scholarly journals Identification of the Yield Traits Related Haplotype Combinations of Transcription Factor Genes TaHDZ34 in Common Wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Yu ◽  
Xiaolong Wang ◽  
Hongwei Zhou ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Fan Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes

Abstract Improvement of yield-traits is one of the predominating objectives in wheat breeding. Homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) transcription factor plays significant roles in plant growth and development. The TaHDZ34 (A, B and D sub-genomics) genes consisting of three members of the HD-ZIP IV transcription factor gene subfamily in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were cloned. Two haplotypes of TaHDZ34-7A, TaHDZ34-7B or TaHDZ34-7D were respectively identified after the sequence polymorphism analysis, and three functional molecular markers were developed. The TaHDZ34 genes were divided into eight haplotype combinations. Association analysis and distinct population validation jointly indicated that TaHDZ34 had the function of modulating grain number per spike, effective spikelet number per spike, 1,000 kernel weight, and flag leaf area per plant in wheat. Among all haplotype combinations of TaHDZ34, Hap-ABD was the most excellent one. Subcelluar localization showed that TaHDZ34-7A was localized in the nucleus. Interaction proteins of TaHDZ34-7A protein proved to be involved in protein synthesis/degradation, energy production and transportation, and photosynthesis processes. Geographic distribution and frequencies of TaHDZ34 haplotype combinations suggested that the Hap-Abd and Hap-AbD were preferential selection in Chinese wheat breeding programs. The high-yield related haplotype combinations Hap-ABD of TaHDZ34 provided beneficial genetic resources for marker-assisted selection of new wheat cultivars.

scholarly journals Soil drying and rewatering applied at three grain developmental stages affect differentially growth and grain protein deposition in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Beltrano ◽  
Marta Guillermina Ronco ◽  
María Cecilia Arango
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Ripe Stage

Water deficits cause large yield losses in wheat. Although anthesis is generally considered the most vulnerable period, water deficit during grain filling can also cause yield losses. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of water stress and rewatering, at three different grain developmental stages, on physiological and grain filling parameters and on yield components. Wheat plants were subjected to water deficit and rewatering at the watery ripe, milk and soft dough stages. In the flag leaf, water stress decreased the relative water content, the chlorophyll and protein content and increased the leakage of solutes, at all three studied grain filling stages. Water stress at the watery ripe and milk stages reduced the final grain dry mass by 47 % and 20 %, respectively. This reduction was due to a decrease in the grain filling period and to a significant reduction in the maximum rate of grain-fill. Water stress imposed at the watery ripe stage reduced not only the linear growth phase but also its slope; grain number per spike and the 1000-kernel weight were also significantly reduced. SDS-PAGE patterns of grain proteins at the watery ripe stage did not differ between the controls, stressed or rewatered treatments. Protein patterns at the milk stage changed substantially with water stress, mainly for the high molecular weight glutenin subunits and gliadins. Three new bands were observed with apparent molecular weights of 108.5 kDa, 84.8 kDa and 63 kDa. Rewatering reverted water stress effects when it was imposed at the milk stage. Water deficit at the soft dough stage did not have any effect on protein grain patterns.

scholarly journals Metallothionein and bZIP Transcription Factor Genes from Velvetleaf and Their Differential Expression Following Colletotrichum coccodes Infection

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 1116-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélie L. Dauch ◽  
Suha H. Jabaji-Hare
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Bzip Transcription Factor ◽  
Colletotrichum Coccodes ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes ◽  
Pathogen Attack ◽  
Fungal Genes ◽  
Type 3

Colletotrichum coccodes is a biocontrol agent of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), a noxious weed of corn and soybean. Metallothioneins (MTs) and basic region/leucine zipper motif (bZIP) are heavy-metal-binding proteins and transcription factors, respectively, that have been related to several plant processes, including the responses of plants to pathogen attack. Previous investigation of the determinants involved in the velvet-leaf-C. coccodes interaction had shed light on particular plant and fungal genes expressed in this pathosystem. Here, we report on the temporal expression patterns of two distinct types (2 and 3) of MT and bZIP transcription factor genes in velvetleaf leaves following infection with C. coccodes using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Gene expression ratios were significantly upregulated 1 day after infection (DAI), a time at which velvetleaf leaves appeared symptomless. At 2 DAI, bZIP and type 3 MT expression ratios dropped to levels significantly lower than those estimated for noninfected plants. Necrotic symptoms appeared 5 DAI and increased with time, during which gene expression levels were maintained either below or at levels observed in the control. These findings indicate that C. coccodes altered the expression of type 2 and 3 MT and bZIP genes. In addition, this is the first report on induction of a type 3 MT in plants in response to a pathogen attack.

scholarly journals Sucrose-induced translational repression of plant bZIP-type transcription factors

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wiese ◽  
N. Elzinga ◽  
B. Wobbes ◽  
S. Smeekens
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Upstream Open Reading Frame ◽  
Bzip Transcription Factor ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes ◽  
Plant Genes

Sugars as signalling molecules exert control on the transcription of many plant genes. Sugar signals also alter mRNA and protein stability. Increased sucrose concentrations specifically repress translation of the S-class basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) type transcription factor AtbZIP11/ATB2. This sucrose-induced repression of translation (SIRT) depends on translation of a highly conserved upstream open reading frame (uORF) in the 5′ UTR of the gene. This conserved uORF is exclusively encoded in 5′ UTRs of several plant S-class bZIP transcription factors. Arabidopsis homologues of ATB2/AtbZIP11, which harbour the conserved uORF, also show SIRT. Therefore, SIRT emerges as a general sucrose translational control mechanism of a group of transcription factors. SIRT might be part of a sucrose-specific signalling pathway, controlling expression of plant bZIP transcription factor genes.

scholarly journals Curled Flag Leaf 2, Encoding a Cytochrome P450 Protein, Regulated by the Transcription Factor Roc5, Influences Flag Leaf Development in Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhu ◽  
Xiaowen Wang ◽  
Zhu Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Differential Abundance ◽  
Cell Wall Development ◽  
Leaf Mutant ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Protein

Moderate curling generally causes upright leaf blades, which favors the establishment of ideal plant architecture and increases the photosynthetic efficiency of the population, both of which are desirable traits for super hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, we identified a novel curled-leaf mutant, curled flag leaf 2 (cfl2), which shows specific curling at the base of the flag leaf owing to abnormal epidermal development, caused by enlarged bulliform cells and increased number of papillae with the disordered distribution. Map-based cloning reveals that CFL2 encodes a cytochrome P450 protein and corresponds to the previously reported OsCYP96B4. CFL2 was expressed in all analyzed tissues with differential abundance and was downregulated in the clf1 mutant [a mutant harbors a mutation in the homeodomain leucine zipper IV (HD-ZIP IV) transcription factor Roc5]. Yeast one-hybrid and transient expression assays confirm that Roc5 could directly bind to the cis-element L1 box in the promoter of CFL2 before activating CFL2 expression. RNA sequencing reveals that genes associated with cellulose biosynthesis and cell wall-related processes were significantly upregulated in the cfl2 mutant. The components of cell wall, such as lignin, cellulose, and some kinds of monosaccharide, were altered dramatically in the cfl2 mutant when compared with wild-type “Jinhui10” (WT). Taken together, CFL2, as a target gene of Roc5, plays an important role in the regulation of flag leaf shape by influencing epidermis and cell wall development.

scholarly journals Unleashing floret fertility by a mutated homeobox gene improved grain yield during wheat evolution under domestication

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Sakuma ◽  
Guy Golan ◽  
Zifeng Guo ◽  
Taiichi Ogawa ◽  
Akemi Tagiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Gene Duplication ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Wheat Evolution ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Cereal Grain

AbstractFloret fertility is a key trait to determine the number of grains per inflorescence in cereals. During wheat (Triticum sp.) evolution, floret fertility has been increased and current bread wheat (T. aestivum L.) produces three to five grains per spikelet; however, little is known about the genetic basis controlling floret fertility. Here we identify the quantitative trait locus Grain Number Increase 1 (GNI1), encoding a homeodomain leucine zipper class I (HD-Zip I) transcription factor. GNI1 evolved in the Triticeae through gene duplication and functionalization. GNI1 was predominantly expressed in the most apical floret primordia and parts of the rachilla, suggesting that GNI1 inhibits rachilla growth and development. GNI1 expression decreased during wheat evolution, and as a consequence, more fertile florets and grains per spikelet are being produced. Genetic analysis revealed that the reduced-function allele of GNI1-A contributes to increase the number of fertile florets per spikelet. The knockdown of GNI1 in transgenic hexaploid wheat improved fertile floret and grain number. Furthermore, wheat plants carrying the impaired allele increased grain yield under field conditions. Our findings illuminate that gene duplication and functionalization generated evolutionary novelty for floret fertility (i.e. reducing floral numbers) while the mutations towards increased grain production were under selection during wheat evolution under domestication. Significance StatementGrain number is a fundamental trait for cereal grain yield; but its underlying genetic basis is mainly unknown in wheat. Here we show for the first time a direct link between increased floret fertility, higher grain number per spike and higher plot-yields of wheat in the field. We have identified GNI1 gene encoding an HD-Zip I transcription factor responsible for increased floret fertility. The wild type allele imposes an inhibitory role specifically during rachilla development, indicating that expression of this protein actively shuts-down grain yield potential; whereas, the reduced-function allele enables more florets and grains to be produced. GNI1 evolved through gene duplication in Triticeae and its mutations were under parallel human selection during wheat and barley evolution under domestication.

Altered Expression of Transcription Factor Genes in Rice Flag Leaf under Low Nitrogen Stress

Rice Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-hui ZHAO ◽  
Wen-zhong ZHANG ◽  
Dian-rong MA ◽  
Zheng-jin XU ◽  
Jia-yu WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes ◽  
Low Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Low Nitrogen

scholarly journals Basic Leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor genes and their response to drought stress in ginseng, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjie Li ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Qi Zhao ◽  
Yilai Han ◽  
Chunyu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Bzip Transcription Factor ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
Basic Leucine Zipper ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes ◽  
Alternatively Spliced

Abstract Background: As a famous and important medicinal herb in the world, ginseng contains numerous bioactive components that are remarkable for mankind's health. The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor genes play important roles in many biological processes and plant response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Nevertheless, these genes remain unknown in ginseng. Results: Here, we report 91 bZIP genes, designated as PgbZIP genes, identified from ginseng. These PgbZIP genes were alternatively spliced into 273 transcripts. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the PgbZIP genes into ten groups, including A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and S. Gene Ontology (GO) categorized the PgbZIP genes into a number of functional categories, suggesting that they have substantially diversified in functionality, even though their putative proteins share a number of conserved motifs. These 273 PgbZIP transcripts expressed quite differentially across 14 different tissues, the roots of different aged, and the roots of different cultivars. However, the expression of these transcripts was coordinated as they formed a co-expression network. Furthermore, we studied their response to drought stress in ginseng using five representatives of the PgbZIP genes, including PgbZIP25 , PgbZIP38 , PgbZIP39 , PgbZIP53 and PgbZIP54 . The results showed that these PgbZIP genes all responded to drought stress in ginseng, but the magnitudes of their response to drought stress varied. Conclusions: These results provide knowledge and resources for deeper functional analysis of PgbZIP genes and molecular tools for enhanced drought tolerance breeding in ginseng.

scholarly journals Identifying Transcription Factor Genes Associated with Yield Traits in Chickpea

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 562-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philanim Wungmarong Shimray ◽  
Deepak Bajaj ◽  
Rishi Srivastava ◽  
Anurag Daware ◽  
Hari D. Upadhyaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes

scholarly journals Increasing The Grain Yield And Grain Protein Content of Common Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) By Introducing Missense Mutations In The Q Gene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Chen ◽  
Zhenru Guo ◽  
Xiaoli Shi ◽  
Meiqiao Wei ◽  
Yazhen Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Sequence Encoding

Abstract Grain yield (GY) and grain protein content (GPC) are important traits for wheat breeding and production; however, they are usually negatively correlated. The Q gene is the most important domestication gene in cultivated wheat because it influences many traits, including GY and GPC. Additionally, Qc1 is an overexpressed Q allele containing a missense mutation in the microRNA172-binding site. The common wheat (Triticum aestivum) mutant S-Cp1-1, which carries Qc1, has a very high GPC and some unfavorable characteristics, including dwarfism and compact spikes, which decrease the GY. We previously suggested that missense mutations in the sequences encoding the AP2 domains of Qc1 can be exploited to enhance the agronomic performance of wheat. In this study, we characterized two new Q alleles (Qs1 and Qc1-N8). Compared with the wild-type Q allele, Qs1 contains a missense mutation in the sequence encoding the first AP2 domain, whereas Qc1-N8 has two missense mutations, one in the sequence encoding the second AP2 domain and the other in the microRNA172-binding site. The Qs1 allele did not significantly affect the GPC or other processing quality parameters, but it adversely affected the GY by decreasing the thousand kernel weight and grain number per spike. In contrast, Qc1-N8 positively affected the GPC and GY by increasing the thousand kernel weight and grain number per spike, thereby reversing the unfavorable agronomic characteristics resulting from Qc1. Thus, we generated a novel germplasm relevant for wheat breeding. Furthermore, our findings provide new information useful for enhancing cereal crops via non-transgenic approaches.

scholarly journals Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor genes and their responses to drought stress in ginseng, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjie Li ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Qi Zhao ◽  
Yilai Han ◽  
Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Bzip Transcription Factor ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Basic Leucine Zipper ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes ◽  
Alternatively Spliced

Abstract Background Ginseng is an important medicinal herb in Asia and Northern America. The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor genes play important roles in many biological processes and plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, such as drought stress. Nevertheless, the genes remain unknown in ginseng. Results Here, we report 91 bZIP genes identified from ginseng, designated PgbZIP genes. These PgbZIP genes were alternatively spliced into 273 transcripts. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the PgbZIP genes into ten groups, including A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and S. Gene Ontology (GO) categorized the PgbZIP genes into five functional subcategories, suggesting that they have diversified in functionality, even though their putative proteins share a number of conserved motifs. These 273 PgbZIP transcripts expressed differentially across 14 tissues, the roots of different ages and the roots of different genotypes. However, the transcripts of the genes expressed coordinately and were more likely to form a co-expression network. Furthermore, we studied the responses of the PgbZIP genes to drought stress in ginseng using a random selection of five PgbZIP genes, including PgbZIP25, PgbZIP38, PgbZIP39, PgbZIP53 and PgbZIP54. The results showed that all five PgbZIP genes responded to drought stress in ginseng, indicating that the PgbZIP genes play important roles in ginseng responses to drought stress. Conclusions These results provide knowledge and gene resources for deeper functional analysis of the PgbZIP genes and molecular tools for enhanced drought tolerance breeding in ginseng.

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