scholarly journals Anesthesia and Intubation of 10-Day Old C57BL/6J Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxin Wu ◽  
Amy M. Nicks ◽  
Justin J. Skowno ◽  
Michael P. Feneley ◽  
Siiri E. Iismaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Weight ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Cardiothoracic Surgery ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Post Intubation ◽  
Animal Handling ◽  
Weight Groups

Abstract Murine surgical models play an important role in preclinical research. Mechanistic insights into myocardial regeneration after cardiac injury may be gained from cardiothoracic surgery models in 0-14-day-old mice, the cardiomyocytes of which, unlike those of adults, retain proliferative capacity. Mouse pups up to 7 days old are effectively immobilized by hypothermia and do not require intubation for cardiothoracic surgery. Preadolescent (8-14-day-old) mouse pups, however, do require intubation, but this is challenging and there is little information regarding anesthesia to facilitate intubation. Empirical titration of ketamine/xylazine/atropine dosage regimens to body weight indicated the response to anesthesia of 10-day-old C57BL6/J mouse pups of different weights was non-linear, whereby doses of 20/4/0.12 mg/kg, 30/4/0.12 mg/kg and 50/6/0.18 mg/kg, facilitated intubation of pups weighing between 3.15-4.49 g (n=22), 4.50-5.49 g (n=20) and 5.50-8.10 g (n=20), respectively. Lower-body-weight pups required more intubation attempts than heavier pups (p<0.001). Survival post-intubation was inversely correlated with body weight (65, 70 and 80% for low-, mid- and high-weight groups, respectively, R2=0.995). For myocardial infarction surgery after intubation, a surgical plane of anesthesia was induced with 4.5% isoflurane in 100% oxygen and maintained with 2% isoflurane in 100% oxygen. Survival post-surgery was similar for the three weight groups at 92%, 86% and 88% (p=0.91). Together with refinements in animal handling practices for intubation and surgery, and to minimize cannibalization by the dam post-surgery, overall survival for the entire procedure (intubation plus surgery) was inversely correlated with body weight (55%, 60% and 70% for low-, mid- and high-weight groups, respectively, R2=0.978). Given the difficulty encountered with intubation of 10-day old pups and the associated high mortality, we recommend cardiothoracic surgery in 10-day-old pups be restricted to those weighing at least 5.5 g.

scholarly journals Fast Focus Ultrasound Liver Technique for the Assessment of Cystic Echinococcosis in Sheep

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Borriello ◽  
Jacopo Guccione ◽  
Antonio Di Loria ◽  
Antonio Bosco ◽  
Paola Pepe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Focus Ultrasound ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Female Sheep ◽  
Weight Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Outcomes

A complete ultrasound examination (cUS) of the liver was performed on 172 female sheep and compared to the performance of a fast-focused ultrasound technique to diagnose echinococcal cysts. The scanned area was divided in: HYP (right hypocondrium), zone (Z)1 from HYP to the 11th intercostal space (IS), Z2 (10th–8th IS) and Z3 (7th–5th IS). Contiguous scans were also examined (HYP + Z1, Z1 + Z2, Z2 + Z3). Furthermore, during the procedures, the sheep were divided into three groups according to the body weight: Group (G) 1 (lighter), G2 (medium), and G3 (heavier). Finally, diagnostic outcomes were compared with necropsy findings. cUS obtained the highest values of sensitivity (Se) (91%), Specificity (Sp) (80%), and positive-zones (124/138, 90%), as compared to the other scans. cUS was also characterized by high values of Se and Sp and was able to identify a great number of positive-zones, when sheep were divided by body-weight groups. Similar performances were obtained in G1 by HYP (Se: 91%–Sp: 82%; 18/20, 90% of positive-zones) and HYP + Z1 scans (Se: 91%–Sp: 82; 90% of positive-zones, 18/20). Thus, in lighter breeds, the examination of HYP and HYP + Z1 scan windows could be considered reliable techniques for identifying the infected animals, while in heavier sheep the cUS still represents the best option.

Esophageal Diameters in Children Correlated to Body Weight

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (06) ◽  
pp. 528-532
Author(s):  
Thomas Sebastian Bott ◽  
Thekla von Kalle ◽  
Alexander Schilling ◽  
Oliver Heinz Diez ◽  
Sarah Besch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pediatric Surgery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal ◽  
Weight Groups ◽  
Weight Percentile

Introduction The development of stenoses after correction of an esophageal atresia or acid and lye burn of the esophagus are well-known problems in pediatric surgery. Currently, stenoses are treated in the majority of cases by repeated balloon dilatations. The diameter of the balloons used is not standardized; standard curves do not exist. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diameter of the esophagus correlated to the body weight of the children as measured in upper gastrointestinal (GI) studies to answer the important question to what extent a stenosis should be dilated. Materials and Methods Within the time period from 2011 through 2016, 60 patients with upper GI studies were selected. Evaluations were blinded to two different examiners. The diameters were measured under maximum contrast filling between the second and third rib (cranial point of measurement) and between the seventh and eighth rib (caudal point of measurement). For both, the anteroposterior and lateral aspect was examined. The diameter was calculated as the arithmetic average of both measurements within one level. The diameters were correlated to the weight of the children. Results All children (n = 38) within the 3rd to 97th weight percentile were analyzed. Linear correlation and coefficients of 0.67 at the cranial point and 0.70 at the caudal point were found. Mean diameter at the cranial point of measurement was 6.75 mm at the lowest weight (2.6 kg) and 14 mm at 74 kg. Mean weight of these children (standard deviation [SD]) was 25.3 (18.8) kg and median age was 7 years. Within weight groups (0–10 kg; 10–20 kg; 20–35 kg; 35–50 kg; >50 kg), we calculated SD and two side tested critical 95% confidence interval for all measurements (n = 74). Conclusion Although the variation in measurements is considerable, this evaluation gives a reliable hint to which extent esophageal stenoses should be dilated in relation to the body weight. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation to evaluate the diameter of the esophagus in children in relation to the body weight.

scholarly journals Biological efficiency of Charolais beef cows of different body sizes

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1737
Author(s):  
Gustavo Duarte Farias ◽  
Liliane Cerdótes ◽  
Ricardo Zambarda Vaz ◽  
João Restle ◽  
Marcia Ferreira Bitencourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Weight Groups

This study aimed to evaluate the production, reproductive performance, and productive efficiency of predominantly Charolais cows and their calves (Straightbred, ¾ C, ¼ N) according to body size at calving. Sixty-three cow-calf pairs were used and classified into three weight groups: Light (331.3±5.8 kg), Moderate (385.9±5.3 kg), and Heavy (424.4±6.2 kg). The classes were formed using half standard deviations above or below the average weight of the cows at calving. For each pair, the body weight was evaluated at calving, at weaning (63 days), at the beginning and at end of the reproductive period, and at 9 months for the calves. Pregnancy rates were similar (P > 0.05) between weight groups. The calves did not differ (P > 0.05) in terms of body weight and weight gain from calving until pregnancy diagnosis (210 days). The heavy cows had greater weight variations from 210 days to 270 days than the light cows. The calf production rate (kg calf/cow kept in herds) did not differ between weight groups. However, in relation to the weight of the cows at 210 days, light cows were 11.28% and 13.02% more productive (P < 0.05), than moderate and heavy cows, respectively. Light cows were more efficient than the other classes of cows at calving and at 210 days old. Our simulations showed that there were more kilograms for sale in herds of light cows (53.085 kg) than moderate and heavy cows (52.310 and 52.870 kg, respectively), while maintaining the structures of the herd constant. The size of the Charolais cow did not influence the weight of calves from calving until 7 months of age or their reproductive performance provided they were weaned early. The need for space for the maintenance of the cow-calf pair increased as the weight of the cows increased. In herds with smaller cows, higher numbers and a higher production of weight for sale are observed than in herds with moderate and heavy cows. Light cows were the most efficient at calving and during pregnancy diagnosis at 210 days.

scholarly journals Effect of mushrooms on obesity in animal models: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Grotto ◽  
Isabella Ferreira Camargo ◽  
Katia Kodaira ◽  
Lauren Giustti Mazzei ◽  
Juliana Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Aquatic Mammal

Abstract Background Obesity and its consequences are worldwide epidemic problem; therefore, studies with strategies and mechanisms that favor weight loss to improve outcomes in health are necessary. Effects of mushrooms on body weight are uncertain. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the efficacy of mushrooms in weight loss in animal preclinical models. Method This is a systematic review of preclinical studies of animal models of obesity (any type of non-aquatic mammal), which were exposed to edible and medicinal mushrooms orally in comparison with the control. The following databases will be used: MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, BIOSIS, SCOPUS, and gray literature. There will be no restriction of language, date, or publication status. The primary outcome will be body weight loss. And the secondary outcomes include the total amount of food consumed by the animals, analysis of metabolic parameters, inflammatory mediators, mortality for any causes, and any adverse effect reported. A team of reviewers will select, in pairs and independently, the titles and abstracts, extract data from qualifying studies, and assess bias risk (using SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool and the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (CAMARADES) checklist). The standardized mean difference (SMD) will be calculated to measure treatment effect, with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The heterogeneity between-study will be calculated by I2 inconsistency values and Cochran’s Q statistical test, where I2 > 50% and/or p < 0.10 suggest high heterogeneity meta-analyses of random effects will be conducted as possible. Discussion Although many experimental studies about the effects of mushrooms on obesity have already been published, there is still no consensus in the literature. This study will provide evidences of preclinical research on mushrooms and their relation to body weight loss in animal models of obesity, being non-aquatic mammals. Also, this systematic review will show the limitations and strengths of the studies available in the literature, as well as it will to encourage the financing of new studies by public health managers and governmental entities. Systematic review registration PROSPERO (CRD42019125299).

scholarly journals ANÁLISE DOS FATORES HUMANOS E CONDIÇÕES DE TRABALHO EM OPERAÇÕES DE IMPLANTAÇÃO FLORESTAL

FLORESTA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Da Silva Lopes ◽  
Janaine Vosniak ◽  
Nilton César Fiedler ◽  
Mário Takao Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
High Weight ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
High Incidence

Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar os fatores humanos e condições de trabalho nas operações de implantação florestal. A coleta dos dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas realizadas com 48 trabalhadores florestais das atividades de coveamento, plantio e adubação. Os resultados indicaram que a média de idade dos trabalhadores foi de 31,7 anos, estatura de 170,1 cm e peso de 74,2 kg; 77,9% eram de origem rural, 58,9% eram casados e 77,5% não concluíram o Ensino Fundamental. Quanto ao tempo de serviço na empresa, a média foi de 30,4 meses e o tempo médio de experiência na função foi de 23,0 meses. Em relação à lateralidade, 58,3% dos trabalhadores da atividade de coveamento eram destros e 41,7% eram canhotos, o que podendo influenciar na adaptação dos trabalhadores para a execução da operação. A elevada incidência de dores nas pernas (40,7%) e nas costas (30,3%) foi afirmada pelos trabalhadores do coveamento como sendo causada pelo elevado peso do equipamento. O capacete com viseira foi apontado pelos trabalhadores como causa de dores de cabeça e dificuldade de visão, e as luvas como causa de umedecimento das mãos e perda de sensibilidade, situações que podem dificultar o manuseio do perfurador de solo no trabalho.Palavras-chave: Implantação florestal; fatores humanos; qualidade de vida. AbstractHuman factors and work conditions analysis in forest planting operations. The aim of this research was to analyze human factors and work conditions in forest planting operations. Data were collected by interviews with 48 workers of hole-digging, planting and fertilizing activities. The results indicated that the workers average age was 31.7 years, height 170.1 cm and body weight 74.2 Kg. 77.9% were of rural origin, 58.9% were married and 77.5% did not reach basic schooling. The average job time in the company was 30.4 months and the average time of activity experience was 23.0 months. Most (58.3%) of the workers of hole-digging were dexterous and 41.7% were left-hand, which may influence the adaptation of workers in operation of the equipment. The high incidence of leg (40.7%) and back pain (30.3%) was affirmed by the workers of hole-digging as caused by the high weight of the equipment. The helmet with visor was appointed by workers as cause of headaches and vision difficulty and gloves were identified as cause to wet hands and hardly handling punch land in work.Keywords: Forest planting; human factors; quality of life.

scholarly journals P037 Antagonism of chemokine receptor CCR9 synergises with anti-TNFα immunotherapy to reduce inflammation in the MDR1a−/− mouse model of colitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S150-S150
Author(s):  
J Campbell ◽  
L Ertl ◽  
K Ebsworth ◽  
J McMahon ◽  
P Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Neutrophil Accumulation ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Colon Inflammation ◽  
Chemokine Ligand ◽  
Control Body

Abstract Background The development of anti-TNFα immunotherapies has led to great advances in quality of life for Crohn’s and colitis patients and has allowed a reduction in steroid use for these diseases. However, a significant proportion of IBD patients is resistant to anti-TNFα agents, or becomes resistant to such treatments over time. Preclinical research and clinical trials have suggested that CCR9 antagonism can effectively reduce colon inflammation. CCR9 is expressed on a subset of T cells dedicated to monitoring the immune status of the intestine. When activated by its only known chemokine ligand, CCL25/TECK, CCR9 triggers the adhesion of gut-specific T cells to vascular endothelium and the subsequent ingress of these cells to intestinal tissues. Antagonism of this receptor inhibits the accumulation of T cells within inflamed intestinal epithelium and lamina propria. Since anti-TNFα and CCR9 antagonists act through entirely different mechanisms, we asked whether these two approaches might synergise and expand the effectiveness and scope of each therapy. Methods We used a piroxicam-accelerated version of the MDR1a−/− spontaneous colitis model in mice. In this model, 7week MDR1a−/− mice (or WT FVB controls) receive piroxicam in powdered chow for 10 days. Mice are monitored both during and after the piroxicam feeding period, for a total of 21 days. Treatment groups (eight mice each) include an antibody (a saturating dose of either anti-TNFα or its isotype-matched control) and a CCR9 antagonist (or its vehicle alone as a control). Body weight and diarrhoea score were recorded throughout the entire 21 days period, after which colons were obtained from sacrificed animals for weighing, length measurement and imaging. Results We have found that combined dosing of piroxicam-fed MDR1a−/− mice with a CCR9 antagonist and an anti-TNFα MAb significantly reverses loss of body weight, diarrhoea score and colon inflammation. The combined dosing was more effective than anti-TNFα or CCR9 antagonist alone, as measured by colon length/weight ratio, neutrophil accumulation in the colonic epithelium and reversal of the loss in body weight characteristic of this model. Conclusion These data suggest that combining a CCR9 antagonist with existing anti-TNFα treatment regimens may extend the benefits of anti-TNFα immunotherapy to a larger class of patients suffering from IBD and may prolong the effectiveness of anti-TNFα immunotherapy for those patients already undergoing such treatments.

scholarly journals Changes in Resting Energy Expenditure following Gastric Bypass Surgery: Impact on Total Body Weight.

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathimath Naseer ◽  
Ruth Price ◽  
Adele McElroy ◽  
Carel Le Roux ◽  
Tamsyn Redpath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Ree Group

AbstractBariatric surgery, including Gastric Bypass (GBP) Surgery, is the most efficient modality to manage severe obesity. Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) is an area of interest in the context of weight loss (WL) as it has been postulated to be an independent predictor of WL success following GBP. As such, the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of REE on WL following GBP. 31 GBP patients (77.4% females BMI 45.5 ± 7.0kg/m2 ; 47.3 ± 11.6y) and 32 weight-stable controls (46.9% females; BMI 27.0 ± 4.6kg/m2 ; 41.1 ± 13.5y) were assessed at one-month pre-surgery and at 3 and 12-months post-surgery. Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar iDXA, GE Healthcare). REE was measured under standardised conditions using indirect calorimetry (ECAL, Metabolic Health Solutions). Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS v24.0, Armonk, NY. Multiple regression analysis showed that FM (P = 0.001), FFM (P < 0.0001) and gender (P = 0.012) significantly predicted the interindividual variability in REE. Total body weight (TBW) was removed from the model due to collinearity. Adjusted-REE values were then generated using the above predictor variables. Low-REE and high-REE groups were created using within-group adjusted-REE split. At both follow-ups (3- and 12-months post-surgery), patients had a greater reduction in TBW, FM, FFM, measured-REE and adjusted-REE values compared with controls (P < 0.0001). There was also no significant difference between measured and adjusted-REE values at all time-points (P > 0.05). Patients with high REEs at baseline lost more TBW than those in the low-REE group at 3-months post-surgery (-24.9 ± 6.5 kg vs. -16.6 ± 7.0 kg; P = 0.005) and 12-months post-surgery (-41.3 ± 12.5 kg vs. -25.8 ± 10.4.0 kg; P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in mean TBW changes for controls in the low-and high-REE groups at both follow-ups. Patients with high REEs at 3-months post-surgery did not lose more TBW than those in the low-REE group at 12-months post-surgery (-30.1 ± 12.8 kg vs. -38.6 ± 14.4 kg; P = 0.155). Similarly, there was no difference in mean TBW reduction between controls in the low- and high-REE groups (P = 0.115). Thus while patients with a high adjusted-REE value at baseline (> 9746.6kJ/day) lost more weight at 3- and 12-months post-GBP, it is plausible that from the third to the 12th month post-surgery, other key drivers of weight loss, particularly the reduction in energy intake are more important in predicting WL. Further research with a larger sample size is required to increase the chances of detecting a true effect.

SELECTION FOR SERUM CHOLESTEROL, VOLUNTARY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, 56-DAY BODY WEIGHT AND FEED INTAKE IN RANDOMBRED MICE. II. CORRELATED RESPONSES

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Dunnington ◽  
J. M. White ◽  
W. E. Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
High Weight ◽  
Control Line ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Voluntary Physical Activity ◽  
High Feed

Randomly bred ICR mice were selected for five generations for high and low serum cholesterol (SC), voluntary physical activity, 56-day body weight and feed intake. An unselected, randomly bred control line was maintained with each pair of selection lines. Significant increases in mature body weight occurred in males of high weight and high intake lines and in females of high SC, high weight and high intake lines. Significant decreases in mature body weights occurred in males of low weight line and in females of low SC and low weight lines. Both high and low selected SC lines had greater (P<0.05) activity scores and consumed more feed than the SC control. Mice selected for high activity consumed more (P<0.05) feed than mice selected for low activity. Mice selected for high 56-day body weight consumed more (P<0.05) feed and had higher SC than mice selected for low 56-day body weight. Mice selected for high feed intake were heavier (P<0.05) and more active (P<0.05) than low feed intake mice but had significantly lower SC levels.

scholarly journals Effect of Birth Weight and Sex on Pre-Weaning Growth Rate of Piglets

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Škorjanc ◽  
M. Brus ◽  
M. Čandek Potokar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Weight Groups

Abstract. A study was conducted to find out the effect of birth weight and sex on growth rate of piglets in pre-weaning period. A total of 466 piglets from 48 litters of multiparous sows (Landrace) were involved in the experiment. Using a clustering approach piglets were assigned into three birth weight groups (Heavy (H), Intermediate (I), Light (L)). For the analysis of growth performance, pigs were weighed every 7 days until weaning at 28 days of age and average daily gain (ADG) was calculated. During lactation, body weight of L piglets was 5.5-fold increased, whereas the increase in I and H piglets were only 4.7-fold and 3.4-fold, respectively. Piglets of L group were significantly lighter at all studied ages compared to piglets of I and H group. The highest ADG was noted in the second week for all three groups; thereafter it decreased in H and L piglets (24% and 17%, respectively). The average birth weight of piglets was positively and significantly correlated with body weight at days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Sex did not affect significantly the ADG of the investigated animals during the four weeks of lactation. The present results indicate that neither milk production after the second week of lactation nor consumption of creep feed are sufficient enough to cover nutrition needs of fast growing piglets. There’s still a lack of optimization of nutrition in pre-weaning period especially for heavier piglets with their higher growth potential.

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