scholarly journals Creating Amylose-Free Barley Cultivars with High Soluble Sugar Content By Genome Editing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Li ◽  
Yanyan Jiang ◽  
Shiting Fan ◽  
Xiaolong Gan ◽  
Dong Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Waxy Protein ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Novel Alleles ◽  
Amylose Free

Abstract Background Amylose biosynthesis is strictly associated with granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) encoded by the Waxy gene. Waxy barley has extensive prospects for application in functional food development and the brewing industry; however, amylose-free waxy barleys are relatively scarce in nature. Results Here we created new alleles of the Waxy gene using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Mutagenesis of single bases in these novel alleles caused absence of intact waxy protein in grain of the edited line. Consequently, B-type granules disappeared. The amylose and amylopectin contents of the edited line were zero and 31.73%, while those in the wild type (WT) were 33.50% and 39.00%, respectively. The absence of waxy protein led to increase in soluble sugar content to 37.30% compared with only 10.0% in the WT. Typical soluble sugars, sucrose and β-glucan, were 39.16% and 35.40% higher in the edited line than in the WT, respectively. Transcriptome analysis identified differences between the edited line and the WT that could partly explain the reduction in amylose and amylopectin contents and the increase in soluble sugar, sucrose and β-glucan contents. Conclusions The barley cultivar with novel alleles of the Waxy gene contained zero amylose, lower amylopectin, and higher soluble sugar, sucrose and β-glucan than the wild type. This new cultivar provides a good germplasm resource for improving the quality of barley.

scholarly journals Enhanced soluble sugar content in tomato fruit using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated SlINVINH1 and SlVPE5 gene editing

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12478
Author(s):  
Baike Wang ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Shaoyong Huang ◽  
Jiahui Hu ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Editing ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Solid

Soluble sugar is known to improve the sweetness and increase tomato sauce yield. Studies have focused on improving the content of soluble sugar in tomato fruits, usually by promoting functional genes. We studied two genes (SlINVINH1 and SlVPE5) that inhibited the accumulation of soluble sugar in tomato fruits and obtained two genes’ knocked-out lines (CRISPR-invinh1 or CRISPR-vpe5) using CRISPR/Cas9. Aggregated lines with CRISPR-invinh1 and CRISPR-vpe5 were gained by hybridization and self-pollination. Compared to wild-type lines, the glucose, fructose, and total soluble solid (TSS) contents of CRISPR-invinh1 and CRISPR-vpe5 increased significantly. Glucose, fructose, and TSS levels further improved simultaneously with CRISPR-invinh1 and CRISPR-vpe5 than with single gene knock-out lines. This indicates that these genes have a synergistic effect and will increase the soluble sugar content. Thus, the knock-out SlINVINH1 and SlVPE5 may provide a practical basis for improving the sweetness of tomato fruits and their processing quality.

scholarly journals Effects of repeated drought stress on the physiological characteristics and lipid metabolism of Bombax ceiba L. during subsequent drought and heat stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanling Zheng ◽  
Zhining Xia ◽  
Jianrong Wu ◽  
Huancheng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Drought Hardening

Abstract Background Trees of Bombax ceiba L. could produce a large number of viable seeds in the dry-hot valleys. However, the seedling regeneration of the species is difficult in these areas as mild drought often occur repeatedly which might be followed by heat stress. However, how the repeated drought affects the subsequent drought and heat tolerance of B. ceiba is not clear. In this study, chlorophyll fluorescence, soluble sugar content and lipid metabolism were measured for the drought-treated seedlings and heat-treated seedlings with or without drought hardening. Results Neither the first nor third dehydration treatments affected the photosynthetic activity and soluble sugar content of B. ceiba seedlings. However, they differentially affected the fluidity of the local membranes and the levels of diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. Heat shock severely decreased the photosynthetic efficiency but drought priming reduced the effects of heat shock. Moreover, heat shock with or without drought priming had differential effects on the metabolism of soluble sugars and some lipids. In addition, the unsaturation level of membrane glycerolipids increased following heat shock for non-drought-hardened seedlings which, however, maintained for drought-hardened seedlings. Conclusions The results suggest that two cycles of dehydration/recovery can affect the metabolism of some lipids during the third drought stress and may enhance the heat tolerance of B. ceiba by adjusting lipid composition and membrane fluidity.

scholarly journals Effect of an IAA overproducer mutant of the fungus hebeloma Cylindrosporum romagnesi on the early stages of ectomycorrhizal infection and carbohydrate content in seedlings of Pinus pinaster (ait.) SOL.

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rudawska ◽  
Gilles Gay
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hebeloma Cylindrosporum ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

Ectomycorrhizal and control seedlings of <i>Pinus pinaster</i> were cultured on a synthetic Melin-Norkrans medium in Petri dishes. Seedlings were inoculated with a mycelial slurry of an indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) overproducer <i>Hebeloma cylindrosporum</i> mutant 331. The wild strain <i>H. cylindrosporum</i> hl was used as a reference. Medium was supplemented or not with glucose. The mycelial slurry appeared to be very effective for mycorrhizal inoculation even on the medium without glucose. In such culture conditions ectomycorrhizal ability of the IAA overproducer mutant 331 was significantly higher than of the comparable wild type. The highest content of soluble sugars was found in stems and roots of plants mycorrhizal with the mutant followed by mycorrhizal plants with the wild type and then by the uninoculated control. Sucrose practically disappeared from roots of mycorrhizal plants. Starch content in roots of mycorrhizal plants with the IAA overproducer mutant was lower as compared with other treatments. Fungal auxin in mycorrhizal symbiosis seems to be responsible for maintaining the source-sink relationship. This is revealed by higher sugar level in the host's photosynthetic tissue (source) and the rise of soluble sugar content in roots (sink) due to enhanced translocation of sugars to the roots and auxin stimulated conversion of carbohydrates (sucrose, starch) of the host.

scholarly journals The difference in temperature between day and night affects the strawberry soluble sugar content by influencing the photosynthesis, respiration and sucrose phosphatase synthase

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 174-182
Author(s):  
Xiangyi Wu ◽  
Wei Han ◽  
Zaiqiang Yang ◽  
Yixuan Zhang ◽  
Yanjiao Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content ◽  
Grey Correlation Analysis

Plenty of studies have demonstrated that DIF has an effect on the fruit growth. To study the effects of day and night temperature differences on the strawberry sugar quality, an experiment using climate chambers was conducted. Five different differences between the day and night temperatures (DIF) were set, which were 6 °C (28 °C/22 °C, day/night temperature), 8 °C (29 °C/21 °C), 10 °C (30 °C/20 °C), 12 °C (31 °C/19 °C), 14 °C (32 °C/18 °C). The results showed the following indices peaked with a DIF of 12 °C, including the photosynthesis rate, glucose content, fructose content, sucrose content, soluble sugar content and sugar metabolic enzyme activity. The respiration rate increased with the DIF during the day and decreased with the DIF at night. The root dry weight peaked at a DIF of 10 °C, the stolon dry weight peaked at a DIF of 8 °C and the leaf dry weight peaked at a DIF of 6 °C; however, the fruit dry weight reached maximum values at a DIF of 12 °C. The Grey correlation analysis showed that the most important factor in our experiment affecting the fructose content was the sucrose phosphate synthase; however, for the sucrose, glucose, and soluble sugars, the most important factor was the photosynthesis. We found that a DIF of 12 °C (31 °C/19 °C, day/night temperature) was the most suitable for strawberry growth, especially for the sugar content accumulation.

The Influence of Chlorophenoxy Herbicides MCPA on Creeping Bentgrass Physiological Index

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 2763-2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Fan Gao ◽  
Ming Wang Shi ◽  
Jian Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Physiological Index ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content ◽  
Content Determination ◽  
Chlorophenoxy Herbicides ◽  
Test Result

In this article, we studied to different concentrations of MCPA to creeping bentgrass Growth. Through the creeping bentgrass in four different periods of chlorophyll content, MDA and soluble sugar content determination. This test result showed:With the MCPA concentration increases, creeping bentgrass decline of chlorophyll content in the same period of growth, MDA and soluble sugar content increased. MCPA used after the early pair of creeping bentgrass growth is large, to put off with MCPA handle time, to affect to creeping bentgrass growth is gradually decreased.

scholarly journals Alterations in the lipid and soluble sugar content of melanoxylon brauna seeds during natural and accelerated ageing

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Borges Corte ◽  
Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e Borges ◽  
José Francisco de Carvalho Gonçalves ◽  
Mirian Sousa Silva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Natural Ageing ◽  
Metabolic Reactions ◽  
Tree Seeds

The decay of seeds is irreversible and at best can only be delayed by applying techniques that reduce the velocity of the metabolic reactions involved. There is little information on the biochemistry of tropical forest tree seeds related to their storability. It was investigated the influence of the composition of lipids and soluble sugars of two storage compartments, the cotyledons and the embryonic axis, of Melanoxylon brauna Schot. (Leguminosae- Caesalpinioideae), a hardwood known as black brauna, seeds stored at 20 ºC for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months (natural ageing) and for 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours at 40 ºC (accelerated ageing). The levels of fatty acids and monosaccharides varied differentially in each of the embryo storage compartments. Changes in oligosaccharide levels were similar for both types of ageing, diminishing in both compartments. Ageing can be attributed to the significant decrease of oligosaccharides and the increase of glucose in both types of ageing and both embryo compartments.

scholarly journals Biochemical and phytochemical evaluation of Stevia rebaudiana

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Moniruzzaman Sohag Howlader ◽  
Sheikh Rashel Ahmed ◽  
Khadizatul Kubra ◽  
Md Khairul Hassan Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar

The present study was aimed to evaluate biochemical and phytotochemical of dry leaves of Stevia rebaudiana. Biochemical analysis indicated that Stevia leaves are a good source of carbohydrate and reducing sugar. Different extraction methods were used to prepare four different dry extracts (Extract A, B, C, D). Total soluble sugars and reducing sugars were analyzed for these four dry extracts and commercial Stevia powder. The highest amount of total soluble sugar (477 mg sugar g-1 dry extract) was obtained from extract C and higher amount of reducing sugar (82 mg g-1 dry extract) was obtained from extract D among the extracts. But commercial Stevia powder showed higher total soluble sugar content (754 mg g-1 dry powder) and highest amount of reducing sugar (98 mg g-1 dry extract) than all the extracted dry samples. The extraction process of dry extract C was feasible for the extraction of total soluble sugar. For the phytochemical screening, crude extract was tested for the presence of different chemical groups and presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and saponins that were identified. The highest amount of total phenolic compounds (92 mg) was recorded from methanolic extract of extraction B. The lowest amount of total phenolic compounds (36 mg) was recorded in ethanolic extract of extraction A. So, Methanol proved as best solvent to extract increased quantity of total phenolic compounds than other solvents.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 121-130

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