been previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Evaluating previous infection prior to vaccination in order to give the least effective number of doses should be considered.

Immunologic Response to Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine in Infants

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Sloyer ◽  
Laurel J. Karr ◽  
John H. Ploussard ◽  
Gerald D. Schiffman
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Young Infant ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Colonization ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Group 1

The serum antibody response to purified pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (PCP) was determined in four groups of infants ranging in age from 3 to 24 months. Group 1 consisted of eight infants immunized with an octavalent vaccine containing serotypes 1, 3, 6, 7, 14, 18, 19 and 23 (PCP-8). Group 1 received 25 μg of each serotype at 3–6 months of age and again at 18–24 months. The antibody response after the second immunization was compared to a group of nine patients receiving a primary immunization at 18–24 months and to a group of ten age-matched controls receiving saline placebo. There were no significant differences in mean serum antibody levels between the two groups receiving the PCP-8. A fourth group of 44 infants between 6 and 21 months of age received either PCP-7 or PCP-8 and were followed for two years, at which time simultaneous injections of both vaccines were administered. Types 2, 3, 7, and 8 were most immunogenic but levels six months after immunization were approximately the same as for unimmunized controls with the exception of serotypes 3 and 7 which persisted for about two years. The class of antibody induced either by natural infection or by immunization was preferentially IgG and it was more often induced by the former. There were no significant differences between the serotypes of pneumococci isolated from nasopharyngeal cultures regardless of which vaccine was administered. Finally, the least immunogenic serotypes include 4, 6, 14, 19, and 23 and these are the only serotypes thus far associated with otitis media after immunization. The results suggest that PCP do not induce a lasting immune tolerance at the dose administered in this study; PCP are not very immunogenic in the young infant; PCP antibody tends to rise naturally; IgG antibody is preferentially induced; nasopharyngeal colonization is not altered by PCP immunization; and an association may exist between PCP immunogenicity and subsequent onset of otitis media.

scholarly journals Interpreting serological surveys using mixture models: the seroepidemiology of measles, mumps and rubella in England and Wales at the beginning of the 21st century

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 1303-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. VYSE ◽  
N. J. GAY ◽  
L. M. HESKETH ◽  
R. PEBODY ◽  
P. MORGAN-CAPNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Specific Frequency ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Age Range

A mixture modelling technique is applied to age-specific frequency distributions of quantitative results from serological surveys for measles, mumps and rubella using samples collected across the age range in England and Wales in 2000. In accordance with previous studies the analysis suggests that the antibody response to natural infection is stronger than that produced by vaccination, that vaccine-induced antibody levels wane with time and that levels of vaccine-induced antibody response vary for each virus infection being strongest for rubella and weakest for mumps. The current mumps epidemic in the United Kingdom is focused in cohorts born during 1982–1987 who were too old to have received routine MMR vaccination. In the cohort born in 1981–1985 the model estimates that 7·5% have no evidence of mumps specific IgG and 24·9% have the lowest level of detectable antibody. The similar proportions of mumps antibody in these categories among cohorts with opportunity for 1 or 2 doses of vaccine is a concern, as the degree to which these individuals are protected is unclear. Investigations into the efficacy of two doses of a mumps containing vaccine should be a priority during the current epidemic.

scholarly journals Serum Antibody Response Comparison and Adverse Reaction Analysis in Healthcare Workers Vaccinated with the BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 COVID-19 Vaccine

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1379
Author(s):  
Sung-Hee Lim ◽  
Seong-Hyeok Choi ◽  
Bora Kim ◽  
Ji-Youn Kim ◽  
Young-Sok Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Categories ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Very High

The COVID-19 pandemic is changing rapidly and requires different strategies to maintain immunization. In Korea, different COVID-19 vaccines are recommended and available for various populations, including healthcare workers (HCWs) at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We plan to evaluate the adverse events (AEs) and immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines in HCWs at a single center. This cohort study included HCWs fully vaccinated with either BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1. Blood samples were taken eight weeks after the second vaccination with both COVID-19 vaccines and six months after the second vaccination from participants with the BNT162b2 vaccine. The primary endpoint for immunogenicity was the serum neutralizing antibody responses eight weeks after vaccination. The secondary endpoint was the incidence of various AEs within 28 days of each vaccination. Between 16 March and 23 June 2021, 115 participants were enrolled (65 in the ChAdOx1 group and 50 in the BNT162b2 group). Significantly higher surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) inhibition was observed in participants vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 (mean (SD) 91.4 (9.68)%) than in those vaccinated with ChAdOx1 (mean (SD) 73.3 (22.57)%). The effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine was maintained across all age and gender categories. At six months after the second dose, serum antibody levels declined significantly in the BNT162b2 group. The main adverse events, including fever, myalgia, fatigue, and headache, were significantly higher in the ChAdOx1 group after the first dose, whereas, after the second dose, those AEs were significantly higher in the BNT162b2 group (p < 0.05). Two doses of either the ChAdOx1 or the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine resulted in very high seropositivity among the HCWs at our center. The quality of the antibody response, measured by sVNT inhibition, was significantly better with the BNT162b2 vaccine than with the ChAdOx1 vaccine. There was no significant association between neutralizing antibody response and AE after each vaccination in our cohort.

scholarly journals Impact of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibodies in a longitudinal cohort of healthcare workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Zhong ◽  
Shaoming Xiao ◽  
Amanda K Debes ◽  
Emily R Egbert ◽  
Patrizio Caturegli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sample ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Antibody Levels

Waning serum antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 have sparked discussions about long-term immunity and need for vaccine boosters. We examined SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibodies in a longitudinal cohort, comparing antibody decay in individuals who received an mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. We completed a longitudinal cohort of healthcare workers (HWs) between June 2020 and September 2021. HWs were included if they had a serum sample collected after SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or a serum sample collected ≥ 14 days after second dose of an mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Linear regression models adjusting for vaccine type, age, and sex were used to compare post-vaccination antibody levels between 1) HWs with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and 2) HWs with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection ≤ 90 days and > 90 days prior to first vaccine. Serum was collected from 98 HWs after SARS-CoV-2 infection and before vaccine, and 1960 HWs ≥ 14 days following second vaccine dose. Serum spike antibody levels were higher after vaccination than after natural infection. Compared to SARS-CoV-2 naïve individuals, those with prior infection maintained higher post-vaccination mean spike IgG values at 1, 3, and 6 months, after adjusting for age, sex, and vaccine type. Individuals with PCR-confirmed infection > 90 days before vaccination had higher post-vaccination antibody levels than individuals infected ≤ 90 days before vaccination. Individuals with three exposures to spike protein maintain the highest antibody levels particularly when first and second exposures were greater than 90 days apart. A booster dose provides a third exposure and may similarly induce a more durable antibody response.

scholarly journals Detailed Multiplex Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Specific Antibodies in COVID-19 Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siggeir F. Brynjolfsson ◽  
Hildur Sigurgrimsdottir ◽  
Elin D. Einarsdottir ◽  
Gudrun A. Bjornsdottir ◽  
Brynja Armannsdottir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Nucleocapsid Proteins ◽  
The Third ◽  
Antibody Isotypes ◽  
Iga Antibodies ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Antibody Levels

A detailed understanding of the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 is of high importance, especially with the emergence of novel vaccines. A multiplex-based assay, analyzing IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies against the receptor binding domain (RBD), spike 1 (S1), and nucleocapsid proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was set up. The multiplex-based analysis was calibrated against the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay on a Roche Cobas® instrument, using positive and negative samples. The calibration of the multiplex based assay yielded a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97.7%. SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody levels were analyzed by multiplex in 251 samples from 221 patients. A significant increase in all antibody types (IgM, IgG, and IgA) against RBD was observed between the first and the third weeks of disease. Additionally, the S1 IgG antibody response increased significantly between weeks 1, 2, and 3 of disease. Class switching appeared to occur earlier for IgA than for IgG. Patients requiring hospital admission and intensive care had higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA levels than outpatients. These findings describe the initial antibody response during the first weeks of disease and demonstrate the importance of analyzing different antibody isotypes against multiple antigens and include IgA when examining the immunological response to COVID-19.

THE PERSISTENCE OF POLIOMYELITIS ANTIBODIES AFTER PRIMARY IMMUNIZATION OF YOUNG INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-552
Author(s):  
Randolph Batson ◽  
Amos Christie ◽  
Dorothy Turner ◽  
Mary Michal ◽  
Jewell H. Barrick
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
The State ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Protective Response ◽  
The Third ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Poliomyelitis Vaccine ◽  
Routine Administration ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels

Data has been presented showing that, although 4 months after the third injection of poliomyelitis vaccine, antibody levels were quite high, at 12 months there was a definite and striking decrease in antibody titers. It is suggested that serious consideration be given to the routine administration of a fourth, 1-ml, injection of poliomyelitis vaccine 12 months after the third injection. It would seem advisable to follow this practice unless it can be demonstrated that the state and degree of hypersensitivity, without detectable antibodies, is sufficiently great to result in a protective response when natural infection occurs.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 induces a durable and antigen specific humoral immunity after asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Havervall ◽  
August Jernbom Falk ◽  
Jonas Klingström ◽  
Henry Ng ◽  
Nina Greilert-Norin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Infection ◽  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Target Antigen ◽  
Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Antibody Kinetics

AbstractCurrent SARS-CoV-2 serological assays generate discrepant results, and the longitudinal characteristics of antibodies targeting various antigens after asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 are yet to be established. This longitudinal cohort study including 1972 healthcare workers, of which 386 participants exhibited antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen at study inclusion, reveal that these antibodies remain detectable in the vast majority of participants, 98%, at least four months post infection, despite having had no or mild symptoms. These antibody levels did not differ from those found in 59 convalescent COVID-19 patients (p=0.7). Virus neutralization capacity was confirmed by microneutralization assay in 93% of study participants at least four months post infection. Contrary to antibodies targeting the spike protein, antibodies against the nucleocapsid protein were only detected in 68% of previously anti-nucleocapsid IgG positive healthcare workers, and these four-month follow-up levels were substantially lower in healthcare workers than in convalescent COVID-19 patients (p=2*10-5). Our findings support a durable and functional humoral response after SARS-CoV-2 infection, even after no or mild symptoms. We further demonstrate differences in antibody kinetics depending on the antigen, arguing against the use of the nucleocapsid protein as target antigen in population-based SARS-CoV-2 serological surveys.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document