scholarly journals Neuroprotective Effects of a Combined Therapy With Memantine, Donepezil and Vitamin D in Ovariectomized Female Mice Subjected to Dementia Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Daniela Coutinho Vieira ◽  
Eduarda Behenck Medeiros ◽  
Gabriel Casagrande Zabot ◽  
Nathalia de Souza Pereira ◽  
Natália Baltazar do Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Gfap Immunoreactivity ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Triple Treatment ◽  
Inflammation Parameters

Abstract The postmenopausal period is characterized by a decrease in the hormonal supply which is associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Vitamin D is neuroprotective and can be used in combination with pre-existing medications to improve its effects. The objective was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D associated with memantine and donepezil in female mice submitted to ovariectomy (OVX) for 5 months and subjected to an AD-induced dementia model. Animals were divided into 5 groups who received 17 days of treatment and were subjected to behavioral tests. The animals underwent euthanasia at 18th day. OVX groups exhibit reduced levels of E2 and triple treatment group had high levels of vitamin D. The induction of dementia with OVX induced short- and long-term spatial and habituation memories damage. Also, induced reduction of BDNF and IL-4 levels in hippocampus, and increasing levels of TNFα in hippocampus and of IL-1β in hippocampus and frontal cortex of animals, as well as a significant increase on GFAP immunoreactivity. Triple-association treatment reversed the effects of long-term spatial and habituation memories damage, as well as reversed changes in TNFα, IL-1β, IL-4 and GFAP immunoreactivity levels in hippocampus of treated animals. Therapeutic association has beneficial effects on memory and inflammation parameters in female mice subjected to OVX and the AD animal model of dementia.

scholarly journals Long-Term Caloric Restriction Attenuates β-Amyloid Neuropathology and Is Accompanied by Autophagy in APPswe/PS1delta9 Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Luisa Müller ◽  
Nicole Power Guerra ◽  
Jan Stenzel ◽  
Claire Rühlmann ◽  
Tobias Lindner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Amyloid Aβ ◽  
Β Amyloid

Caloric restriction (CR) slows the aging process, extends lifespan, and exerts neuroprotective effects. It is widely accepted that CR attenuates β-amyloid (Aβ) neuropathology in models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by so-far unknown mechanisms. One promising process induced by CR is autophagy, which is known to degrade aggregated proteins such as amyloids. In addition, autophagy positively regulates glucose uptake and may improve cerebral hypometabolism—a hallmark of AD—and, consequently, neural activity. To evaluate this hypothesis, APPswe/PS1delta9 (tg) mice and their littermates (wild-type, wt) underwent CR for either 16 or 68 weeks. Whereas short-term CR for 16 weeks revealed no noteworthy changes of AD phenotype in tg mice, long-term CR for 68 weeks showed beneficial effects. Thus, cerebral glucose metabolism and neuronal integrity were markedly increased upon 68 weeks CR in tg mice, indicated by an elevated hippocampal fluorodeoxyglucose [18F] ([18F]FDG) uptake and increased N-acetylaspartate-to-creatine ratio using positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PET/CT) imaging and magnet resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Improved neuronal activity and integrity resulted in a better cognitive performance within the Morris Water Maze. Moreover, CR for 68 weeks caused a significant increase of LC3BII and p62 protein expression, showing enhanced autophagy. Additionally, a significant decrease of Aβ plaques in tg mice in the hippocampus was observed, accompanied by reduced microgliosis as indicated by significantly decreased numbers of iba1-positive cells. In summary, long-term CR revealed an overall neuroprotective effect in tg mice. Further, this study shows, for the first time, that CR-induced autophagy in tg mice accompanies the observed attenuation of Aβ pathology.

scholarly journals Short- and Long-Term Outcome of Patients with Pseudo-Vitamin D Deficiency Rickets Treated with Calcitriol

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Edouard ◽  
N. Alos ◽  
G. Chabot ◽  
P. Roughley ◽  
F. H. Glorieux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Deficiency Rickets

scholarly journals Knowing Your Beans in Parkinson’s Disease: A Critical Assessment of Current Knowledge about Different Beans and Their Compounds in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease and in Animal Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Rijntjes
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Natural Therapy ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients

This review contains a critical appraisal of current knowledge about the use of beans in both animal models and patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The potential beneficial effects of beans in PD are increasingly being touted, not only in scientific journals but also by the lay media. While there is a long tradition in Ayurvedic medicine of prescribing extracts from Mucuna pruriens (MP), whose seeds contain 5% L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanin (L-DOPA), many other beans also contain L-DOPA (broad beans, common beans, and soybeans) or have other ingredients (coffee and cocoa) that may benefit PD patients. Indeed, bean-derived compounds can elicit neuroprotective effects in animal models of PD, while several studies in human PD patients have shown that motor performance can improve after ingestion of bean extracts. However, there are several arguments countering the view that beans serve as a natural therapy for PD: (i) the results from animal PD models are not necessarily directly applicable to humans; (ii) beans have many bioactive ingredients, some of which can be harmful in large doses; (iii) studies in human PD patients are scarce and only report on the effects of single doses or the administration of bean extract over short periods of time; and (iv) no data on long-term efficacy or side effects of bean therapy are available. Therefore, reservations about the use of beans as a “natural” therapy for PD seem to be justified.

Short- and long-term results after surgical treatment of an ununited anconeal process in the dog

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Felir ◽  
I. Molte ◽  
A. Meyer-Lindenberg
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Proximal Ulna ◽  
Post Operation ◽  
Short And Long Term

SummaryIn a prospective trial over seven years (1993-1999), 44 joints from 41 dogs with an ununited anconeal process are reported. The average age of the animals was 23 weeks. With regard to breed distribution, the German Shepherd was most frequently represented with 29 animals.In 35 joints, the anconeal process was stabilised with lag screw and pin, as there was no fibrous connection between the anconeal process and the ulna. Additionally, in all cases an ulna ostectomy was performed. In nine joints, the connection of the anconeal process to the olecranon was firm and only a proximal ulna ostectomy was performed. The patients were rechecked clinically and radiologically, at an average of 13 weeks post operation. With one exception, in all of the cases the apophysis was closed. The implants were removed in 25 patients. The surgical results were examined once more after an average of 20 months in 43 joints (40 dogs). 83.7% of the cases (n = 36) did not show any lameness after the combined therapy with fixation of the isolated anconeal process and osteotomy of the ulna (n = 28) or ulna ostectomy only (n = 8) and were assessed as ‘good’. Six dogs (five with fixation, one with ostectomy) showed some degree of lameness after heavy strain and were only evaluated as ‘satisfactory’. One dog still had a striking low to medium grade lameness, so that the result was regarded as ‘unsatisfactory’. With regard to the development of arthrosis, only nine of the 30 joints (30%) examined radiographically showed a mild increase of the arthroses during later examinations.In many cases excision of the ununited anconeal process leads to unsatisfactory long-term results. Frequently surgical treatment does not lead to fusion. This paper describes a concept for treatment of an ununited anconeal process and the short- and long-term results. Proximal ostectomy of the ulna was performed, as a single measure, when the anconeal process was tightly in place. In joints with a loose anconeal process, the piece of bone was stabilised with implants, in addition to an ostectomy of the ulna. After an average of three months, the anconeal process had fused with the ulna, in all hut one case. In long-term follow-ups, after an average of 20 months, most of the dogs did not show any lameness, even after exercise. In only a few joints was a minor increase of arthrosis noted. The technique described is considered to be useful to treat the ununited anconeal process in young dogs.

Short and long-term neuroprotective effects of cannabidiol after neonatal peripheral nerve axotomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 108726
Author(s):  
Matheus Perez ◽  
Luciana Politti Cartarozzi ◽  
Gabriela Bortolança Chiarotto ◽  
Francisco Silveira Guimarães ◽  
Alexandre Leite Rodrigues de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term

Maternal administration of melatonin exerts short- and long-term neuroprotective effects on the offspring from lipopolysaccharide-treated mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. e12439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Domínguez Rubio ◽  
Fernando Correa ◽  
Julieta Aisemberg ◽  
Damián Dorfman ◽  
María Victoria Bariani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Maternal Administration

scholarly journals The Short and Long-term Effects of Pregnancy on Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela McCombe
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Maternal Immune System ◽  
Short And Long Term

The role of pregnancy in multiple sclerosis (MS) is of importance because many patients with MS are young women in the childbearing age who require information to inform their reproductive decisions. Pregnancy is now well-known to be associated with fewer relapses of MS and reduced activity of autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, in women with multiple sclerosis, this benefit is not always sufficient to protect against a rebound of disease activity if disease modulating therapy is ceased for pregnancy. There is reason to be concerned that use of assisted reproductive therapies can be associated with relapses of MS. It is thought that the beneficial effects of pregnancy are due to the pregnancy-associated changes in the maternal immune system. There is some evidence of this in human studies and studies of EAE. There is also evidence that having been pregnant leads to better long-term outcome of MS. The mechanism for this is not fully understood but it could result from epigenetic changes resulting from pregnancy or parenthood. Further studies of the mechanisms of the beneficial effects of pregnancy could provide information that might be used to produce new therapies.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS FORMS OF VITAMIN D ON THE BONE AND JOINT SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Dulaev ◽  
A. N. Tsed ◽  
I. A. Filchenko ◽  
N. E. Mushtin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Concomitant Disease ◽  
Medical Database ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Work Assessment ◽  
Orthopedic Patients

Vitamin D takes part into the metabolism of the bone tissue, regulating the processes of mineralization and remodeling. There are a lot of data on uses of using of vitamin D in patients of trauma and orthopedic profile, but opinions about the method of taking, dosage, effectiveness differ greatly and requires more in-depth research.The objectiveof this study was to review and analyze of actual clinical and experimental researches related to the influence of metabolites of vitamin D in the endoprosthesis of large joints, among the available sources of medical database of PubMed, Cohraine, e-Library.The results of most studies of local and systemic use of metabolites of vitamin D led to the conclusion about the beneficial effects of these compounds on bone regeneration in traumatology and orthopedics. However, further researches are required to clearly identify the clinical application of these approaches.We supposed that the following factors considered for long-term work: assessment of long-term effect and usage of standardized doses, learning new derivatives of vitamin D, synergy in the combinations of vitamin D preparations, pharmacokinetics of vitamin D preparations and polymorphisms of genes associated with vitamin D, genes influencing the life activity of bone and assessment of the effect of concomitant disease, systemic pathological processes on related of vitamin D metabolism, and bone restoration. We are also define the simultaneous corrections of vitamin D levels as an important component of the compensation of bone disorders in trauma and orthopedic patients.

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