scholarly journals Effect of Meloxicam on Behavior, Physiology and Pain Sensitivity in Holstein Calves Following Dehorning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Li ◽  
Yulong Zhang ◽  
Yaocheng Cui ◽  
Jianchen Qi ◽  
Dongjie Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Total Intake ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Holstein Calves

Abstract The present work aimed to assess the effects of meloxicam on the behavior, feed intake, physiology and pain sensitivity in calves following dehorning. Calves were randomly allocated to four groups: dehorning by amputation with saline (ADNM) or meloxicam (ADM) and chemical disbudding with saline (CDNM) or meloxicam (CDM). Significant differences in the frequencies of all behaviors and activity levels were not observed for the treatment*time interaction (p ≥ 0.05) but were observed for time points (p < 0.05), and the total intake, foraging, hay or milk intake, rectal temperatures, respiration and heart rates and mechanical nonreceptive thresholds (MNTs) in calves were all noted (p < 0.05). For the treatment*time interaction, significant differences were showed between the CDNM and CDM groups in the total intake (at d 0 and 1), foraging (at d 1), hay or milk intake (at d 0 and 1), rectal temperatures (at 24 hr), heart rates (at 4 and 6 hr), and MNTs ( right horn at 2, 6, 24, 48 and 72 hr; left horn at 6 and 24 hr); and significant differences were found between the ADNM and ADM groups in the rectal temperatures (at 6 hr), respiration rates (at 4, 6 and 24 hr), heart rates (at 2, 4 and 6 hr), and MNT (right horn at 2 to 72 hr; left horn at 24 hr). Our results indicated that meloxicam relieves pain after calf dehorning and helps restore feed intake.

scholarly journals Lysine and Methionine Supplementation for Dairy Calves Is More Accurate through the Liquid than the Solid Diet

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Jackeline Thais Silva ◽  
Evangelina Miqueo ◽  
Thaís Manzoni Torrezan ◽  
Nathalia Brito Rocha ◽  
Giovana Simão Slanzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Intermediate Metabolism ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Solid Diet ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
Daily Intakes

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and metabolic changes in dairy calves supplemented with lysine and methionine in milk replacer (MR) or starter concentrate (SC). Male Holstein calves (n = 45) were blocked and distributed in Control without supplementation (1) and; Lysine and Methionine supplementation to achieve an intake of 17 and 5.3 g/d in the SC (2) and to achieve of 17 and 5.3 g/d in the MR (3). MR was fed (6 L/d) until the 8th week of life when weaning occurred. Calves were followed until the 10th week of age. Feed intake was measured daily. Weight and body measurements were registered weekly. Blood samples were collected biweekly to evaluate the intermediate metabolism. The AA supplementation resulted in lower body weight at weaning and week 10. Calves fed SC Lys:Met had lower SC intake and lower total feed intake at weaning when compared to control. Calves fed control had higher heart girth, hip-width, and plasma glucose concentration. The supplementation with Lys and Met did not benefit dairy calves’ performance nor metabolism in this study. Supplementation through the MR was more efficient than SC to result in adequate daily intakes of AA. Further studies are needed to understand the negative effects of AA on calf starter intake.

scholarly journals 233 NaturSafe® supplementation mitigates some aspects of the acute phase immune response to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in weaned beef calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 117-117
Author(s):  
Nicole C Burdick Sanchez ◽  
Jeffery A Carroll ◽  
Paul R Broadway ◽  
Tom S Edrington ◽  
Ilkyu Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sickness Behavior ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Monitoring Devices

Abstract This study was conducted to determine if feeding calves NaturSafe would reduce the acute phase response (APR) to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Crossbred steers (n=32; 274±2 kg) were randomly allotted to two treatment diets: 1) Control, fed a standard receiving ration, and 2) NaturSafe, fed the Control ration supplemented with NaturSafe at 12 g/hd/d (NaturSafe®, Diamond V). On d22, steers were fitted with indwelling jugular catheters and rectal temperature monitoring devices and placed in individual stalls. On d23, steers were challenged i.v. with 0.25 µg/kg BW LPS. Serum samples were collected and sickness behavior scores (SBS) recorded at 0.5-h intervals from -2 to 8h and at 24h relative to LPS challenge. Rectal temperatures were greater (P=0.01) in NaturSafe compared to Control steers for the following time intervals following LPS challenge: 6 to 11h, 13h, 15 to 20h, and 22 to 24h. Additionally, SBS were reduced (P&lt; 0.01) in NaturSafe compared to Control steers. White blood cell concentrations were greater (P=0.05) in NaturSafe compared to Control steers prior to the LPS challenge, yet the response to LPS did not differ between treatments (P &gt;0.05). A treatment × time interaction for serum cortisol concentrations (P&lt; 0.01) showed an increase at 0.5 and 2h post-challenge but a reduction at 3h in NaturSafe compared to Control steers. Additionally, fibrinogen was greater (P&lt; 0.01) in NaturSafe compared to Control steers. There was a treatment × time interaction (P&lt; 0.01) for TNF-α where concentrations were reduced from 1 to 2h post-challenge in NaturSafe compared to Control steers. Serum IL-6 tended (P=0.09) to show a reduction in serum concentrations in NaturSafe compared to Control steers. There was a tendency (P=0.07) for a treatment × time interaction for IFN-γ. Overall these data suggest a priming effect of NaturSafe on the innate immune system of steers, resulting in an attenuated APR to the LPS challenge.

scholarly journals 168 The effects of fly control strategies on fly abundance, fly avoidance behaviors, and performance in feedlot bulls and steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 15-16
Author(s):  
Courtney McNeff ◽  
Justin Talley ◽  
Colton A Robison ◽  
Blake K Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Avoidance Behaviors ◽  
Fly Control

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to examine the effects of fly control strategies on fly abundance, fly avoidance behaviors, and animal performance in a feedlot setting. Angus bulls (n = 64; BW = 281 ± 36.2 kg) and steers (n = 36; BW = 475 ± 40.4 kg) were blocked by sex and BW and assigned to 1 of 4 experimental treatments in a randomized complete block design (7 pens/treatment; 4 bulls/pen; 3 steers/pen). Treatments included: control (CON; no fly control), abamectin, piperonyl butoxide, and zetacypermethrin insecticide tags (FT; Tri-Zap®, Y-Tex Corporation, Cody, WY), permethrin and piperonyl butoxide pour on (PO; Permectrin® CDS, Bayer Animal Health, Shawnee Mission, KS), or a garlic-powder top dress (GR) administered at 0.28 g •-1 animal •-1d. The experiment was conducted between June and September. Horn and stable fly abundance (FA) and fly avoidance behaviors (FAB; i.e. tail-flicks, stomping, head-tossing) were recorded by trained personnel. Both FA and FAB were recorded once/wk on days with similar temperatures, humidity, wind speed, and without precipitation based on Oklahoma Mesonet data (Stillwater site). There was a tendency for a treatment × time interaction for horn FA with differences in treatments occurring at wk 1, 2, 8, and 14. There was no treatment × time interaction for stable FA or FAB, however both were affected by time (P &lt; 0.001). There were no differences in final BW (P = 0.34), overall ADG (P = 0.30), overall DMI (P = 0.53), or overall G:F (P = 0.39). There was a tendency (P ≤ 0.10) for GR to have decreased BW on d 28 and decreased ADG from d 0 to 28 compared to FT and PO. There was also a tendency (P = 0.09) for decreased DMI from d 0 to 56 for GR compared to CON and FT. Overall FA was less than expected (mean = 1 to 17 flies/animal) throughout the experiment and overall animal performance was unaffected by fly control strategy.

Stress level in wild harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) during satellite tagging measured by respiration, heart rate and cortisol

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 885-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.G. Eskesen ◽  
J. Teilmann ◽  
B.M. Geertsen ◽  
G. Desportes ◽  
F. Riget ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Phocoena Phocoena ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Stressed Animal ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Satellite Tagging

During satellite tagging of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), heart rate, respiration rate and cortisol value were measured to evaluate stress effects during handling and tagging. Respiration rates were obtained using video recordings, heart rates were recorded and serum cortisol levels were analysed from blood samples. Differences in heart rates, respiration rates and cortisol levels before and during the tagging events were investigated. An overall significant decrease of 31.5% in respiration rate was found during the tagging event period, while mature porpoises respired significantly more often than immature individuals. Though significant differences in heart rates were found for some individuals, no general significant change for all animals was detected. We found no correlation between cortisol concentration and either heart rate or respiration rate, nor did we find any relationships between cortisol and month of year, sex and body length. As high individual variations occurred in response to tagging of harbour porpoises, it is not possible to give general advice based on the factors investigated, on how to reduce stress during handling. However, pouring water over the animal and lowering it into the water seem to stabilize a stressed animal. Therefore, general precaution and individual judgement based on experience is essential when handling wild harbour porpoises.

scholarly journals Supplementation of OmniGen-AF improves the metabolic response to a glucose tolerance test in beef heifers1,2

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1521-1529
Author(s):  
Nicole C Burdick Sanchez ◽  
Jeffery A Carroll ◽  
Paul R Broadway ◽  
Tyler H Schell ◽  
Steve B Puntenney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Post Infusion

Abstract: This study determined whether feeding the immunomodulating supplement, OmniGen-AF, to feedlot heifers would alter metabolic profiles to a glucose tolerance test. Heifer calves (n = 32; 217 ± 2 kg) were allocated into two treatment diets: 1) Control, fed a standard receiving ration, and 2) OmniGen, fed the Control diet supplemented with OmniGen at 4.54 g/45 kg BW/d. Heifers were fed for 42 d. On d 42, Heifers were processed through a working facility for placement of indwelling jugular catheters. After these procedures, heifers were moved into individual stanchions in an enclosed barn and all heifers were fed their treatment diets at 1400 h. All orts were removed at 2000 h to allow for a 12-h fast prior to first blood collection. The following day, heifers were administered 0.5 mL/kg BW of a 50% dextrose solution at 0900 h (0 min). Blood samples were collected for serum isolation at −60, −45, −30, −15, 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min relative to bolus dextrose infusion. Serum was stored at −80 oC until analyzed for cortisol, glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and urea N concentrations. There was a treatment × time interaction for post-challenge cortisol (P = 0.004) such that cortisol was greater in OmniGen heifers than Control heifers from 10- to 45- min post-infusion. Glucose concentrations increased post-infusion (P &lt; 0.01) and were reduced in OmniGen compared to Control heifers at 10-, 45-, and 90-min after challenge (treatment × time P &lt; 0.001). Similarly, there was a treatment × time interaction for post-challenge insulin concentrations (P = 0.04) such that insulin was greater in OmniGen-fed heifers than Control heifers from 10 to 30 min. In addition, there was a treatment × time interaction (P = 0.01) for NEFA concentrations such that concentrations were reduced in OmniGen-supplemented heifers from 10 to 30 min following administration of the dextrose bolus. Serum urea N concentrations were greater in Control heifers at 150 min compared to OmniGen-fed heifers (post-challenge treatment × time interaction: P &lt; 0.001). These data suggest that OmniGen-fed heifers were more responsive to changes in glucose, perhaps affecting the storage and/or redistribution of energy deposits and provide further evidence for altered metabolism in OmniGen-supplemented cattle. The differences observed may explain differences observed in the immune response in OmniGen-supplemented calves.

scholarly journals Digestibility of diets containing calcium salts of fatty acids or soybean oil in horses1

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K Fehlberg ◽  
James M Lattimer ◽  
Christopher I Vahl ◽  
James S Drouillard ◽  
Teresa L Douthit
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Lipid Source ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Internal Marker

Abstract Calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFAs) frequently are fed to ruminants, but their fate in the equine digestive system is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare Enertia s/f, a proprietary CSFAs, and soybean (SB) oil with respect to impact on apparent total tract nutrient digestion and cecal fermentation parameters in horses. Eight cecally cannulated Quarter Horses were used in a crossover design in which horses consumed a diet for 32 d consisting of 1.5% body weight (BW) (as-fed) smooth bromegrass hay and 0.5% BW (as-fed) pelleted concentrate containing 4.9% CSFAs or 4.1% SB oil. Fecal samples were collected every 4 h from day 30 to 32 of each period and analyzed for apparent total tract digestibilities of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), and gross energy (GE) using acid detergent insoluble ash as an internal marker. Cecal digesta was obtained at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h following the morning meal on day 29 of each period and analyzed for pH and concentrations of volatile fatty acid (VFA) and long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). Serum was collected on day 33 of each period following a 16-h fast and analyzed for triglycerides and cholesterol. Apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, NDF, ADF, CP, CF, and GE were unaffected by lipid source (P &gt; 0.10). Serum triglycerides tended to be greater in horses consuming CSFAs compared to SB (P = 0.10); however, serum cholesterol was not different (P = 0.45). In horses consuming SB, cecal pH decreased below baseline (hour 0) at hours 2, 4, and 6 (P &lt; 0.01), whereas cecal pH in horses consuming CSFAs was below baseline at hours 4 and 6 (P &lt; 0.01). There were no treatment or time effects on cecal pH (P &gt; 0.10). Cecal concentrations of total VFAs were greater in horses consuming SB compared to CSFAs at hour 2 (P = 0.01). Cecal concentrations of acetate, propionate, acetate:propionate (A:P), and butyrate were affected by time (P &lt; 0.01). Propionate was less at hour 2 in horses fed CSFAs compared to horses fed SB (P = 0.04). A treatment × time interaction was detected for total cecal LCFAs concentration (P &lt; 0.01); LCFAs concentration was greater at hour 2 for horses consuming CSFAs compared to horses fed SB (P = 0.02). SB oil and CSFAs have similar effects on the digestion of DM, NDF, ADF, GE, CF, and CP.

scholarly journals Exercise delays allogeneic tumor growth and reduces intratumoral inflammation and vascularization

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 2249-2256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Zielinski ◽  
Melissa Muenchow ◽  
Matthew A. Wallig ◽  
Peggy L. Horn ◽  
Jeffrey A. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Rapid Regression

This investigation determined whether daily strenuous exercise would alter the progression and regression of an allogeneic lymphoid tumor in mice. We also determined whether exercise would alter the cellular composition and vascularity of the tumor. Female BALB/c mice (age 6–8 wk) were randomly assigned to sedentary control (Con) or daily exercised groups (EXH). EXH mice ran on a treadmill at incremental speeds (20–40 m/min) for 3 h or until fatigue. Each mouse was subcutaneously injected with 20 × 106 EL-4 lymphoma cells immediately after the first exercise bout ( day 1) and run daily. Tumor volume was measured daily with calipers. In some experiments, mice were euthanized on days 5–10, 12, and 14. Tumors were excised and stained with hematoxylin and eosin or for Factor VIII-associated antigen using immunohistochemistry and analyzed in a blinded fashion under a light microscope. There was no significant treatment main effect found for tumor volumes. Interestingly, a significant treatment × time interaction was found, such that there was a 2-day delay in peak tumor volume and a more rapid tumor regression in EXH. Tumors isolated from Con exhibited significantly higher numbers of apoptotic bodies, blood vessels, macrophages, and neutrophils when compared with EXH. Intratumoral lymphocytes were higher in Con early in tumor growth but higher in EXH at peak tumor size. These data indicate that daily strenuous exercise may influence tumor growth by affecting the microenvironment of the tumor, resulting in a delay in tumor growth and a more rapid regression.

Interaction of hyperthermia and heart rate on stroke volume during prolonged exercise

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel D. Trinity ◽  
Matthew D. Pahnke ◽  
Joshua F. Lee ◽  
Edward F. Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Ventricular Filling

People who become hyperthermic during exercise display large increases in heart rate (HR) and reductions in stroke volume (SV). It is not clear if the reduction in SV is due primarily to hyperthermia or if it is a secondary effect of an elevation in HR reducing ventricular filling. In the present study, the upward drift of HR during prolonged exercise was prevented by a very small dose of the β1-adrenoreceptor blocker (atenolol; βB), thus allowing SV to be compared at a given HR during normothermia and hyperthermia. Eleven men cycled for 60 min at 57% of peak O2 uptake after receiving placebo control (PL) or a low dose (0.2 mg/kg) of βB. Hyperthermia was induced by reducing heat dissipation during exercise. Four experimental conditions were studied: normothermia-PL, normothermia-βB, hyperthermia-PL, and hyperthermia-βB. Hyperthermia increased skin and core temperature by 4.3°C and 0.8°C ( P < 0.01), respectively. βB prevented HR elevation with hyperthermia: HR values were similar at minute 60 during normothermia-PL and hyperthermia-βB (155 ± 11 and 154 ± 13 beats/min, respectively, P = 0.82). However, SV was increased by 7% during the final 20 min of exercise during hyperthermia-βB compared with normothermia-PL (treatment × time interaction, P = 0.03). In conclusion, when matched for HR, mild hyperthermia increased SV during exercise. Furthermore, the reduction in SV throughout prolonged exercise under normothermic and mildly hyperthermic conditions appears to be due to the increase in HR.

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