Esophageal Diameters in Children Correlated to Body Weight

Introduction The development of stenoses after correction of an esophageal atresia or acid and lye burn of the esophagus are well-known problems in pediatric surgery. Currently, stenoses are treated in the majority of cases by repeated balloon dilatations. The diameter of the balloons used is not standardized; standard curves do not exist. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diameter of the esophagus correlated to the body weight of the children as measured in upper gastrointestinal (GI) studies to answer the important question to what extent a stenosis should be dilated. Materials and Methods Within the time period from 2011 through 2016, 60 patients with upper GI studies were selected. Evaluations were blinded to two different examiners. The diameters were measured under maximum contrast filling between the second and third rib (cranial point of measurement) and between the seventh and eighth rib (caudal point of measurement). For both, the anteroposterior and lateral aspect was examined. The diameter was calculated as the arithmetic average of both measurements within one level. The diameters were correlated to the weight of the children. Results All children (n = 38) within the 3rd to 97th weight percentile were analyzed. Linear correlation and coefficients of 0.67 at the cranial point and 0.70 at the caudal point were found. Mean diameter at the cranial point of measurement was 6.75 mm at the lowest weight (2.6 kg) and 14 mm at 74 kg. Mean weight of these children (standard deviation [SD]) was 25.3 (18.8) kg and median age was 7 years. Within weight groups (0–10 kg; 10–20 kg; 20–35 kg; 35–50 kg; >50 kg), we calculated SD and two side tested critical 95% confidence interval for all measurements (n = 74). Conclusion Although the variation in measurements is considerable, this evaluation gives a reliable hint to which extent esophageal stenoses should be dilated in relation to the body weight. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation to evaluate the diameter of the esophagus in children in relation to the body weight.

Download Full-text

Fast Focus Ultrasound Liver Technique for the Assessment of Cystic Echinococcosis in Sheep

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020452 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 452 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Giuliano Borriello ◽

Jacopo Guccione ◽

Antonio Di Loria ◽

Antonio Bosco ◽

Paola Pepe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Focused Ultrasound ◽

Ultrasound Examination ◽

Focus Ultrasound ◽

The Body ◽

Weight Group ◽

Ultrasound Technique ◽

Female Sheep ◽

Weight Groups ◽

Diagnostic Outcomes

A complete ultrasound examination (cUS) of the liver was performed on 172 female sheep and compared to the performance of a fast-focused ultrasound technique to diagnose echinococcal cysts. The scanned area was divided in: HYP (right hypocondrium), zone (Z)1 from HYP to the 11th intercostal space (IS), Z2 (10th–8th IS) and Z3 (7th–5th IS). Contiguous scans were also examined (HYP + Z1, Z1 + Z2, Z2 + Z3). Furthermore, during the procedures, the sheep were divided into three groups according to the body weight: Group (G) 1 (lighter), G2 (medium), and G3 (heavier). Finally, diagnostic outcomes were compared with necropsy findings. cUS obtained the highest values of sensitivity (Se) (91%), Specificity (Sp) (80%), and positive-zones (124/138, 90%), as compared to the other scans. cUS was also characterized by high values of Se and Sp and was able to identify a great number of positive-zones, when sheep were divided by body-weight groups. Similar performances were obtained in G1 by HYP (Se: 91%–Sp: 82%; 18/20, 90% of positive-zones) and HYP + Z1 scans (Se: 91%–Sp: 82; 90% of positive-zones, 18/20). Thus, in lighter breeds, the examination of HYP and HYP + Z1 scan windows could be considered reliable techniques for identifying the infected animals, while in heavier sheep the cUS still represents the best option.

Download Full-text

Abstract 1129: Obesity-related Elevations in Soluble P-selectin are Derived From Endothelium and Dependent on Expression of Leukocyte P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.116.suppl_16.ii_227-b ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽

Author(s):

Kevin J Wickenheiser ◽

Peter F Bodary ◽

Kristina Bahrou ◽

Daniel T Eitzman

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Body Weight ◽

Leptin Receptor ◽

The Body ◽

Wild Type ◽

Post Transplant ◽

Time Period ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Soluble P ◽

Deficient Mice

Background : Obesity is associated with proinflammatory changes and an increased risk for vascular disease complications. The tissue source and mechanism by which soluble P-selectin (sPsel) is generated in obesity are unclear. Methods and Results : Soluble p-selectin (sPsel) levels were measured in the circulation from lean wild type and obese leptin receptor deficient mice (LepR−/−) at 4 and 10 weeks of age. In wild-type mice body weight increases from 13+/−2 to 20+/−3 grams over this time period while the body weight increases from 15+/−2 to 38+/−5 grams in LepR−/− mice. At 4 weeks of age sPsel levels were 103+/−8mg/mL in wild-type mice vs. 138+/−9 ng/mL in LepR−/− mice, p=0.048. By 10 wks of age sPsel increased to 112 +/− 2 in wild-type mice and 182 +/− 9 in LepR−/− mice, p=0.00005. In order to determine if the obesity-induced rise in sPsel is regulated by leukocyte Psgl-1, bone marrow transplantation was performed from Psgl+/+ or Psgl−/− donors into irradiated LepR−/−recipients. At 4 weeks post-transplant, sPsel levels were 166 +/−6 ng/mL in LepR−/− mice receiving Psgl+/+ marrow and 45 +/− 4 ng/mL in LepR−/− mice receiving Psgl−/− marrow, p=0.0000004. In order to determine if the sPsel in LepR−/− mice originated from the endothelium versus platelets, we transplanted Psel−/− bone marrow into irradiated LepR−/−mice. At 4 weeks post transplant, sPsel levels were 153 +/−3 ng/mL in LepR−/− mice receiving Psel−/− bone marrow and were not significantly different from LepR−/− mice receiving Psel+/+ bone marrow (166 +/−6 ng/mL, p=0.06). By 10 weeks post transplant, mice gained even more weight and levels were 377+/−51 ng/mL in LepR−/− mice receiving Psel+/+ bone marrow and 370+/−73 ng/mL in LepR−/− mice receiving Psel−/− bone marrow, p=0.87. Conclusions : These data suggest that the increase in sPsel observed in obesity is primarily derived from the endothelium and that this process is regulated by leukocyte Psgl-1.

Download Full-text

Biological efficiency of Charolais beef cows of different body sizes

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n4p1737 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 1737

Author(s):

Gustavo Duarte Farias ◽

Liliane Cerdótes ◽

Ricardo Zambarda Vaz ◽

João Restle ◽

Marcia Ferreira Bitencourt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Reproductive Period ◽

Productive Efficiency ◽

The Body ◽

Biological Efficiency ◽

Average Weight ◽

Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽

Cow Calf ◽

Weight Groups

This study aimed to evaluate the production, reproductive performance, and productive efficiency of predominantly Charolais cows and their calves (Straightbred, ¾ C, ¼ N) according to body size at calving. Sixty-three cow-calf pairs were used and classified into three weight groups: Light (331.3±5.8 kg), Moderate (385.9±5.3 kg), and Heavy (424.4±6.2 kg). The classes were formed using half standard deviations above or below the average weight of the cows at calving. For each pair, the body weight was evaluated at calving, at weaning (63 days), at the beginning and at end of the reproductive period, and at 9 months for the calves. Pregnancy rates were similar (P > 0.05) between weight groups. The calves did not differ (P > 0.05) in terms of body weight and weight gain from calving until pregnancy diagnosis (210 days). The heavy cows had greater weight variations from 210 days to 270 days than the light cows. The calf production rate (kg calf/cow kept in herds) did not differ between weight groups. However, in relation to the weight of the cows at 210 days, light cows were 11.28% and 13.02% more productive (P < 0.05), than moderate and heavy cows, respectively. Light cows were more efficient than the other classes of cows at calving and at 210 days old. Our simulations showed that there were more kilograms for sale in herds of light cows (53.085 kg) than moderate and heavy cows (52.310 and 52.870 kg, respectively), while maintaining the structures of the herd constant. The size of the Charolais cow did not influence the weight of calves from calving until 7 months of age or their reproductive performance provided they were weaned early. The need for space for the maintenance of the cow-calf pair increased as the weight of the cows increased. In herds with smaller cows, higher numbers and a higher production of weight for sale are observed than in herds with moderate and heavy cows. Light cows were the most efficient at calving and during pregnancy diagnosis at 210 days.

Download Full-text

The influence of pediatric tracheostomy on the body weight percentile of children

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.10.011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 91 ◽

pp. 49-54

Author(s):

Shereen Yankasari ◽

Yoon Se Lee ◽

Won Kyung Chang ◽

Hyun Moon ◽

Jiwon Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

The Body ◽

Weight Percentile

Download Full-text

Three year experience of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic procedures at a tertiary care hospital of South Punjab

10.53350/pjmhs2115113064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 3064-3065

Author(s):

F Mohyud Din Ch. ◽

M. Asif Gul ◽

Rizwan Hameed ◽

Muhammad Ilyas ◽

Muhammad Zubair ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Common Finding ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Endoscopic Procedures ◽

Upper Gi ◽

Time Period ◽

Keywords Endoscopy ◽

Upper Gi Endoscopy ◽

Complications Of Cirrhosis ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal

Introduction: Endoscopy has become a necessity in diagnosing gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. The objective of our study was to evaluate the different indications and findings of upper GI endoscopy. Methods: This retrospective analysis was undertaken at department of Gastroenterology, Nishtar Hospital Multan. Records of all upper GI endoscopic procedures from 1st January 2018 till 31st December 2020 were evaluated. Results: A total 3299 upper GI endoscopic procedures were perfumed during the three-year time period. Mean age was 47 years. Majority of patients were males. Almost 48% of patients belonged to the middle-aged group. The most common indication was upper GI bleeding (57%), followed by dyspepsia (15%). The most common finding was esophageal varices (43%), followed by portal gastropathy (26%) and gastritis (16%). Conclusion: This study concludes that the majority of endoscopies are being undertaken as a result of complications of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Keywords: Endoscopy, audit, indications, findings

Download Full-text

Three year experience of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic procedures at a tertiary care hospital of South Punjab

10.1101/2021.11.11.21266215 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Farooq Mohyud Din Chaudhary ◽

Muhammad Asif Gul ◽

Rizwan Hameed ◽

Muhammad Ilyas ◽

Muhammad Zubair ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Common Finding ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Endoscopic Procedures ◽

Upper Gi ◽

Time Period ◽

Upper Gi Endoscopy ◽

Complications Of Cirrhosis ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal

Download Full-text

The Role of the Small Bowel in Unintentional Weight Loss after Treatment of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8070942 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 942 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dehestani ◽

le Roux

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Small Bowel ◽

Cancer Cachexia ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Unintentional Weight Loss ◽

Upper Gi ◽

Gi Cancers ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are responsible for significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. To date, most of the studies focused on the treatments’ efficacy and post-treatment survival rate. As treatments improve, more patients survive long term, and thus the accompanying complications including unintentional weight loss are becoming more important. Unintentional weight loss is defined as >5% of body weight loss within 6–12 months. Malignancies, particularly GI cancers, are diagnosed in approximately 25% of patients who present with unintentional weight loss. Whereas some recent studies discuss pathophysiological mechanisms and new promising therapies of cancer cachexia, there is a lack of studies regarding the underlying mechanism of unintentional weight loss in patients who are tumor free and where cancer cachexia has been excluded. The small bowel is a central hub in metabolic regulation, energy homeostasis, and body weight control throughout the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In this narrative review article, the authors discussed the impacts of upper GI cancers’ treatment modalities on the small bowel which may lead to unintentional weight loss and some new promising therapeutic agents to treat unintentional weight loss in long term survivors after upper GI operations with curative intent.

Download Full-text

Genauigkeit der Dualenergie-Röntgenabsorptiometrie (DXA) zur Ermittlung der Körperzusammensetzung von Schweinen <i>in vivo</i>

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-49-462-2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 462-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. M. Scholz ◽

M. Förster

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

The Body ◽

Whole Body ◽

Lean Meat ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii ◽

Weight Groups

Abstract. Title of the paper: Accuracy of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the determination of the body composition of pigs in vivo New methods for the measurement of the body composition in vivo (or post mortem) like DXA need to be evaluated before routine use in livestock research or performance testing. Two body weight groups of pigs I) 30–50 kg (n=61) and II) 70–90 kg (n=62) were studied in this analysis. The whole bodies of the pigs were analyzed by a GE Lunar DPX-IQ scanner in vivo for the amount and percentage of fat, lean tissue, bone mineral, and the bone mineral density as well. Three days later, pigs were slaughtered and after a 24 h cooling period, the reference parts (shoulder, loin, side, and ham) of the left carcass half were dissected into lean meat, fat, bone, tendons, connective tissue and skin according to the EU reference method. Generally, DXA variables explained a high proportion of variation (R²>0.8; √MSE=70–784 g) in the tissue masses of the reference parts (fat, muscle, bone) in both weight groups. The fat percentage of the reference parts and the DXA whole body results (in vivo) showed a very high relationship with a maximum R²=0.82 (√MSE=1.47%) for group II. Slightly lower was the relationship between the lean meat content (%) of the reference parts and DXA results in vivo (R2=0.72; √MSE=1.75) for group II. The bone percentage was predicted with R²=0.3 (√MSE=0.64), caused by the very different analysis methods. Generally, DXA is a suitable method for growth studies in the above body weight range. In order to predict the percentage of muscle (lean meat) or fat tissue accurately by DXA, pigs should weigh >50 kg, since the soft tissue percentages of group I resulted in R²≤0.38 (√MSE≤2.55).

Download Full-text

A REVIEW OF TWAK SHARIR W. S. R. TO PADADARI

National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science ◽

10.52482/ayurlog.v7i4.388 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Mohan Yende ◽

Jayashree S Gohane ◽

Thosar Sheetal Laxman

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

External Surface ◽

External Auditory Meatus ◽

The Body ◽

Whole Body ◽

Lateral Aspect ◽

Total Body Mass ◽

Research Article ◽

Total Body ◽

Soil And Water

Padadari is one of the commonest & most negligible disease. It is observed that people are least bothered about their feet though feet bear the whole body weight. In India 80% of population live in rural area. Most of them work in farms in wet soil and water also. So incidence of cracking the skin of the foot is very common. For management of Padadari knowledge of skin is very important. The skin covers the entire external surface of the body, including the external auditory meatus, the lateral aspect of tympanic membrane and vestibule of the nose. Skin forms about 8% of the total body mass. It is one of the largest organs of the body in surface area and weight. In adult, the skin covers an area about 2 square meters and weighs 4.5-5 kg. Its thickness is 0.5-4mm, depending on location, maturation and ageing. All of Acharyas explain briefly about Twak Sharir , in this research article we try to focus on Twak Sharir. Key Words- Padadari, Twaka, crack heel,

Download Full-text

Effect of body weights of day-old Muscovy ducklings on growths and carcass traits

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-50-204-2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 204-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Kleczek ◽

E. Wilkiewicz-Wawro ◽

K. Wawro ◽

W. Makowski

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

The Body ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Simple Correlation ◽

Body Weights ◽

Males And Females ◽

Muscovy Ducks ◽

Weight Groups ◽

Light Medium

Abstract. The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of the body weights of day-old Muscovy ducklings on some slaughter value traits of females aged ten weeks and males aged twelve weeks. The relationships between the body weights of day-old ducklings, daily gains and slaughter value of grown-up ducks were also analyzed. The experimental materials comprised 96 White Muscovy ducklings (46 ♂ and 50 ♀). Males and females were reared separately, to twelve and ten weeks of age respectively. At the completion of the rearing period the birds were fasted for 12 hours and sacrificed. The carcasses were chilled, weighed and subjected to a detailed dissection. Before statistical calculations were carried out, males and females were divided into five weight groups, depending on their body weights on the first day following hatching. At the end of the experiment it was found that the grown-up ducks once classified as light, medium-heavy and heavy ducklings did not differ significantly in terms of body weight, mean daily gains, carcass weight, as well as the weight and percentage of particular tissue components in a carcass. Low and statistically non-significant values of the coefficients of simple correlation and regression suggest a lack of interdependences between the body weights of day-old ducklings and the slaughter value parameters of adult Muscovy ducks. The only exception was the carcass dressing percentage of males, which was found to be significantly negatively correlated with their body weights on the first day of life.

Download Full-text