scholarly journals Differential Effects of Transgenerational Plasticity on Morphological and Photosynthetic Properties Between an Invasive Plant and Its Congeneric Native One

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Xiao ◽  
Linxuan He ◽  
Xiaomei Zhang ◽  
Yu Jin ◽  
Jinsong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
High Light ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Transgenerational Plasticity ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Photosynthetic Properties

Abstract Transgenerational plasticity allows offsprings to be more adaptive in the environmental conditions experienced by their parents. It is suggested that differential effects of transgenerational plasticity on growth performance of offspring ramets may help to understand successful invasion of invasive plant with clonal growth comparing with its congeneric native one. A pot experiment using invasive herb Wedelia trilobata and its congeneric native species Wedelia chinensis was conducted to investigate differential effects of high/low light treatment experienced by mother ramets on morphological and photosynthetic properties of offspring ramets subjected to stressful low light treatment. For W. chinensis, stolon length and maximum carboxylation rate (Vmax) in offspring ramets from mother ramets subjected to low light treatment were significantly greater than those in offspring ramets from mother ramets subjected to high light treatment. For W. trilobata, leaf area and potential maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) in offspring ramets from mother ramets subjected to low light treatment were significantly greater than those in offspring ramets from mother ramets subjected to high light treatment. We tentatively concluded that effects of transgenerational plasticity on morphological and photosynthetic properties among clonal plants could be species-specific. In addition, more favorable effect of transgenerational plasticity on growth performance was observed in the invasive plant than in its congeneric native species. It is suggested that transgenerational plasticity may be very important for successful invasion of invasive plant with clonal growth, especially in maternal environmental conditions. So, our experiment provides new insight into invasive mechanism of invasive plants.

scholarly journals Effects of alkalinity and salinity at low and high light intensity on hydrogen isotope fractionation of long-chain alkenones produced by <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i>

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 5693-5704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella M. Weiss ◽  
Eva Y. Pfannerstill ◽  
Stefan Schouten ◽  
Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté ◽  
Marcel T. J. van der Meer
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract. Over the last decade, hydrogen isotopes of long-chain alkenones have been shown to be a promising proxy for reconstructing paleo sea surface salinity due to a strong hydrogen isotope fractionation response to salinity across different environmental conditions. However, to date, the decoupling of the effects of alkalinity and salinity, parameters that co-vary in the surface ocean, on hydrogen isotope fractionation of alkenones has not been assessed. Furthermore, as the alkenone-producing haptophyte, Emiliania huxleyi, is known to grow in large blooms under high light intensities, the effect of salinity on hydrogen isotope fractionation under these high irradiances is important to constrain before using δDC37 to reconstruct paleosalinity. Batch cultures of the marine haptophyte E. huxleyi strain CCMP 1516 were grown to investigate the hydrogen isotope fractionation response to salinity at high light intensity and independently assess the effects of salinity and alkalinity under low-light conditions. Our results suggest that alkalinity does not significantly influence hydrogen isotope fractionation of alkenones, but salinity does have a strong effect. Additionally, no significant difference was observed between the fractionation responses to salinity recorded in alkenones grown under both high- and low-light conditions. Comparison with previous studies suggests that the fractionation response to salinity in culture is similar under different environmental conditions, strengthening the use of hydrogen isotope fractionation as a paleosalinity proxy.

Effect of Monochromatic Green LED Light Stimuli During Incubation on Embryo Growth, Hatching Performance, and Hormone Levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Yu ◽  
Zhanming Li ◽  
Zhengtao Zhong ◽  
Shufang Jin ◽  
Jinming Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
High Light ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Dark Treatment ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Green Led ◽  
Serum Hormone ◽  
Light Stimuli

Abstract. Previous research indicated improvement of incubation by light stimuli. However, the light source arrangement, usually with irradiation from top to bottom, was inconvenient and high in cost. Among the different light colors, the effects of green LED light stimuli during embryo development were inconclusive. In this study, two LED lamps were installed on both sides of egg trays, and the irradiation was directed from the edges to the middle. The effect of green LED light with various light intensities was investigated. A total of 1408 broiler eggs were randomly allocated to high light (300 lx), middle light (150 lx), low light (50 lx), and dark treatments with four replicates. Embryo weight, body length, organ weight, hatching performance, and serum hormone levels were tested. The results indicated that incubation of the broiler eggs under an appropriate light intensity (low light treatment, 50 lx) of green light significantly increased embryo weight, body length, and hatchability (p &lt; 0.001). According to the serum hormone tests, only the low light treatment significantly increased the thyroxine (T4) levels of the chicks (p &lt; 0.05) at hatching, but the middle and high light treatments slightly decreased the T4 and testosterone (TES) levels of the chicks compared with the dark treatment. Moreover, peak hatching time occurred 12 h earlier in the light treatments compared with the dark treatment. In conclusion, an appropriate light intensity (low light treatment, 50 lx) of LED green light improved embryo growth and hatching performance, but excessive light intensity reduced the positive effects or even produced slight negative effects on the T4 and TES levels of chicks at hatching. Keywords: Embryo, Growth, Hatching performance, Hormone, Monochrome green light.

scholarly journals Defoliation Significantly Suppressed Plant Growth Under Low Light Conditions in Two Leguminosae Species

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Wang ◽  
Tianyu Ji ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Kulihong Sairebieli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
High Light ◽  
Herbivorous Insects ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Low Light

Seedlings in regenerating layer are frequently attacked by herbivorous insects, while the combined effects of defoliation and shading are not fully understood. In the present study, two Leguminosae species (Robinia pseudoacacia and Amorpha fruticosa) were selected to study their responses to combined light and defoliation treatments. In a greenhouse experiment, light treatments (L+, 88% vs L−, 8% full sunlight) and defoliation treatments (CK, without defoliation vs DE, defoliation 50% of the upper crown) were applied at the same time. The seedlings’ physiological and growth traits were determined at 1, 10, 30, and 70 days after the combined treatment. Our results showed that the effects of defoliation on growth and carbon allocation under high light treatments in both species were mainly concentrated in the early stage (days 1–10). R. pseudoacacia can achieve growth recovery within 10 days after defoliation, while A. fruticosa needs 30 days. Seedlings increased SLA and total chlorophyll concentration to improve light capture efficiency under low light treatments in both species, at the expense of reduced leaf thickness and leaf lignin concentration. The negative effects of defoliation treatment on plant growth and non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) concentration in low light treatment were significantly higher than that in high light treatment after recovery for 70 days in R. pseudoacacia, suggesting sufficient production of carbohydrate would be crucial for seedling growth after defoliation. Plant growth was more sensitive to defoliation and low light stress than photosynthesis, resulting in NSCs accumulating during the early period of treatment. These results illustrated that although seedlings could adjust their resource allocation strategy and carbon dynamics in response to combined defoliation and light treatments, individuals grown in low light conditions will be more suppressed by defoliation. Our results indicate that we should pay more attention to understory seedlings’ regeneration under the pressure of herbivorous insects.

Effects of lincomycin on PSII efficiency, non-photochemical quenching, D1 protein and xanthophyll cycle during photoinhibition and recovery

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Mueh Bachmann ◽  
Volker Ebbert ◽  
William W. Adams III ◽  
Amy S. Verhoeven ◽  
Barry A. Logan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle ◽  
D1 Protein ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
High Light ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Psii Efficiency ◽  
High Light Treatment ◽  
Thermal Energy Dissipation

Leaves of Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. (Virginia creeper) were treated with lincomycin (an inhibitor of chloroplast-encoded protein synthesis), subjected to a high-light treatment and allowed to recover in low light. While lincomycin-treated leaves had similar characteristics as controls after a 1 h exposure to high light, total D1 levels in lincomycin-treated leaves were half those in controls at the end of the recovery period. In addition, lincomycin delayed recovery of maximal PSII efficiency of open centers (ratio of variable to maximal chlorophyll fluorescence, F v / F m) and of estimated PSII photochemistry rate upon return to low light subsequent to the high-light treatment. Furthermore, lincomycin treatment slowed the removal of zeaxanthin (Z) and antheraxanthin (A) during recovery in low light, and the level of thermal energy dissipation (non-photochemical fluorescence quenching, NPQ) remained elevated. In lincomycin-treated leaves infiltrated with the uncoupler nigericin immediately after high-light exposure, thermal energy dissipation, sustained with lincomycin alone, declined quickly to control levels. In summary, lincomycin treatment affected not only D1 protein turnover but also xanthophyll-cycle operation and thermal-energy dissipation. The latter effect was apparently a result of the maintenance of a high trans-thylakoid proton gradient. Similar effects were also seen subsequent to short-term exposures to high light in lincomycin-treated Spinacia oleracea L. (spinach) leaves. In contrast, lincomycin treatments under low-light levels did not induce Z formation or NPQ. These results suggest that lincomycin has the potential to lower PSII efficiency (F v / F m) through inhibition of NPQ relaxation and Z + A removal subsequent to high-light exposures.

scholarly journals Clonal growth strategies of Reynoutria japonica in response to light, shade, and mowing, and perspectives for management

NeoBiota ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 89-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
François-Marie Martin ◽  
Fanny Dommanget ◽  
François Lavallée ◽  
André Evette
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Japanese Knotweed ◽  
Reynoutria Japonica ◽  
Habitat Patches

Many of the most invasive plant species in the world can propagate clonally, suggesting clonality offers advantages that facilitate invasion. Gaining insights into the clonal growth dynamics of invasive plants should thus improve understanding of the mechanisms of their dominance, resilience and expansion. Belonging to the shortlist of the most problematic terrestrial invaders, Reynoutria japonica var. japonica Houtt. (Japanese knotweed) has colonized all five continents, likely facilitated by its impressive ability to propagate vegetatively. However, its clonal growth patterns are surprisingly understudied; we still do not know how individuals respond to key environmental conditions, including light availability and disturbance. To contribute to filling this knowledge gap, we designed a mesocosm experiment to observe the morphological variation in R. japonica growth in homogeneous or heterogeneous conditions of light stress (shade) and disturbance (mowing). Rhizome fragments were planted in the middle of large pots between two habitat patches that consisted of either one or a combination of the following three environmental conditions: full light without mowing, full light with frequent mowing, or shade without mowing. At the end of the experiment, biomass and traits related to clonal growth (spacer and rhizome lengths, number of rhizome branches, and number of ramets) were measured. After 14 months, all individuals had survived, even those frequently mowed or growing under heavy shade. We showed that R. japonica adopts a ‘phalanx’ growth form when growing in full light and a ‘guerrilla’ form when entirely shaded. The former is characteristic of a space-occupancy strategy while the latter is more associated with a foraging strategy. In heterogeneous conditions, we also showed that clones seemed to invest preferentially more in favorable habitat patches rather than in unfavorable ones (mowed or shaded), possibly exhibiting an escape strategy. These observations could improve the management of this species, specifically by illustrating how aggressive early control measures must be, by highlighting the importance of repeated mowing of entire stands, as this plant appears to compensate readily to partial mowing, and by informing on its potential responses towards the restoration of a cover of competitive native plants.

scholarly journals Light Conditions Affect NaCl-Induced Physiological Responses in a Clonal Plant Species Hydrocotyle vulgaris

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-343
Author(s):  
Ineta Samsone ◽  
Una Andersone-Ozola ◽  
Andis Karlsons ◽  
Gederts Ievinsh
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Clonal Plant ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
High Light ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Low Light

Abstract In order to understand if differences in light conditions can affect responses of a clonal plant species to increased soil salinity, the long-term effect of two substrate concentrations of NaCl on leaf growth, clonal plasticity and oxidative enzyme (peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) activity in Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. plants grown at low, moderate and high light conditions was studied. H. vulgaris appeared to be a shade-tolerant species, since both leaf blade and petiole growth was inhibited at low light intensity. At low light intensity, H. vulgaris plants represented characteristics of halophytes with significant stimulation of leaf blade and petiole growth by NaCl, especially at low concentration. Secondary clonal growth was stimulated by increased salinity in low light and, for 25 mM NaCl treatment, even in moderate light. There was more than a five-fold increase of peroxidase activity by 100 mM NaCl treatment in high light conditions, in comparison to two-fold and four-fold increase in low and moderate light, respectively. The existence of different endogenous control mechanisms during H. vulgaris response to light and NaCl at the level of leaf growth, clonal growth and oxidative metabolism could be proposed. The possible ecological meaning of the presented results is discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Micro-habitat and season dependent impact of the invasive Impatiens glandulifera on native vegetation

NeoBiota ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 109-131
Author(s):  
Judith Bieberich ◽  
Heike Feldhaar ◽  
Marianne Lauerer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Context Dependency ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera ◽  
The Impact

The impact of invasive species is often difficult to assess due to species × ecosystem interactions. Impatiens glandulifera heavily invaded several habitat types in Central Europe but its impact on native plant communities is rated ambiguously. One reason could be that the impact differs between habitat types or even between environmentally heterogeneous patches (micro-habitats) within one habitat type. In the present study a vegetation survey was performed within heterogeneous riverside habitats in Germany investigating the impact of I. glandulifera on native vegetation in dependence of environmental conditions. The vegetation was recorded in summer and spring because of seasonal species turnover and thus potentially different impact of the invasive plant. We found that the cover of I. glandulifera depended on environmental conditions resulting in a patchy occurrence. I. glandulifera did not have any impact on plant alpha-diversity but reduced the cover of the native vegetation, especially of the dominant species. This effect depended on micro-habitat and season. The native vegetation was most affected in bright micro-habitats, especially those with a high soil moisture. Not distinguishing between micro-habitats, plant species composition was not affected in summer but in spring. However, environmental conditions had a higher impact on the native vegetation than I. glandulifera. We conclude that within riparian habitats the threat of I. glandulifera to the native vegetation can be rated low since native species were reduced in cover but not excluded from the communities. This might be due to patchy occurrence and year-to-year changes in cover of I. glandulifera. The context-dependency in terms of micro-habitat and season requires specific risk assessments which is also an opportunity for nature conservation to develop management plans specific to the different habitats. Particular attention should be given to habitats that are bright and very wet since the effect of I. glandulifera was strongest in these habitats.

scholarly journals Ecophysiological, morphological, and biochemical traits of free-living Diplosphaera chodatii (Trebouxiophyceae) reveal adaptation to harsh environmental conditions

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Medwed ◽  
Andreas Holzinger ◽  
Stefanie Hofer ◽  
Anja Hartmann ◽  
Dirk Michalik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Light Requirements ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Excellent Preservation

AbstractSingle-celled green algae within the Trebouxiophyceae (Chlorophyta) are typical components of terrestrial habitats, which often exhibit harsh environmental conditions for these microorganisms. This study provides a detailed overview of the ecophysiological, biochemical, and ultrastructural traits of an alga living on tree bark. The alga was isolated from a cypress tree in the Botanical Garden of Innsbruck (Austria) and identified by morphology and molecular phylogeny as Diplosphaera chodatii. Transmission electron microscopy after high-pressure freezing (HPF) showed an excellent preservation of the ultrastructure. The cell wall was bilayered with a smooth inner layer and an outer layer of polysaccharides with a fuzzy hair-like appearance that could possibly act as cell-cell adhesion mechanism and hence as a structural precursor supporting biofilm formation together with the mucilage observed occasionally. The photosynthetic-irradiance curves of D. chodatii indicated low light requirements without photoinhibition at high photon flux densities (1580 μmol photons m−2 s−1) supported by growth rate measurements. D. chodatii showed a high desiccation tolerance, as 85% of its initial value was recovered after controlled desiccation at a relative humidity of ~10%. The alga contained the low molecular weight carbohydrates sucrose and sorbitol, which probably act as protective compounds against desiccation. In addition, a new but chemically not elucidated mycosporine-like amino acid was detected with a molecular mass of 332 g mol−1 and an absorption maximum of 324 nm. The presented data provide various traits which contribute to a better understanding of the adaptive mechanisms of D. chodatii to terrestrial habitats.

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