scholarly journals Characterization of Spatio-temporal Trends in Long-term Rainfall of Three Weather Stations in Benin: Implications for Agricultural Decision Making.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moudjahid Akorédé WABI ◽  
Wouter Vanhove ◽  
Rodrigue Idohou ◽  
Achille Hounkpèvi ◽  
Romain Lucas Glèlè Kakaï ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Correlated Data ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract A better understanding of rainfall variability and trends is vital for agricultural production systems. This study evaluates the spatio-temporal variability and trends in annual, seasonal and daily rainfall in Benin. Daily rainfall data for the 1970-2016 period measured at three weather stations (Savè, Malanville, and Tanguiéta) were obtained from the Benin National Weather Agency. Descriptive statistics, standardized anomaly of rainfall (SAR) and rainfall intensity were used to analyze rainfall variability. For rainfall trends analysis, we tested for auto-correlation and used the Mann-Kendall and Modified Mann-Kendall tests for non-auto-correlated and auto-correlated data, respectively. Trend magnitude was estimated using Sen’s slope. Globally a moderate-to-high seasonal rainfall and low variability of yearly rainfall were observed. The SAR indicated more than 50% of the years in the studies period experienced dry years. Between 1970 and 2016, a significant 20 % increase was observed in the yearly rainfall in Tanguiéta whereas no significant trends were observed in Malanville (10% increase) and Savè (0.6% decrease). The general rainfall increase observed during the post-monsoon season (October to November) in the three weather stations potentially increases flood frequencies during the harvest period of some crops, which can reduce crop yields. The changes in the pre-monsoon season (March to May) and monsoon season (June to September) were not globally uniform and can have positive/negative impact on agriculture, certainly when no adaptation strategies are applied. These findings are essential to the resilience building and climate risk management in agriculture which is largely dependent on weather conditions.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal trends in observed and downscaled precipitation over Ganga Basin

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Arora ◽  
Chandra Shekhar Prasad Ojha ◽  
Wouter Buytaert ◽  
Gujjunadu Suryaprakash Kaushika ◽  
Chetan Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Precipitation Series ◽  
Emission Scenarios ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Ganga Basin ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract. This paper focuses on the spatio-temporal trends of precipitation over the Ganga Basin in India for over 2 centuries. Trends in precipitation amounts are detected using observed data for historical period in 20th century and using downscaled precipitation data from 37 GCMs for 21st century. The ranking of 37 GCMs (from CMIP5 archive) is done employing a statistics based skill score. The best ranked GCM output is then bias corrected with observed precipitation prior to further analysis. The direction and magnitude of trend in annual and seasonal precipitation series is determined using Mann Kendall’s test statistic (ZMK) and Thiel Sen’s Slope estimator (β). The plots depicting the spatial variation of ZMK and β are prepared which provides a comprehensive inter-scenario comparison of spatio-temporal trends in precipitation series. Highly non-uniform spatio-temporal trends are detected for observed precipitation series. It is observed that the precipitation for annual and southwest monsoon season is indicating a rising trend for all future emission scenarios in the region adjacent to Himalayas (northeast side of study area) but shows falling trends in the plains away from the Himalayas. Insignificant trends are observed in pre-monsoon and winter season precipitation. An inter-emission-scenario comparison shows that for higher emission scenarios the annual and southwest monsoon precipitation is showing rising trends with increasing spatial dominance i.e. the area under rising trends increases as we observe it from low to high emission scenarios.

scholarly journals Development of Algorithms and Software Systems for Motion Control of a Robotic Tillage Unit

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakov P. Lobachevsky ◽  
Sergey E. Lonin ◽  
Ilya S. Alekseev ◽  
Nikolay T. Goncharov ◽  
Irina I. Afonina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Control ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Random Factor

Abstract. Automation of agricultural machinery is aimed at solving specific practical tasks: control and maintenance of the technological process quality, increasing labor productivity as well as crop yields. The method of "precision farming" is economically expedient, since it is a direct saving of technological material, as well as it helps reducing the negative impact on the environment and farm produce. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to review and analyze the main aspects required to develop the algorithms and software for motion control systems for a robotic tillage unit. (Materials and methods) To implement process control, it is necessary to control the direction of travel along a specified path, change the speed of movement depending on the engine load, switching the transmission gears. Physical-and-mechanical characteristics of the unit are rather heterogeneous and depend on weather conditions. Therefore, the algorithm for controlling the power of the robotic mobile unit must take into account, as much as possible, variations in the external effects of drawbar properties and the motion resistance, as a random factor. (Results and discussion) The authors have developed an imitation model representing the movement of a robotic unit. For the simulation, use has been made of a cyclic trajectory of the unit movement, consisting of two types of sections: the rectilinear ones reflecting the soil tillage pattern, and the turn areas where the unit makes a turn along a curvilinear trajectory around a certain center. (Conclusions) The implementation of robotic technologies in agricultural production result in increased technical, technological, production and economic indicators of agricultural units in field work, increased labor productivity, reduced time required for fieldworks, more rational use of bioenergy resources, increased yields of agricultural crops and reduced environmental impacts.

Less rain and rainy days - lessons from 45 years of rainfall data (1971 to 2015) in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajaram Prajapati ◽  
Rocky Talchabhadel ◽  
Priya Silwal ◽  
Surabhi Upadhyay ◽  
Brandon Ertis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Light Rain ◽  
Mk Test ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Rainy Days

Abstract Understanding spatio-temporal variability in rainfall patterns is crucial for evaluating water balances needed for water resources planning and management. This paper investigates spatio-temporal variability in rainfall and assesses the frequency of daily rainfall observations from seven stations in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, from 1971–2015. Daily rainfall totals were classified into five classes, namely, A (light rain, daily rainfall < 10 mm in a day), B (between 10–50 mm), C (between 50–100 mm), D (between 100–150 mm) and E (> 150 mm). The relationship between daily rainfall and rainfall frequency of various rainfall rate classes were analysed. Kriging method was used for interpolation in interpreting seasonal and annual rainfall data and spatial maps were generated using QGIS. The Mann-Kendall (MK) test was performed to determine the temporal trends and Theil-Sen’s (TS) slope estimator was used in quantifying the magnitude of trends. Mountain stations showed a decreasing trend in rainfall for all seasons, ranging from − 8.4 mm/year at Sankhu to -21.8 mm/year at Thankot, whereas, a mixed pattern was found on the Valley floor. Mean annual rainfall in the Valley was 1610 mm. Both annual rainfall and the number of rainy days decreased in the Kathmandu Valley over the study period. The study indicated a significant reduction in rainfall after 2000. Since springs and shallow groundwater are the primary sources of water supply for residents in the Kathmandu Valley, it is apparent that decreasing rainfall will have (and is already having) an adverse impact on domestic, industrial, and agricultural water supplies, and the livelihoods of people.

scholarly journals Comparing Kriging Estimators Using Weather Station Data and Local Greenhouse Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1853
Author(s):  
Pei-Fen Kuo ◽  
Tzu-En Huang ◽  
I Gede Brawiswa Putra
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Station Data ◽  
Weather Station Data ◽  
Real Value ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Central Weather Bureau

In order to minimize the impacts of climate change on various crops, farmers must learn to monitor environmental conditions accurately and effectively, especially for plants that are particularly sensitive to the weather. On-site sensors and weather stations are two common methods for collecting data and observing weather conditions. Although sensors are capable of collecting accurate weather information on-site, they can be costly and time-consuming to install and maintain. An alternative is to use the online weather stations, which are usually government-owned and free to the public; however, their accuracy is questionable because they are frequently located far from the farmers’ greenhouses. Therefore, we compared the accuracy of kriging estimators using the weather station data (collected by the Central Weather Bureau) to local sensors located in the greenhouse. The spatio-temporal kriging method was used to interpolate temperature data. The real value at the central point of the greenhouse was used for comparison. According to our results, the accuracy of the weather station estimator was slightly lower than that of the local sensor estimator. Farmers can obtain accurate estimators of environmental data by using on-site sensors; however, if they are unavailable, using a nearby weather station estimator is also acceptable.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Modeling of Data Imputation for Daily Rainfall Series in Homogeneous Zones

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ruy Porto De Carvalho ◽  
Alan Massaru Nakai ◽  
José Eduardo B.A. Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Auxiliary Variable ◽  
Data Imputation ◽  
Temporal Modeling ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Versatile Technique ◽  
Temporal Modelling ◽  
Temporal Model ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Spatio-temporal modelling is an area of increasing importance in which models and methods have often been developed to deal with specific applications. In this study, a spatio-temporal model was used to estimate daily rainfall data. Rainfall records from several weather stations, obtained from the Agritempo system for two climatic homogeneous zones, were used. Rainfall values obtained for two fixed dates (January 1 and May 1, 2012) using the spatio-temporal model were compared with the geostatisticals techniques of ordinary kriging and ordinary cokriging with altitude as auxiliary variable. The spatio-temporal model was more than 17% better at producing estimates of daily precipitation compared to kriging and cokriging in the first zone and more than 18% in the second zone. The spatio-temporal model proved to be a versatile technique, adapting to different seasons and dates.

THE GROWTH REGULATORS AND MICRONUTRIENTS ROLE UNDER THE HERBS INTRODUCTION IN TO CULTURE

1970 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
N. I. Sidelnikov ◽  
N. I. Kovalev ◽  
F. M. Khazieva
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Serratula Coronata ◽  
Adverse Weather

With the introduction of new species of medicinal plants there is a change in their usual ecological condition. Unstable weather conditions and phytopathogens can have a negative influence on crop yields. In this article discussed some aspects exogeny management of adaptation processes for new introduced medicinal plants: Lycopus europaeus L., Arctium lappa L., Serratula coronata L. Application of plant growth regulator Dvau for rooting cuttings and binary mixtures of growth regulator Zircon and organomineral (Absolute,Ecofus) or silicon fertilizers (Siliplant) in fields on gypsywort  promotes resistance to adverse weather conditions and reduced crop losses in low moisture and high temperatures of 16-20%, with high humidity and low temperature – 23-25%. On greater burdock it is shown that insufficient water supply has a negative impact on growth processes: the area of the assimilating surface of plants decreases by 17%, the mass of roots - by 13%. Double treatment of plants with silicon-containing microfertilizer Siliplant eliminates the negative impact of drought and increases the yield of roots (medicinal raw materials) by 17-18%. Abiotic and biotic stresses can have a negative impact on the yield and quality of medicinal raw materials of Serratula coronata. Application of microfertilizer Ferovit in dry weather conditions increases the area of the assimilating surface by 28-30%, the yield of raw materials (grass) by 20-25%. One of the biotic stress on Serratulais is the defeat of plants by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum D.C.). Complex application of the growth regulator Zircon and microfertilizer Ferovit provided a more rapid passing of phenological stages, which allowed to begin the harvest before plants defeat by powdery mildew and to exclude from the agrotechnology the use of fungicides.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Application of Multi-Source Satellite Rainfall Product CHIRPS to Assess Spatio-Temporal Rainfall Variability on Data-Sparse Western Margins of Ethiopian Highlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 2688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashebir Sewale Belay ◽  
Ayele Almaw Fenta ◽  
Alemu Yenehun ◽  
Fenta Nigate ◽  
Seifu A. Tilahun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Mean Annual Rainfall ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The spatio-temporal characteristic of rainfall in the Beles Basin of Ethiopia is poorly understood, mainly due to lack of data. With recent advances in remote sensing, satellite derived rainfall products have become alternative sources of rainfall data for such poorly gauged areas. The objectives of this study were: (i) to evaluate a multi-source rainfall product (Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations: CHIRPS) for the Beles Basin using gauge measurements and (ii) to assess the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall across the basin using validated CHIRPS data for the period 1981–2017. Categorical and continuous validation statistics were used to evaluate the performance, and time-space variability of rainfall was analyzed using GIS operations and statistical methods. Results showed a slight overestimation of rainfall occurrence by CHIRPS for the lowland region and underestimation for the highland region. CHIRPS underestimated the proportion of light daily rainfall events and overestimated the proportion of high intensity daily rainfall events. CHIRPS rainfall amount estimates were better in highland regions than in lowland regions, and became more accurate as the duration of the integration time increases from days to months. The annual spatio-temporal analysis result using CHIRPS revealed: a mean annual rainfall of the basin is 1490 mm (1050–2090 mm), a 50 mm increase of mean annual rainfall per 100 m elevation rise, periodical and persistent drought occurrence every 8 to 10 years, a significant increasing trend of rainfall (~5 mm year−1), high rainfall variability observed at the lowland and drier parts of the basin and high coefficient of variation of monthly rainfall in March and April (revealing occurrence of bimodal rainfall characteristics). This study shows that the performance of CHIRPS product can vary spatially within a small basin level, and CHIRPS can help for better decision making in poorly gauged areas by giving an option to understand the space-time variability of rainfall characteristics.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of Rainfall Variability for Tehsils of Palghar District, Maharashtra State, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 2602-2618
Author(s):  
Dr. Sumit M. Dhak
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
Detailed Statistical Analysis ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
The Mean

A detailed statistical analysis of monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall for Tehsils of Palghar district were carried out using 22 years (1998-2019) daily rainfall data taken from Department of Agriculture, Maharashtra State. The mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation for monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall were computed for tehsils of Palghar districts. The month of July received maximum monthly mean rainfall for all years (1998 to 2019) in tehsils of Palghar district. The result showed that monthly mean rainfall in month of July was maximum at Jawhar (1147.1 mm) followed by Vikramgad (1071.9 mm), Talasari (1014.3 mm), Vasai (1009.9 mm), Wada (998.5 mm), Mokhada (949.6 mm), Palghar (948.7 mm) and Dahanu (841.6) with contributes 40.4 %, 39.1 %, 38.5 %, 35.4 %, 37.3 %, 37.3 %, 36.9 % and 36.3 % of the annual mean rainfall (1998 to 2019) respectively. The result showed that contribution of rainfall during Monsoon season ranges from 95.5 % to 97.0 % of the annual total rainfall for tehsils of Palghar District. The result showed that average annual rainfall (1998 to 2019) of Vasai, Jawhar, Vikramgad, Wada, Talasari, Palghar, Mokhada and Dahanu were 2855.9 mm, 2839.1 mm, 2738.9 mm, 2674.0 mm, 2633.3 mm, 2570.8 mm, 2543.6 mm and 2318.5 mm respectively.

scholarly journals VARIABILIDADE PLUVIOMÉTRICA E A EROSIVIDADE DAS CHUVAS NA UNIDADE HIDROGRÁFICA PIRAPÓ, PARANAPANEMA III E IV - PARANÁ - RAINFALL VARIABILITY AND RAINFALL EROSIVITY IN PIRAPÓ, PARANAPANEMA III AND IV HYDROGRAPHIC UNIT - PARANÁ

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Miguel de Bodas Terassi ◽  
Hélio Silveira ◽  
José Francisco de Oliveira Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Erosivity Index ◽  
Usual Behavior ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Soil Conservation Measures ◽  
Rainy Days

Os estudos acerca do comportamento espaço-temporal da chuva fornecem subsídios para o planejamento de diversos setores, enquanto o conhecimento da erosividade das chuvas permite a identificação de áreas e períodos em que as práticas de conservação do solo são prioritárias. Baseado nisto, o presente trabalho objetiva avaliar a variabilidade pluviométrica e a erosividade na unidade hidrográfica Pirapó, Paranapanema III e IV, que está situada no Terceiro Planalto Paranaense, entre os paralelos de 22º30’S e 23º30’S e os meridianos de 51º00’W e 53º00’W. Os dados pluviométricos foram obtidos de trinta e cinco postos pluviométricos do Instituto das Águas do Paraná e de cinco estações meteorológicas do Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) e Sistema Meteorológico do Paraná (SIMEPAR), no período de 1976 a 2012, para as escalas anual e sazonal. Foi utilizada a metodologia de Rufino, Biscaia e Merten (1993) para a determinação do índice de erosividade da chuva. Verificou-se que o setor mais elevado da unidade hidrográfica apresentou as maiores alturas pluviométricas, os maiores números de dias de chuva e o maior potencial erosivo. Inversamente, os setores de menores cotas altimétricas obtiveram os menores resultados pluviométricos, número de dias de chuva e erosividade. Notou-se que os resultados para a escala sazonal estiveram alinhados aos já obtidos e ao comportamento habitual da dinâmica atmosférica regional.ABSTRACTResearch concerning rainfall spatio-temporal behavior provides help to the planning of many sectors, while the knowledge of rainfall erosivity allows identifying areas and periods in which soil conservation measures are a priority. Based on this, this paper aims to evaluate the rainfall variability and the erosivity in Pirapó, Paranapanema III and IV hydrographic unit, which is located at the so-called Third Plateau of Paraná, between the 22º30’S and 23º30’S parallels and the 51º00’W and 53º00’W meridians. The rainfall data were obtained from thirty five rain gauges at Paraná Water Institute and from five weather stations at Paraná Agronomy Institute (IAPAR), National Weather Institute (INMET) and Paraná Meteorological System (SIMEPAR), in the period of 1976 to 2012, to the annual and seasonal time scales. The methodology by Rufino, Biscaia and Merten (1993) was applied to determine the rainfall erosivity index. It was possible to verify that the most elevated sector of the hydrographic unit showed the greatest heights of rainfall, the biggest amount of rainy days and the greatest erosion potential. On the other hand, the sectors with the lowest altimetric quotas had the lowest results regarding rainfall, amount of rainy days and erosity. It was noticed that the results to the seasonal time scales were aligned to that had been verified and to the usual behavior of the regional atmospheric dynamics.

scholarly journals Defining Intraseasonal Rainfall Variability within the North American Monsoon

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 4243-4253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil J. Englehart ◽  
Arthur V. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
North American Monsoon ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific

Abstract This study provides an empirical description of intraseasonal rainfall variability within the North American monsoon (NAM) region. Applying particular definitions to historical daily rainfall observations, it demonstrates that distinct intraseasonal rainfall modes exist and that these modes differ considerably from the monsoon core region in northwest Sonora (SON), California, to its northward extension in southeast Arizona (AZ). To characterize intraseasonal rainfall variability (ISV), separate P-mode principal component (PC) analyses were performed for SON and AZ. The results indicate that in each area, much of the ISV in rainfall can be described by three orthogonal modes. The correlations between ISV modes and total seasonal rainfall reinforce the notion of differing behaviors between the monsoon’s core and extension. For SON all three ISV modes exhibit significant correlation with seasonal rainfall, with the strongest relationship in evidence for the ISV mode, which is related to rainfall intensity. For AZ, total rainfall exhibits the strongest correlation with the ISV mode, which emphasizes season length and rainfall consistency. Examination of longer-period behavior in the ISV modes indicates that, for SON, there is a positive linear trend in intensity, but a countervailing trend toward a shorter monsoon season along with less consistent rainfall in the form of shorter wet spells. For AZ, the evidence for trend in the ISV modes is not nearly as compelling, though one of the modes appears to exhibit distinct multidecadal variability. This study also evaluates teleconnectivity between ENSO, the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and the NAM’s intraseasonal rainfall variability. Results indicate that part of the intraseasonal rainfall variability in both SON and AZ is connected to ENSO while only SON exhibits a teleconnection with the long-period fluctuations of the PDO.

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