scholarly journals High prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria isolated from Municipal Solid Waste Dumpsite, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baye Sitotaw ◽  
Fikremariam Ayalew ◽  
Abayeneh Girma ◽  
Kindu Geta ◽  
Mulugeta Kibret
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Abstract Background The emergence of antibiotic resistance (ABR) among environmental microbes has been challenging global health. ABR can be transferred to human-associated bacteria aggravating the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Due to poor solid waste disposal practices, municipal solid waste dumpsite (MSWDS) can be a reservoir for antimicrobial resistant microorganisms, such as bacteria. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of antibiotic resistance (ABR) bacteria at Bahir Dar city MSWDS. Methods Soil samples were collected from three randomly selected sites within the dumpsite from November 2020 to May 2021. Bacteria were isolated, identified and tested for ABR using standard procedures. Results In this study, 71 distinct colonies were isolated and identified to ten bacterial genera based on cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. The pooled antibiotic résistance rate was 85.9%. Resistance to the tested antibiotics ranged between 0% for erythromycin and 100% for amoxicillin among the bacterial isolates. High proportions of the isolates were found to be resistant to amoxicillin (100%), vancomycin (87%) and nalidixic acid (73.3%). Substantial proportions of the isolates were also resistant to Streptomycin (54.5%), sulfonamide (50%) and tetracycline (48.5%). On the other hand, high sensitivity rates to erythromycin (90.91%), ciprofloxacin (83.10%), chloramphenicol (77.46%) and gentamicin (63.49%) were recorded. All isolates related to Staphylococcus spp., and most isolates related to Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Enterococcus, Citrobacter, Shigella and Proteus species were resistant at least to one antibiotic drug. The overall multidrug resistance (MDR) rate was 49.3%, and a high rate of MDR was demonstrated among isolates related to Escherichia spp. (75%), Staphylococcus spp. (68.8%), Pseudomonas spp. (62.5%) and Klebsiella spp. (60%), where each isolate resisted at least 5 antibiotic drugs. Conclusion From the present study, it can be concluded that a high incidence of ABR exists in Bahir Dar city MSWDS. The occurrence of the high level of ABR to commonly used antibiotics in this study demands a proper waste management system, as well as surveillance programs to monitor for antimicrobial resistance determinants in municipal solid wastes. Moreover, detailed studies on the isolates and ABR genes will give a better insight into the prevalence of ABR in the waste dumpsite.

CLEAN UTILIZATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES AND ALTERNATIVE FUELS DERIVED FROM IT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
Alexander Topal ◽  
◽  
Iryna Holenko ◽  
Luidmyla Haponych ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Clean Technologies

For the municipal solid waste (MSW) to be used in a proper way, it is necessary to implement clean technologies capable of thermal treatment of MSW and RDF in order to produce heat and electricity while meeting current ecological requirements. Nowadays, a number of technologies for MSW/RDF thermal treating are being used worldwide. Among them, the most proven technologies, applicable for industrial introduction, have been considered while analyzing their advantages/ disadvantages accounting for local conditions of Ukraine.

scholarly journals A Review on Cementitious Materials Including Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash (MSWI-BA) as Aggregates

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Jad Bawab ◽  
Jamal Khatib ◽  
Said Kenai ◽  
Mohammed Sonebi
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Incineration ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes

Waste management is a vital environmental issue in the world today. Municipal solid wastes (MSWs) are discarded in huge quantities on a daily basis and need to be well controlled. Incineration is a common method for reducing the volume of these wastes, yet it produces ashes that require further assessment. Municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI-BA) is the bulk byproduct of the incineration process and has the potential to be used in the construction sector. This paper offers a review of the use of MSWI-BA as aggregates in cementitious materials. With the growing demand of aggregates in cementitious materials, MSWI-BA is considered for use as a partial or full alternative. Although the physical and chemical properties of MSWI-BA are different than those of natural aggregates (NA) in terms of water absorption, density, and fineness, they can be treated by various methods to ensure suitable quality for construction purposes. These treatment methods are classified into thermal treatment, solidification and stabilization, and separation processes, where this review focuses on the techniques that reduce deficiencies limiting the use of MSWI-BA as aggregates in different ways. When replacing NA in cementitious materials, MSWI-BA causes a decrease in workability, density, and strength. Moreover, they cause an increase in water absorption, air porosity, and drying shrinkage. In general, the practicality of using MSWI-BA in cementitious materials is mainly influenced by its treatment method and the replacement level, and it is concluded that further research, especially on durability, is required before MSWI-BA can be efficiently used in the production of sustainable cementitious materials.

scholarly journals ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL TYPIFICATION OF TERRITORIES FOR ALLOCATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 1124-1136
Author(s):  
Irina KOZLIAKOVA ◽  
Irina KOZHEVNIKOVA ◽  
Olga EREMINA ◽  
Nadezhda ANISIMOVA
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes

The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) appears to be one of the major ecological problems at present. Selecting sites for the disposal of municipal solid wastes or waste utilization facilities is one of the most contentious aspects of waste management. The present study aimed to develop the methodology to assess the natural protection of the geological environment from contamination upon the implementation of large ecological projects due to the allocation of MSW utilization facilities. The case of the Central Federal District of Russia (CFD) is taken as an example. The suitability of territories for municipal solid waste disposal is assessed according to the presence of weakly permeable deposits in the geological cross-section and their occurrence mode. A “map of engineering geological zoning CFD by the conditions of allocation MSW disposal sites and utilization facilities” has been compiled to a scale 1:2500000. The map gives a general indication of the suitability of the planned sites for waste disposal within the regarded region and showed that, for the bulk of territory, the allocation of MSW disposal and management facilities requires undertaking additional measures for the geoenvironmental protection from contamination.

scholarly journals Reuse of Municipal Solid Waste from Incinerated Ash in the Stabilization of Clayey Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
B. J. S. Varaprasad ◽  
Jayaprakash Reddy Joga ◽  
Suryaprakash Reddy Joga
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Swell Index ◽  
Swell Potential ◽  
Free Swell

AbstractA useful method for the disposal of waste from an incineration plant is to reuse it for geotechnical and civil engineering applications. The primary objective of this study concerns the reuse of local incinerated ash from municipal solid wastes in soil stabilization. Municipal Solid Waste Incinerated Ash (MSWIA) is blended with soil in various combinations and tested for its Atterberg limits, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and Free Swell Index (FSI). A 1-D Consolidation Test was conducted, and changes in the soil during the test were examined by a scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. The test results showed that there are increments in the UCS and CBR values with the reductions in the FSI, swell pressure, and swell potential of the treated soils.

Municipal solid waste management in Kitwe City

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1075-1092
Author(s):  
Bupe Getrude Mwanza ◽  
Charles Mbohwa ◽  
Arnesh Telukdarie
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The City

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the present municipal solid wastes (MSWs) management system, from an engineering management (EM) perspective, for the City of Kitwe while proposing a levers-driven sustainable municipal solid waste management (MSWM) model focussing on improving waste management (WM). Design/methodology/approach The research work involves four stages. First, a comprehensive review of literature is conducted on MSWM. Second, structured interviews are conducted with key experts in solid waste management in the City of Kitwe in order to enhance the knowledge inputs. Third, direct observations and an interview with a WM driver are conducted in order to understand; the collection, disposal and treatment options for MSWs. Lastly, a sustainable model for managing MSWs is proposed Findings The research findings indicate that the existing MSW system for the city is highly unsustainable and lacks EM methodologies. There are still a number of challenges in the management of MSWs which include: lack of proper collection and storage of MSWs; lack of an engineered landfill; lack of waste recovery and treatment systems; and lack of public education aimed at reducing and separating MSWs. Practical implications A correct and detailed database for waste generation, collection, treatment and disposal is needed for the City of Kitwe. The system is necessary for WM resources allocation as well as for planning sustainable WM projects. The proposed model has been developed based on the actual observations, data collection and analysis. Originality/value The research identifies a gap in the management of MSWs for the City of Kitwe. This work is original as no similar MSW model has been proposed globally and specific for a developing economy such as Africa.

scholarly journals An In Vitro Chicken Gut Model Demonstrates Transfer of a Multidrug Resistance Plasmid from Salmonella to Commensal Escherichia coli

mBio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick M. Card ◽  
Shaun A. Cawthraw ◽  
Javier Nunez-Garcia ◽  
Richard J. Ellis ◽  
Gemma Kay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Plasmid Transfer ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Antibiotic Administration

ABSTRACT The chicken gastrointestinal tract is richly populated by commensal bacteria that fulfill various beneficial roles for the host, including helping to resist colonization by pathogens. It can also facilitate the conjugative transfer of multidrug resistance (MDR) plasmids between commensal and pathogenic bacteria which is a significant public and animal health concern as it may affect our ability to treat bacterial infections. We used an in vitro chemostat system to approximate the chicken cecal microbiota, simulate colonization by an MDR Salmonella pathogen, and examine the dynamics of transfer of its MDR plasmid harboring several genes, including the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase bla CTX-M1. We also evaluated the impact of cefotaxime administration on plasmid transfer and microbial diversity. Bacterial community profiles obtained by culture-independent methods showed that Salmonella inoculation resulted in no significant changes to bacterial community alpha diversity and beta diversity, whereas administration of cefotaxime caused significant alterations to both measures of diversity, which largely recovered. MDR plasmid transfer from Salmonella to commensal Escherichia coli was demonstrated by PCR and whole-genome sequencing of isolates purified from agar plates containing cefotaxime. Transfer occurred to seven E. coli sequence types at high rates, even in the absence of cefotaxime, with resistant strains isolated within 3 days. Our chemostat system provides a good representation of bacterial interactions, including antibiotic resistance transfer in vivo. It can be used as an ethical and relatively inexpensive approach to model dissemination of antibiotic resistance within the gut of any animal or human and refine interventions that mitigate its spread before employing in vivo studies. IMPORTANCE The spread of antimicrobial resistance presents a grave threat to public health and animal health and is affecting our ability to respond to bacterial infections. Transfer of antimicrobial resistance via plasmid exchange is of particular concern as it enables unrelated bacteria to acquire resistance. The gastrointestinal tract is replete with bacteria and provides an environment for plasmid transfer between commensals and pathogens. Here we use the chicken gut microbiota as an exemplar to model the effects of bacterial infection, antibiotic administration, and plasmid transfer. We show that transfer of a multidrug-resistant plasmid from the zoonotic pathogen Salmonella to commensal Escherichia coli occurs at a high rate, even in the absence of antibiotic administration. Our work demonstrates that the in vitro gut model provides a powerful screening tool that can be used to assess and refine interventions that mitigate the spread of antibiotic resistance in the gut before undertaking animal studies. IMPORTANCE The spread of antimicrobial resistance presents a grave threat to public health and animal health and is affecting our ability to respond to bacterial infections. Transfer of antimicrobial resistance via plasmid exchange is of particular concern as it enables unrelated bacteria to acquire resistance. The gastrointestinal tract is replete with bacteria and provides an environment for plasmid transfer between commensals and pathogens. Here we use the chicken gut microbiota as an exemplar to model the effects of bacterial infection, antibiotic administration, and plasmid transfer. We show that transfer of a multidrug-resistant plasmid from the zoonotic pathogen Salmonella to commensal Escherichia coli occurs at a high rate, even in the absence of antibiotic administration. Our work demonstrates that the in vitro gut model provides a powerful screening tool that can be used to assess and refine interventions that mitigate the spread of antibiotic resistance in the gut before undertaking animal studies.

Recycling Business of Municipal Solid Wastes in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 504-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Juan Niu ◽  
Na Na Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Current Collection ◽  
Value Stream

Municipal solid waste is a big problem in China. Separating and collecting recyclables from municipal solid wastes is a key approach for resolving waste problems and promoting circular economy. The current collection and recycling of recyclables from municipal solid waste is reviewed for better perspective. The material and value stream are summarized for understanding the potential direction of waste and recyclables. The stakeholder for recyclables collection and recycling is identified and their roles are analyzed. Situation of recycling enterprises is introduced. Finally, some comments for promoting recycling industry development are made for reference.

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