scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Key Role of Histone Deacetylation-mediated Phytohormones Interaction in Fiber Initiation of Cotton

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Wei ◽  
Yonghui Li ◽  
Faiza Ali ◽  
Ye Wang ◽  
Jisheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Histone Deacetylation ◽  
Fiber Cell ◽  
Fiber Initiation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Sa Signaling

Abstract Background: Histone deacetylation is one of the most important epigenetic modifications and plays diverse roles in plant development. However, the detailed functions and mechanisms of histone deacetylation in fiber development of cotton are still unclear. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have been used commonly to study the molecular mechanism underlying histone deacetylation or to facilitate disease therapy in humans through hindering the histone deacetylase catalytic activity. Trichostatin A (TSA) - the most widely used HDACi has been used to determine the role of histone deacetylation on different developmental stages of plants. Results: Here, exogenous TSA was applied in the fiber initiation and elongation in vitro, and the results demonstrated the crucial role of histone deacetylation in fiber initiation regulation. Therefore, we made a transcriptomic analysis to reveal the underlying mechanisms. Through RNA-Seq analysis, the differentially expressed genes were mostly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction,phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and carbon metabolism pathways, suggesting the potential role of phytohormone, phenylpropanoid metabolism, and energy metabolism downstream of histone deacetylation in fiber initiation. The phytohormone signal transduction pathways harbor the most differentially expressed genes. Deeper studies showed that some genes promoting auxin, Gibberellic Acid (GA), and Salicylic Acid (SA) signaling were down-regulated, while some genes facilitating Abscisic Acid (ABA) and inhibiting Jasmonic Acid (JA) singling were up-regulated after the TSA treatments. Conclusions: Collectively, we established a model, in which histone deacetylation can regulate some key genes involved in different phytohormone pathways, consequently, promoting the auxin, GA, JA and SA signaling, whereas, repressing the ABA signaling to improve the fiber cell initiation; besides that the genes associated with energy metabolism, phenylpropanoid, and glutathione metabolism were also involved in. The above results provided novel clues to illuminate the underlying mechanisms of epigenetic modifications as well as interactions of different phytohormones in fiber cell differentiation, which is also very valuable for molecular breeding of higher quality cotton.

scholarly journals The Roles of Natural Compounds in Epigenetics

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300
Author(s):  
Yanhong Yang ◽  
Zuohua Chi ◽  
Ruiping Gao ◽  
Zili Lei
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Histone Modification ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into

Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNA and lncRNA regulations, and take part in many physiological and pathological processes. Recently, it has been found that natural compounds are essential in regulation of epigenetics. By influencing the expression and activities of genes related with epigenetics and altering the expression and functions of miRNAs, many natural compounds exhibit the biological and pharmaceutical activities in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of many kinds of human diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Here in this review, the effects of several natural compounds on epigenetics and the underlying mechanisms were summarized, providing a new insight into the role of natural compounds.

Mitochondrial matrix calcium ions regulate energy production in myocardium: A cytochemical study

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
W.A. Jacob ◽  
R. Hertsens ◽  
A. Van Bogaert ◽  
M. De Smet
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Regulation Of Respiration ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Mitochondrial Matrix ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Nmr Techniques

In the past most studies of the control of energy metabolism focus on the role of the phosphorylation potential ATP/ADP.Pi on the regulation of respiration. Studies using NMR techniques have demonstrated that the concentrations of these compounds for oxidation phosphorylation do not change appreciably throughout the cardiac cycle and during increases in cardiac work. Hence regulation of energy production by calcium ions, present in the mitochondrial matrix, has been the object of a number of recent studies.Three exclusively intramitochondnal dehydrogenases are key enzymes for the regulation of oxidative metabolism. They are activated by calcium ions in the low micromolar range. Since, however, earlier estimates of the intramitochondnal calcium, based on equilibrium thermodynamic considerations, were in the millimolar range, a physiological correlation was not evident. The introduction of calcium-sensitive probes fura-2 and indo-1 made monitoring of free calcium during changing energy metabolism possible. These studies were performed on isolated mitochondria and extrapolation to the in vivo situation is more or less speculative.

Response Interference as a Mechanism Underlying Implicit Measures

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertram Gawronski ◽  
Roland Deutsch ◽  
Etienne P. LeBel ◽  
Kurt R. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Response Interference ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Stimulus Features ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Over the last decade, implicit measures of mental associations (e.g., Implicit Association Test, sequential priming) have become increasingly popular in many areas of psychological research. Even though successful applications provide preliminary support for the validity of these measures, their underlying mechanisms are still controversial. The present article addresses the role of a particular mechanism that is hypothesized to mediate the influence of activated associations on task performance in many implicit measures: response interference (RI). Based on a review of relevant evidence, we argue that RI effects in implicit measures depend on participants’ attention to association-relevant stimulus features, which in turn can influence the reliability and the construct validity of these measures. Drawing on a moderated-mediation model (MMM) of task performance in RI paradigms, we provide several suggestions on how to address these problems in research using implicit measures.

The More You Say, the Less They Hear

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsbeth D. Asbeek Brusse ◽  
Marieke L. Fransen ◽  
Edith G. Smit
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Protection ◽  
Entertainment Education ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Attitude Measures ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract. This study examined the effects of disclosure messages in entertainment-education (E-E) on attitudes toward hearing protection and attitude toward the source. In addition, the (mediating) role of the underlying mechanisms (i.e., transportation, identification, and counterarguing) was studied. In an experiment (N = 336), three different disclosure messages were compared with a no-disclosure condition. The results show that more explicit disclosure messages negatively affect transportation and identification and stimulate the generation of counterarguments. In addition, the more explicit disclosure messages affect both attitude measures via two of these processes (i.e., transportation and counterarguing). Less explicit disclosure messages do not have this effect. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Role of GPRC6A in Regulating Hepatic Energy Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Pi ◽  
Fuyi Xu ◽  
Ruisong Ye ◽  
Satoru K. Nishimoto ◽  
Robert A. Kesterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Energy Metabolism

Autophagy Modulators and Neuroinflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung Sang Cho ◽  
Jang Ho Lee ◽  
Jeiwon Cho ◽  
Guang-Ho Cha ◽  
Gyun Jee Song
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background: Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the development and progression of various neurological disorders. Therefore, various studies have focused on the development of neuroinflammation inhibitors as potential therapeutic tools. Recently, the involvement of autophagy in the regulation of neuroinflammation has drawn substantial scientific interest, and a growing number of studies support the role of impaired autophagy in the pathogenesis of common neurodegenerative disorders. Objective: The purpose of this article is to review recent research on the role of autophagy in controlling neuroinflammation. We focus on studies employing both mammalian cells and animal models to evaluate the ability of different autophagic modulators to regulate neuroinflammation. Methods: We have mostly reviewed recent studies reporting anti-neuroinflammatory properties of autophagy. We also briefly discussed a few studies showing that autophagy modulators activate neuroinflammation in certain conditions. Results: Recent studies report neuroprotective as well as anti-neuroinflammatory effects of autophagic modulators. We discuss the possible underlying mechanisms of action of these drugs and their potential limitations as therapeutic agents against neurological disorders. Conclusion: Autophagy activators are promising compounds for the treatment of neurological disorders involving neuroinflammation.

Inflammatory Biomarkers in Atrial Fibrillation

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 837-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Effimia Zacharia ◽  
Nikolaos Papageorgiou ◽  
Adam Ioannou ◽  
Gerasimos Siasos ◽  
Spyridon Papaioannou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Inflammatory Pathways ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

During the last few years, a significant number of studies have attempted to clarify the underlying mechanisms that lead to the presentation of atrial fibrillation (AF). Inflammation is a key component of the pathophysiological processes that lead to the development of AF; the amplification of inflammatory pathways triggers AF, and, in tandem, AF increases the inflammatory state. Indeed, the plasma levels of several inflammatory biomarkers are elevated in patients with AF. In addition, the levels of specific inflammatory biomarkers may provide information regarding to the AF duration. Several small studies have assessed the role of anti-inflammatory treatment in atrial fibrillation but the results have been contradictory. Large-scale studies are needed to evaluate the role of inflammation in AF and whether anti-inflammatory medications should be routinely administered to patients with AF.

Inter-Tissue and Intra-Tissue Co-Expression Networks in Human Metabolism: Morphological Evaluation of the Link Between Transcription Factors ERβ and NFAT in Morbid Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Athina Chasapi ◽  
Kostas Balampanis ◽  
Eleni Kourea ◽  
Fotios Kalfaretzos ◽  
Vaia Lambadiari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Human Metabolism ◽  
Activated T Cells ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background: Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) plays an important role in human metabolism and some of its metabolic actions are mediated by a positive “cross-talk” with Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) and the key metabolic transcriptional coregulator Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 2 (TIF2). Introduction: Our study is an “in situ” morphological evaluation of the communication between ERβ, NFAT and TIF2 in morbid obesity. Potential correlations with clinicopathological parameters and with the presence of diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were also explored. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of ERβ and NFAT in the underlying pathophysiology of obesity and related comorbidities. We have investigated the expression of specific proteins using immunochemistry methodologies. Methods: Our population consists of 50 morbidly obese patients undergoing planned bariatric surgery, during which biopsies were taken from visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), skeletal muscle (SM), extramyocellular adipose tissue (EMAT) and liver and the differential protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results: We demonstrated an extensive intra- and inter-tissue co-expression network, which confirms the tissue-specific and integral role of each one of the investigated proteins in morbid obesity. Moreover, a beneficial role of ERβ and NFATc1 against NAFLD is implicated, whereas the distinct roles of TIF2 still remain an enigma. Conclusions: We believe that our findings will shed light on the complex underlying mechanisms and that the investigated biomarkers could represent future targets for the prevention and therapy of obesity and its comorbidities.

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