SELECTION FOR SERUM CHOLESTEROL, VOLUNTARY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, 56-DAY BODY WEIGHT AND FEED INTAKE IN RANDOMBRED MICE. II. CORRELATED RESPONSES

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Dunnington ◽  
J. M. White ◽  
W. E. Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
High Weight ◽  
Control Line ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Voluntary Physical Activity ◽  
High Feed

Randomly bred ICR mice were selected for five generations for high and low serum cholesterol (SC), voluntary physical activity, 56-day body weight and feed intake. An unselected, randomly bred control line was maintained with each pair of selection lines. Significant increases in mature body weight occurred in males of high weight and high intake lines and in females of high SC, high weight and high intake lines. Significant decreases in mature body weights occurred in males of low weight line and in females of low SC and low weight lines. Both high and low selected SC lines had greater (P<0.05) activity scores and consumed more feed than the SC control. Mice selected for high activity consumed more (P<0.05) feed than mice selected for low activity. Mice selected for high 56-day body weight consumed more (P<0.05) feed and had higher SC than mice selected for low 56-day body weight. Mice selected for high feed intake were heavier (P<0.05) and more active (P<0.05) than low feed intake mice but had significantly lower SC levels.

SELECTION FOR SERUM CHOLESTEROL, VOLUNTARY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, 56-DAY BODY WEIGHT AND FEED INTAKE IN RANDOMBRED MICE. I. DIRECT RESPONSES

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Dunnington ◽  
J. M. White ◽  
W. E. Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Generation Means ◽  
Voluntary Physical Activity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Line Generation

A five-generation selection experiment was conducted with randomly bred ICR mice. Lines were developed for high (CH) and low (CL) serum cholesterol (SC), voluntary physical activity (lines AH and AL), 56-day body weight (lines WH and WL), and feed intake (lines IH and IL). An unselected randomly bred control line was maintained with each pair of selection lines (CC, AC, WC and IC, respectively). Selection was based on individual performance in SC, activity and weight lines, and on within-sex, among full-sib family selection in intake lines. Genetic responses (selected line generation means deviated from control line generation means and regressed on generation number) were different from zero (P<0.05) in CH males and females, CL males, AH males and females, AL males, WH males and females, WL males and females, and IH females. Realized heritabilities which did not differ (P<0.05) between sexes were: 0.43±0.05 (line CH), 0.37±0.06 (line CL), 0.26±0.08 (line AH), 0.16±0.04 (line AL), 0.33±0.05 (line WH), 0.40±0.05 (line WL), 0.42±0.06 (line IH). In Line IL heritabilities of males and females differed (P<0.05) from each other (0.08±0.06 and 0.29±0.06, respectively).

SERUM CHOLESTEROL, ACTIVITY, FEED INTAKE, AND BODY WEIGHT IN LINES OF MICE SELECTED FOR GROWTH

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Dunnington ◽  
J. M. White ◽  
W. E. Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Voluntary Physical Activity ◽  
Main Effects

Feed intake, growth and serum cholesterol (SC) were recorded on 102 male mice, and voluntary physical activity and SC were recorded on 113 male mice from lines selected for maximum 21- to 42-day weight gain (H), for minimum 21- to 42-day weight gain (L), and from a random-bred unselected control line (C). Voluntary physical activity in a revolving wheel was recorded for a 22-h period every sixth day from 3 to 10 weeks of age. Growth and feed intake on two different diets (diet 1 containing 4.5% fat and 23.4% protein; diet 2 containing 11% fat and 17% protein) were measured three times per week and rate of weight gain was calculated on a weekly basis. Blood samples were obtained by sinus orbital bleeding at 5 and 10 weeks of age after six hours fasting and analyzed for SC by gas chromatography. A least squares analysis of variance of the SC data using a model including lines, diets, ages and all possible interactions indicated highly significant differences in the main effects and in most of the interactions. SC and growth were higher and feed intake was lower in mice on diet 2. SC values (mg/100 ml) were 143.3, 124.1 and 132.2 at 10 weeks of age for H, C and L line animals fed diet 1 and 220.3, 178.1 and 180.4 for animals fed diet 2. An analysis of variance in the activity data resulted in highly significant differences in the main effects (line and age) but revealed no significance in the interaction. Activity scores (revolutions) for the H, C and L lines were 79234, 107987 and 124409, respectively for eight 22-h periods. Activity reached maximum levels at 56 days of age, then declined slightly. Within line phenotypic correlations between SC and activity and between SC and feed intake were significant throughout ages of testing only in the high line.

scholarly journals Voluntary wheel running is effective on suppressing of obesity but not on blood pressure and insulin resistance in female rats fed with high fructose diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
P. Tayfur ◽  
K. Gökçe Tezel ◽  
Ö. Barutçu ◽  
S. Yılmaz ◽  
E. Ö. Özgür ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Voluntary Activity ◽  
Voluntary Physical Activity

A fructose-rich diet has been known to cause metabolic syndrome effects such as body weight gain, increased blood pressure, blood lipids and glucose levels. The role of voluntary physical activity in these alterations is not known clearly. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible improving effects of voluntary physical activity in rats that were feeding with a fructose-rich diet. Spraque-Dawley female rats were separated as control (C;n=7), voluntary physical activity (A;n=7), fructose (F;n=7) and fructose+activity (F+A;n=7) groups. A and FA groups were kept in cages with running wheels during six weeks. F and FA groups were fed with adding 20% fructose in drinking water. Body weight was measured weekly and Lee Index was used to determine obesity. At the end of the feeding period serum glucose, insulin and lipid levels were measured by enzymatic method and blood pressure was determined with the tail-cuff method. Daily voluntary walking distance in F+A and A groups were similar during six weeks. Fructose intake induced to increase systolic blood pressure (p=0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.002), glucose (p=0.041), insulin (p=0.001), cholesterol (p=0.001), triglyceride (p=0.001) and liver weight (p=0.035). The voluntary activity was found effective on the decrease of weight gain (p=0.018) however we did not observe a significant effect on blood pressure (p=0.917) and insulin resistance (p=0.565) following the fructose-rich diet. We conclude that voluntary activity has preventive effect on obesity but may not to be effective on increased blood pressure and insulin resistance in female rats which were feeding fructose-rich diet during six weeks.

SCALING EFFECTS AND THE INHERITANCE OF JUVENILE BODY WEIGHT IN CHICKENS

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 724-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. F. Carte ◽  
P. B. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Weight ◽  
Scaling Effects ◽  
High Line ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Selection For

Data are presented for 10 generations of selection for high and low body weight at 8 weeks of age. The response of males was greater than that of females in the high weight line, but not in the low weight line. The asymmetrical response of sexes in the high weight line was eliminated by adjustment for scaling effects. Although heritabilities were greater in the high line than in the low line, they were essentially equal for both sexes within a line.

Reproductive performance, growth rate and body composition of broiler breeder hens differing in body weight at 21 weeks of age

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1223-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Robinson ◽  
N. A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
High Weight ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Breeder Hens ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Broiler Breeder Hens ◽  
Medium Weight

The effects of variation in body weight at 21 weeks of age on subsequent growth rate, body composition and reproductive performance were studied in broiler breeder hens from 22 to 62 weeks of age. Pullets were sorted into three groups on the basis of body weight (low, medium and high) at 21 weeks of age. Pullets of the low-weight group contained a greater percentage of carcass water and less carcass fat at 22 weeks of age than did the medium- and high-weight pullets, and less carcass protein than the high-weight birds. The relative difference in body weight between the three groups of hens was maintained to 62 weeks of age, the high-weight hens being heavier than the low- and medium-weight hens at the end of the study. The low-weight birds began to lay later than the medium- and high-weight pullets. The low- and medium-weight birds were lighter in weight compared to the high-weight pullets at sexual maturity. Total egg output was lower in the low-weight hens than in the medium- and high-weight hens. No difference was seen in sequence and intersequence pause parameters or in fertility, embryo viability or embryo production between the three groups of hens. On a percentage basis, there were no differences in body composition between groups of birds at 62 weeks of age. It was concluded that pullets which are underweight at 21 weeks of age exhibit a poorer production record than do pen-mates which are of normal or greater than normal body weight. Key words: Broiler breeder hens, egg production, body weight, body composition, sequence length, fertility, embryo viability

Effects of level of feeding after mating on ‘fat’ and ‘thin’ sows

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 118-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Large White ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
High Feed

Pregnant sows in poor body condition require a high feed intake to restore body fat reserves. However, a high intake in the period following conception may increase embryo losses. The first objective of this experiment was to determine whether a high feed allowance after conception has any effect on litter size compared with a normal allowance. The second objective was to investigate the effects of body condition at conception and feed rate in early pregnancy on the components of maternal gain.Multiparous cross-bred sows of Large White and Landrace lineage were classified subjectively at farrowing according to body condition as either fat (F) or thin (T). A single diet containing 12.5 MJ DE/kg and 150 g CP/kg was fed throughout the experiment. The fat sows were fed more generously than the thin sows during the 28 day lactation with mean intakes of 5.3 and 4.8 kg/day. This was to maintain the differential in body condition between the two groups. After weaning all sows were fed 3 kg per day until mating. Within the fat and thin groups sows were allocated at random to either 4 or 2 kg of feed per day for 30 days after mating.

scholarly journals GENETIC PARAMETERS OF SERUM CHOLESTEROL LEVELS, ACTIVITY AND GROWTH IN MICE

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-668
Author(s):  
E A Dunnington ◽  
J M White ◽  
W E Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

ABSTRACT Heritabilities (h  2) of, and phenotypic and genetic correlations among, serum cholesterol (SC), levels of physical activity, growth, and body moisture content were estimated from data on 466 sire-son pairs of random-bred, ICR albino mice. Heritability estimates of SC and body moisture content were 0.31 ± 0.07 and 0.29 ± 0.11, respectively. Estimates of h  2 for activity measured by standard exercise wheels at 28, 49 and 70 days of age were 0.31 ± 0.17, 0.50 ± 0.11 and 0.27 ± 0.14 and for weight at 21, 44 and 67 days of age, were 0.11 ± 0.09, 0.33 ± 0.09 and 0.42 ± 0.08, respectively. The estimates of h  2 for weight gain ranged from 0.22 ± 0.07 to 0.27 ± 0.08. Significant negative phenotypic correlations occurred between activity and rate of body weight gain. A negative genetic correlation of -0.70 ± 0.11 between SC and body moisture implied that SC and percent body fat are positively correlated. Genetic correlations among SC values and activity scores and between SC values and body weight gains were near zero.

Level of alimentation and line of breeding on oxygen uptake by ovine jejunal mucosa

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (2) ◽  
pp. R398-R401
Author(s):  
R. E. Rompala ◽  
D. E. Johnson ◽  
W. V. Rumpler ◽  
H. W. Phetteplace ◽  
C. F. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Control Line ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Control

Targhee rams from a selected and control line of breeding were provided with the same diet at either 100 or 40% of ad libitum feed intake levels for 28 days. The rams were killed in a serial fashion over a 35-day period. A sample of the jejunum mucosa was taken, and O2 consumption rates with and without ouabain were measured. Total O2 consumption and ouabain-sensitive respiration rates of the jejunal mucosa taken from rams of the select line were greater than for samples taken from the control rams. Line of breeding did not influence the percent of the total O2 consumption that was ouabain sensitive and the proportion of the jejunum that was mucosa. Differences in rates of total and ouabain-sensitive O2 consumption attributed to level of feed intake were not detected as significant. Both the percentage of the total respiration rates that was ouabain sensitive and the proportion of the jejunum that was mucosa were greater for rams fed at high intake levels compared with rams fed at low intake levels. Thus both breeding sheep on the basis of improved growth potential and level of alimentation influenced aspects of jejunal mucosa respiration that was Na+-K+-adenosinetriphosphatase dependent.

scholarly journals Beziehungen zwischen Futteraufnahme, Seitenspeckdicke und ausgewählten Merkmalen der Aufzuchtleistung laktierender Sauen

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-648
Author(s):  
M. Wähner ◽  
H. Scholz ◽  
B. Kämmerer
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
High Intake ◽  
High Side ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Title of the paper: Relationship between feed intake, side fat thickness and special parameters of rearing Performance of lactating sows A total of 106 Camborough sows were used to study the relationship between feed intake, side fat thickness at the end of pregnancy, their change during lactation and special parameters of rearing Performance. Sows with a high side fat thickness at the end of pregnancy realised a lower feed intake during lactation (r = −0.206*) but a higher loss of side fat thickness (r = −0.499**) than sows with worse body condition. High feed intake during lactation stimulates a high number of weaned piglets (r = 0.299*) and the weight of weaned litter (r = 0.321*). The amount of feed intake in first week of lactation is most important for it. Generally, sows with a high predisposition for mobilisation of body fat and high intake of food during lactation realised the significant highest rearing Performance (r = 0.436***).

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