scholarly journals Surveillance of The Major Pathogenic Arboviruses of Public Health Concern in Gabon, Central Africa: Increased Risk of West Nile Virus and Dengue Virus Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Ushijima ◽  
Haruka Abe ◽  
Georgelin Ondo ◽  
Rodrigue Bikangui ◽  
Marguerite Loembe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Increasing arbovirus infections have been a global burden in recent decades. Many countries have experienced the periodic emergence of arbovirus diseases. However, information on the prevalence of arboviruses is largely unknown or infrequently updated because of the lack of surveillance studies, especially in Africa. Methods: A surveillance study was conducted in Gabon, Central Africa, on arboviruses, which are a major public health concern in Africa, including: West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), yellow fever virus (YFV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). Serological and molecular assays were performed to investigate past infection history and the current status of infection, using serum samples collected from healthy individuals and febrile patients, respectively. Results: The overall seroprevalence during 2014˗2017 was estimated to be 25.3% for WNV, 20.4% for DENV, 40.3% for ZIKV, 60.7% for YFV, 61.2% for CHIKV, and 14.3% for RVFV. No significant differences were found in the seroprevalence of any of the viruses between the male and female populations. However, a focus on the mean age in each arbovirus-seropositive individual showed a significantly younger age in WNV- and DENV-seropositive individuals than in CHIKV-seropositive individuals, indicating that WNV and DENV caused a relatively recent epidemic in the region, whereas CHIKV had actively circulated before. Of note, this indication was supported by the detection of both WNV and DENV genomes in serum samples collected from febrile patients after 2016. Conclusions: This study revealed the recent re-emergence of WNV and DENV in Gabon as well as the latest seroprevalence state of the major arboviruses, which indicated the different potential risks of virus infections and virus-specific circulation patterns. This information will be helpful for public health organizations and will enable a rapid response towards these arbovirus infections, thereby preventing future spread in the country.

scholarly journals Surveillance of the major pathogenic arboviruses of public health concern in Gabon, Central Africa: increased risk of West Nile virus and dengue virus infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Ushijima ◽  
Haruka Abe ◽  
Georgelin Nguema Ondo ◽  
Rodrigue Bikangui ◽  
Marguerite Massinga Loembé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile

Abstract Background Increasing arbovirus infections have been a global burden in recent decades. Many countries have experienced the periodic emergence of arbovirus diseases. However, information on the prevalence of arboviruses is largely unknown or infrequently updated because of the lack of surveillance studies, especially in Africa. Methods A surveillance study was conducted in Gabon, Central Africa, on arboviruses, which are a major public health concern in Africa, including: West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), yellow fever virus (YFV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). Serological and molecular assays were performed to investigate past infection history and the current status of infection, using serum samples collected from healthy individuals and febrile patients, respectively. Results The overall seroprevalence during 2014˗2017 was estimated to be 25.3% for WNV, 20.4% for DENV, 40.3% for ZIKV, 60.7% for YFV, 61.2% for CHIKV, and 14.3% for RVFV. No significant differences were found in the seroprevalence of any of the viruses between the male and female populations. However, a focus on the mean age in each arbovirus-seropositive individual showed a significantly younger age in WNV- and DENV-seropositive individuals than in CHIKV-seropositive individuals, indicating that WNV and DENV caused a relatively recent epidemic in the region, whereas CHIKV had actively circulated before. Of note, this indication was supported by the detection of both WNV and DENV genomes in serum samples collected from febrile patients after 2016. Conclusions This study revealed the recent re-emergence of WNV and DENV in Gabon as well as the latest seroprevalence state of the major arboviruses, which indicated the different potential risks of virus infections and virus-specific circulation patterns. This information will be helpful for public health organizations and will enable a rapid response towards these arbovirus infections, thereby preventing future spread in the country.

Simultaneous detection of Dengue virus, Chikungunya virus, Zika virus, Yellow fever virus and West Nile virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 53-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Boga ◽  
Marta E. Alvarez-Arguelles ◽  
Susana Rojo-Alba ◽  
Mercedes Rodríguez ◽  
María de Oña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Virus Zika

scholarly journals Brucellosis in dairy herds: A public health concern in the milk supply chains of West and Central Africa

Acta Tropica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 105042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imadidden Musallam ◽  
Andrée Prisca Ndour ◽  
Damitoti Yempabou ◽  
Cha-Ah Crystella Ngong ◽  
Müller Fotsac Dzousse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
West And Central Africa

scholarly journals Natural Compounds against Flaviviral Infections

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Abubakr ◽  
Subhash C Mandal ◽  
Sugato Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Large Sections

Arthropod borne flaviviral diseases are a major public health concern in the tropics. However, the majority of cases are associated with Dengue virus (DENV), Yellow Fever virus (YFV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections. Despite their profound clinical and economic impact among large sections of the population there is a lack of effective treatment against these diseases. A large number of plants are available in nature, which may act as a source for lead molecules against various diseases including arthropod borne flaviviral infections. In this review we discuss various crude extracts as well as purified compounds from natural sources with promising anti-DENV, YFV, WNV and CHIKV activity.

scholarly journals Dengue virus: A review

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-247
Author(s):  
Narinder Singh ◽  
Ajeet Pal Singh ◽  
Amar Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Viral Illness ◽  
Life Threatening

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral illness that is quickly spreading over the globe, with significant death and morbidity rates. Dengue fever is an acute viral infection transmitted by Aedes mosquitos and caused by an RNA virus from the Flaviviridae family. The symptoms might vary from asymptomatic fever to life-threatening complications including hemorrhagic fever and shock. Although dengue virus infections are normally self-limiting, the disease has become a public health concern in tropical and subtropical countries. Dengue fever is a major public health concern owing to its rapid worldwide spread, and its burdens are now unmet due to a lack of accurate therapy and a simple diagnostic approach for the early stages of illness.

scholarly journals SEROLOGICAL RESULTS OF MVV AND CAEV ANTIBODIES IN SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM SHEEP AND GOAT FLOCKS OF ROMANIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Alexandru Enache ◽  
Stelian Baraitareanu ◽  
Marius Dan ◽  
Maria Rodica Gurau ◽  
Camelia Nuţiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
National Program ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Bucharest City

INTRODUCTION: Maedi-Visna (MV) and Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE) are specific diseases of small ruminants caused by lentiretroviruses. These diseases are not a public health concern but they are important due to their economic impact. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to analyse the results of the serological screening for MVV and CAEV antibodies in samples collected from small ruminants farms located in 14 Romanian counties and the proximity of Bucharest city. METHODS: The samples were analysed by indirect ELISA, using a commercial diagnosis kit. We investigated 702 serum samples in 160 iELISA tests: 148 pools (2-5 samples/pool) and 12 individual animals. RESULTS: We noticed 27.50% positive samples that confirm the exposure to MVV and CAEV viruses of small ruminants, but the confirmation is requesting investigation using molecular biology tools or other serological techniques. CONCLUSION: A reliable picture over the SRLV infections could underlie a national program for monitoring.

Serological investigations on West Nile virus in birds and horses in Shanghai, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. LAN ◽  
C. S. WANG ◽  
B. DENG ◽  
J. P. ZHOU ◽  
L. CUI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Competitive Elisa ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile

SUMMARYWest Nile virus (WNV) infection is an emerging zoonosis that threatens global public health. In this study, a total of 95 bird serum samples from 14 species and 341 horse serum samples were collected from 2008 to 2010 in Shanghai, China. All serum samples were screened initially for WNV-reactive antibodies using a competitive ELISA. The positive samples detected by ELISA were further confirmed using a plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for WNV and its most closely related flaviviruses in the area to avoid false positives due to cross-reactivity. Five (5·3%) of the bird serum samples and none (0·0%) of the horse serum samples tested positive for WNV antibodies. The findings strongly suggest that some of the birds, specifically the resident birds in China, had been exposed to WNV.

scholarly journals Chikungunya-Dengue Co-Infection: Reports of Two Cases from Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-88
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdur Rahim ◽  
Shahana Zaman ◽  
Khwaja Nazim Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Concern

Chikungunya and dengue are the two most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral infections of global public health concern. Dengue is endemic in Bangladesh and here chikungunya is anemerging infection. Because of the spacio-temporal relationship between chikungunya virus and dengue virus, their co-existence and concurrent outbreaks are not unlikely. Here, we report two cases of chikungunya-dengue co-infections occurring among young Bangladeshi patients. Such co-infectionsneed special attention because pain management of chikungunyamay have adverse implications on patients with concurrent dengue infection. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2019; 37(2): 86-88

Child abuse

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrick Babakhanlou ◽  
Tom Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Current Advice

Child abuse is a global public health concern. Not only is it appalling that children should suffer unnecessarily, but also children who have been abused are at increased risk of recurrent abuse and may proceed to be abusers in later life. Early and prompt recognition of signs and features of abuse is crucial to alleviate the presenting condition and to prevent future harms. The aim of this article is to present the current advice and recommendations for the recognition and management of child abuse from a primary care perspective.

scholarly journals A proposed framework for the development and qualitative evaluation of West Nile virus models and their application to local public health decision-making

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0009653
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Keyel ◽  
Morgan E. Gorris ◽  
Ilia Rochlin ◽  
Johnny A. Uelmen ◽  
Luis F. Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
West Nile

West Nile virus (WNV) is a globally distributed mosquito-borne virus of great public health concern. The number of WNV human cases and mosquito infection patterns vary in space and time. Many statistical models have been developed to understand and predict WNV geographic and temporal dynamics. However, these modeling efforts have been disjointed with little model comparison and inconsistent validation. In this paper, we describe a framework to unify and standardize WNV modeling efforts nationwide. WNV risk, detection, or warning models for this review were solicited from active research groups working in different regions of the United States. A total of 13 models were selected and described. The spatial and temporal scales of each model were compared to guide the timing and the locations for mosquito and virus surveillance, to support mosquito vector control decisions, and to assist in conducting public health outreach campaigns at multiple scales of decision-making. Our overarching goal is to bridge the existing gap between model development, which is usually conducted as an academic exercise, and practical model applications, which occur at state, tribal, local, or territorial public health and mosquito control agency levels. The proposed model assessment and comparison framework helps clarify the value of individual models for decision-making and identifies the appropriate temporal and spatial scope of each model. This qualitative evaluation clearly identifies gaps in linking models to applied decisions and sets the stage for a quantitative comparison of models. Specifically, whereas many coarse-grained models (county resolution or greater) have been developed, the greatest need is for fine-grained, short-term planning models (m–km, days–weeks) that remain scarce. We further recommend quantifying the value of information for each decision to identify decisions that would benefit most from model input.

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