The genetic diversity of Asplenium viride (Aspleniaceae) fern colonizing heavy metal-polluted sites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Woch ◽  
Grzegorz ◽  
Iwona Jedrzejczyk ◽  
Marek Podsiedlik ◽  
Anna Stefanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
New Genotype ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Heavy metals can affect the morphology, physiology and evolution of plants. Asplenium viride is a diploid species, belonging to the largest genus of the cosmopolitan fern family Aspleniaceae, and occurring on various types of alkaline rocks. It is known to colonize sites with high concentrations of heavy metals, exhibiting changes in frond morphology. Microevolutionary processes, manifesting as changes in genome size and new genotype formation, can ultimately lead to the formation of new subspecies and speciation. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological and genetic diversity of A. viride, and to test for a potential correlation between variability and heavy metal concentration. Analysis of A. viride specimens, from one metalliferous site and five non-metalliferous localities, showed no apparent variation in genome size between plants from affected and non-affected sites. There was no significant correlation between genetic variability and heavy metal concentration. This was possibly due to intragametophytic selfing, caused by patchy habitats and subsequent founder effects, resulting from long-distance colonization by single spores.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION INTO HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION BY THE GRAVEL ROADSIDES / SUNKIŲJŲ METALŲ KONCENTRACIJŲ ŽVYRKELIŲ PAKELIŲ DIRVOŽEMIUOSE VERTINIMAS / ОЦЕНКА КОНЦЕНТР АЦИЙ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ В ПОЧВЕ ОБОЧИН ГРАВИЙНЫХ ДОРОГ

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audronė Mikalajunė ◽  
Lina Jakučionytė
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Concentration Limit ◽  
Roadside Soils ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Gravel Roads ◽  
The Impact

Vehicles release large amounts of heavy metals to the environment. There have been done a lot of investigations analysing the distribution of heavy metals in soils near intensive regional roads. However, there is lack of investigations into the impact of small-intensity gravel roads on roadside soil contamination with heavy metals. The object of this investigation is four gravel roads of local significance connecting small villages. The intensity of these roads is very low. The gravel roads are chosen according to application of dust-minimizing materials, for example, CaCl2 and oil emulsion. According to our results, none of the soil samples had an excess of heavy metal concentration limit. Besides, heavy metal concentrations were decreasing with a distance from the road increasing. We can make an assumption that road dust-minimizing materials do not have a significant impact on heavy metal distribution in roadside soils. The major factors of heavy metal pollution distribution in roadside soils are traffic intensity, roadside trenches, and topographic conditions. Santrauka Eksploatuojant autotransportą, į aplinką patenka daug sunkiųjų metalų. Atlikta nemažai tyrimų sunkiųjų metalų paplitimuidirvožemyje šalia intensyvių magistralinių kelių nustatyti, tačiau mažo intensyvumo keliai šiuo požiūriu tiriami mažai.Tirti pasirinkta 4 žvyrkeliai – vietinės reikšmvs keliai, jungiantys nedideles gyvenvietes. Eismo intensyvumas šiuose keliuose mažas. Žvyrkeliai pasirinkti pagal taikomas priemones dulkėtumui mažinti, t. y. du nagrinvjami žvyrkeliai apdorotiCaCl2, kiti du – naftos emulsija. Nė viename mėginyje sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos neviršijo DLK, o tolstant nuo važiuojamosios kelio dalies sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos buvo mažesnės. Galima daryti prielaidą, kad kelio apdorojimo medžiagos dulkėtumui mažinti žymios įtakos sunkiųjų metalų pasiskirstymui pakelių dirvožemyje nedaro, lemia transporto srauto intensyvumas, kelio grioviai pakelėse bei reljefo sąlygos. Резюме При эксплуатации автомобилей в окружающую среду попадает много тяжелых металлов. Проведено немалоисследований, посвященных анализу распространения тяжелых металлов в почве обочин интенсивно эксплуатируемых магистральных дорог, однако исследований, касающихся аналогичных проблем дорог малой интенсивности, в настоящее время имеется немного. В настоящей работе в качестве объекта исследований выбраны четыредороги местного значения с гравийным покрытием, соединяющие небольшие поселения. Интенсивность дорог небольшая. Гравийные дороги выбраны с учетом их обработки для уменьшения пыльности – две дороги обработаны с применением CaCl2, а две другие – с применением нефтяной эмульсии. Ни в одной пробе не былозафиксировано концентраций тяжелых металлов, превышающих допустимые нормами. С удалением от проезжей части концентрации тяжелых металлов уменьшались. На основании исследований можно сделать вывод о том,что материалы, применявшиеся для уменьшения пыльности дорог, большого влияния на распространениетяжелых металлов в почве обочин дорог не оказывают. На распространение тяжелых металлов в почве обочин оказывает влияние интенсивность транспортного потока, кюветы на обочинах и условия рельефа.

A review of heavy metals in indoor dust and its human health-risk implications

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sock Yin Tan ◽  
Sarva Mangala Praveena ◽  
Emilia Zainal Abidin ◽  
Manraj Singh Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Indoor Dust

AbstractIndoor dust acts as a media for heavy metal deposition. Past studies have shown that heavy metal concentration in indoor dust is affected by local human activities and atmospheric transport can have harmful effects on human health. Additionally, children are more sensitive to heavy metals due to their hand-to-mouth behaviour and rapid body development. However, limited information on health risks were found in past dust studies as these studies aimed to identify heavy metal concentrations and sources of indoor dust. The objective of this review is to discuss heavy metal concentration and sources influencing its concentration in indoor dust. Accordingly, high lead (Pb) concentration (639.10 μg/g) has been reported in heavy traffic areas. In addition, this review paper aims to estimate the health risk to children from heavy metals in indoor dust via multiple exposure pathways using the health-risk assessment (HRA). Urban areas and industrial sites have revealed high heavy metal concentration in comparison to rural areas. Hazard index (HI) values found in arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and Pb were 21.30, 1.10 and 2.40, respectively, indicate that non-carcinogenic elements are found in children. Furthermore, most of the past studies have found that carcinogenic risks for As, cadmium (Cd), Cr and Pb were below the acceptable total lifetime cancer risk (TLCR) range (1×10

scholarly journals Evaluation of removal of heavy metals by microorganisms isolated from industrial effluents

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
S.A. Bhutada ◽  
S.B. Dahikar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Strain Improvement ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Plate Count

At present various microorganisms are used for bioremediation of heavy metals from soil and water bodies. The aim of present work was to isolate the potential heavy metal degrading organisms and to apply for bioremediation of heavy metals from the domestic as well as industrial waste. The study involves the isolation of the bacterial species residing the natural habitat of such environments and screening of these isolates to degrade different heavy metals such as Cu, Cd, Hg, Ni, and Zn  up to the concentration 2000 ppm. There were six bacterial potential isolates  found namely Pseudomonas spp., (3), Achromobacter spp., Uncultured Microbacterium spp., and Exigoubacterium spp., which showing the growth up to the concentration of 2000 ppm. The potency of the six potential isolates was determined by using the conventional plate count technique.  The percentage removal of analyzed by the use of ICP-AES technique. The study shows isolation of the species which can remove heavy metal up to 60%. It was also found that the increase in the incubation time causes more reduction in the heavy metal concentration. The mutational analysis of the isolates for the strain improvement process shows that the Exigoubacterium species can grow at 3000 ppm heavy metal concentration and showed 60% reduction in heavy metal. This highly potential species can be used for the removal of different heavy metals which is also a viable, eco friendly and cost effective technology for cleanup of the environment. 

scholarly journals Heavy metals contamination of the sediments of the south-eastern Baltic Sea: the impact of economic development

Baltica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Alexander Krek ◽  
Aleksandr Danchenkov ◽  
Marina Ulyanova ◽  
Darya Ryabchuk
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Heavy Metals Contamination ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Eastern Baltic

The scope of the study was to assess the impact of potential sources of Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, and Cr on bottom sediments of the Russian sector of the south-eastern Baltic Sea. A total of 68 samples were taken and analyzed for grain-size (laser diffraction and sieve method) and heavy metal concentration (atomic absorption spectroscopy method). To avoid the influence of the sorption capacity of the fine-grained sediments to accumulate the pollutants, the normalization of the heavy metal concentration to Fe was applied. The environmental indices (contamination factor and modified degree of contamination) were calculated. The research has shown the contribution of oil platform, pipelines, ports and wastewater treatment facilities on the geochemical composition of bottom sediments. The authors have identified the level of heavy metals contamination of the middle parts of the Curonian and Vistula spits as a result of alongshore transport of pollutants.

scholarly journals Determination of Heavy Metals in Soil and Plants along Major Road in Hong Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nachana’a Timothy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Roadside Soils ◽  
The Road

Heavy metal concentration in roadside soil and plants are increasingly becoming of health concern. This work determined the concentration of selected heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Co, Ni and Cu) in roadside soils and plants samples from selected sites (Plaifu, Shiwa, Fadama-rake and Damdrai) along major road in Hong. Soil samples were taken 10 m, 20 m and 30 m away from the edge of the road at the  depth of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm. Plant samples were randomly collected within the vicinity where the soil samples were taken and were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The result revealed the trend in soil heavy metal concentration was Fe > Mn > Mg > Pb > Zn > Ni > Co > Cu > Cr > Cd and for plant the trend was Fe > Mn > Mg > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd > Co > Cr. The concentrations decreased with increasing distance away from the edge of the road as well as with depth at which the soil sample were taken. The transfer factor showed that the concentration of Zn, Mn, Cu and Mg were greater than 1, which shows that plant were enriched by Zn, Mn, Cu and Mg from the soil. Mg and Cd equal to 1 at Plaifu and Damdrai. Most of the values of TF at the study area super pass 0.5, which implies that generally, the ability of bioaccumulation of these heavy metals in examined plants were relatively high.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Concentration in Eight Fish Species from Epe Lagoon (Nigeria)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Iyabode Olusola Taiwo ◽  
Olaniyi Alaba Olopade ◽  
Nathanael Akinsafe Bamidele
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry

Abstract This research was undertaken to find out the levels of five heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in the muscles of eight fish species from Epe Lagoon. The levels of heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion of the samples using Kjldahl heating digester. The heavy metal concentrations among the fish species were statistically dissimilar (P < 0.5). The heavy metals of Pb, Fe, and Mn were above the FAO/WHO agreeable limits for human consumption.

scholarly journals Ultra-portable, smartphone-based spectrometer for heavy metal concentration measurement in drinking water samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyam Srivastava ◽  
Vinay Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Concentration Measurement ◽  
Visible Radiation ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

AbstractHeavy metals are very toxic and hazardous for human health. Onsite screening of heavy metal contaminated samples along with location-based automation data collection is a tedious job. Traditionally high-end equipment’s such as gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC–MS) and atomic absorption spectrometers have been used to measure the concentration of different heavy metals in water samples but most of them are costly, bulky, and time consuming, and requires expert human intervention. This manuscript reports an ultra-portable, rapid, cost-effective, and easy-to-use solution for onsite heavy metal concentration measurement in drinking water samples. Presented solution combines off-the-shelf available chemical kits for heavy metal detection and developed spectrometer-based readout for concentration prediction, quality judgment, and automatic data collection. Two chemical kits for copper and iron detection have been imported form Merck and have been used for overall training and testing. The developed spectrometer has capability to work with smartphone-based android app and also can work in standalone mode. The developed spectrometer uses white light-emitting diode as a source and commercially imported spectral sensor (AS7262) for visible radiation reception. A low-power sub-GHZ-based wireless embedded platform has been developed and interfaced with source and detector. A power management module also has been designed to monitor the battery status and also to generate low battery indication. Overall modules has been packaged in custom designed enclosure to avoid external light interference. The developed system has been trained using standard buffer samples with known heavy metal concentrations and further tested for water samples collected from institute colony and nearby villages. The obtained results have been validated with commercially imported system from HANNA instruments, and it has been observed that developed system has shown excellent accuracy to predict heavy metal concentration (tested for Fe and Cu) in water samples.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation of Total Hydrocarbon and Heavy Metals in Body Parts of the West African Red Mangrove Crab (Goniopsis pelii) in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Aroloye O. Numbere
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
West African ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
The West ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon ◽  
Red Mangrove ◽  
Mangrove Crab

This study is based on bioaccumulation of total hydrocarbon (THC) and heavy metals in body parts of the West African red mangrove crab (G. pelii), which inhabit polluted mangrove forests. Thirty crabs were captured in October, 2018 and sorted into male and female. Their lengths and widths were measured, and body parts dismembered and oven-dried at 70 ͦ C for 48 hours. Physicochemical analysis for Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb) and THC was measured by spectrophotometric method using HACH DR 890 colorimeter (wavelength 420 nm) and microwave accelerated reaction system (MARS Xpress, North Carolina) respectively. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in THC and heavy metals in the body parts of crabs.  However, Zinc was highest in claw (993.4±91.3 mg/l) and body tissues (32.5±1.9 mg/l), Pb was highest in carapace (34.6±2.8 mg/l) and gill (151.9±21.6 mg/l) while THC was highest in intestine (39.5±2.9 mg/l) and gut (52.4±13.4 mg/l). The order of concentration is Zn>Pb>THC>Cd. Male crabs had slightly higher THC and heavy metal concentration than female crabs probably because of their large size. There is negative correlation between carapace area and THC concentration (R = -0.246), meaning THC decreases with increasing carapace size. Internal parts of crab had higher THC and heavy metal concentration than external parts. These results show that there is high bioaccumulation of THC and heavy metals in crab, which is above WHO/FAO standard. This implies that the crabs are unfit for human consumption. The smaller the crab the better it is for consumption in terms of bioaccumulation of pollutants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Ornamental Plants for Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyela Ibironke Okunlola ◽  
Dotun Nathaniel Arije ◽  
Katherine Olayinka Olajugbagbe
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Basella Alba ◽  
Limit Value

A completely randomized design with three replicates was conducted at the Screen house of the Department of Crop Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, to examine the phytoremediation potential of Codiaeum variegatum and Basella alba on contaminated soils from four locations. Soils were collected from the Mechanic workshop, Dumpsite, Forest Topsoils, and Effluent site, and filled into the buckets. Initial soil analysis was conducted on all the soils to determine heavy metal concentration (Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn). At 12 weeks after planting, soil and plant (root and shoot) samples were analyzed to determine the heavy metals accumulated. WHO permissible limit value for heavy metal concentration in soil and plant were used as a standard to evaluate plant phytoremediation potential. Results from the study confirm the phytoremediation potential of C. variegatum and its high tolerance for the accumulation of heavy metals. B. alba plant also shows its potential in removing heavy metals from the soil, but it was not as tolerant as C. variegatum as B. alba planted in soils from mechanic workshop and effluent site had stunted growth.

Leaching of Heavy Metals Using TCLP and SPLP Method from Fired Clay Brick Incorporating with Mosaic Sludge

2016 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 352-357
Author(s):  
Aeslina binti Abdul Kadir ◽  
Nur Athirah Ideris ◽  
Ahmad Shayuti Abdul Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Adequate Quality

Mosaic sludge is sewerage from mosaic industrial activities such as cutting, polishing and grinding. This sludge mostly will be disposed directly to landfill and some of it was discharged in drainage system without proper treatment. Therefore, in this study, mosaic sludge from the mosaic industry were reused and incorporated into fired clay brick in order to provide alternative disposal method, producing adequate quality of brick as well as minimizing the heavy metal leachability to the environment. First, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) was conducted to determine the heavy metal concentration from two types of mosaic sludge. The results indicate that the highest element concentration in mosaic sludge (BS and PS) shows that Barium is the highest with 3253ppm and 3260ppm. On the raw sludge, the lowest obtained in BS and PS is Cesium with 14ppm and 17ppm. SPLP and TCLP also conducted in this study and the results show that, even though the element such as ferum (Fe) and cadmium (Cd) was not detected in XRF but in SPLP and TCLP, it shows that these two elements exist in clay, BS and PS with low concentration. In term of properties, compressive strength was conducted by incorporating 0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% bodymill and polishing sludge into fired clay brick. The results show that compressive strength of BS brick was stronger than PS brick. Lastly, Static Leachate Test (SLT) was conducted to measure the long term leachability of heavy metals from different percentages of mosaic sludge brick. In SLT result, ferum (Fe) shows the highest value of heavy metal concentration among other elements. The results for control brick, BS brick and PS brick show the same pattern and far from the limit set by USEPA.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document