Association of Health Status and Smoking Behaviors with SARS-CoV-2 Positivity Rates

Abstract Background Much of what is known about COVID-19 risk factors comes from patients with serious symptoms who test positive. While risk factors for hospitalization or death include chronic conditions and smoking; less is known about how health status or tobacco use is associated with risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among individuals who do not present clinically. Methods Two community-based population samples (including individuals randomly and nonrandomly selected for statewide testing, n= 8,214) underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing in nonclinical settings. Each participant was tested for current (viral PCR) and past (antibody) infection in April or June of 2020. Before testing, participants provided demographic information and self-reported health status and tobacco behaviors (smoking, chewing, vaping/e-cigarettes). Using descriptive statistics and a bivariate logistic regression model, we examined the association between health status and use of tobacco with SARS-CoV-2 positivity on either PCR or antibody tests.Results Compared to people with self-identified “excellent” or very good health status, those reporting “good” or “fair” health status had a higher risk of past or current infections. Positive smoking status was inversely associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Chewing tobacco was associated with infection and the use of vaping/e-cigarettes was not associated with infection. Conclusions In a statewide, community-based population drawn for seroprevalence studies, we find that overall health status is associated with infection rates. Unlike in studies of COVID-19 patients, smoking status was inversely associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity. More research is needed to further understand the nature of this relationship.

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Association of Health Status and Nicotine Consumption with SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11867-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thomas J. Duszynski ◽

William Fadel ◽

Kara K. Wools-Kaloustian ◽

Brian E. Dixon ◽

Constantin Yiannoutsos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Status ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Good Health ◽

Community Based ◽

Chewing Tobacco ◽

Statewide Testing ◽

Bivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Nicotine Consumption ◽

Self Reported Health Status

Abstract Background Much of what is known about COVID-19 risk factors comes from patients with serious symptoms who test positive. While risk factors for hospitalization or death include chronic conditions and smoking; less is known about how health status or nicotine consumption is associated with risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among individuals who do not present clinically. Methods Two community-based population samples (including individuals randomly and nonrandomly selected for statewide testing, n = 8214) underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing in nonclinical settings. Each participant was tested for current (viral PCR) and past (antibody) infection in either April or June of 2020. Before testing, participants provided demographic information and self-reported health status and nicotine and tobacco behaviors (smoking, chewing, vaping/e-cigarettes). Using descriptive statistics and a bivariate logistic regression model, we examined the association between health status and use of tobacco or nicotine with SARS-CoV-2 positivity on either PCR or antibody tests. Results Compared to people with self-identified “excellent” or very good health status, those reporting “good” or “fair” health status had a higher risk of past or current infections. Positive smoking status was inversely associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Chewing tobacco was associated with infection and the use of vaping/e-cigarettes was not associated with infection. Conclusions In a statewide, community-based population drawn for SARS-CoV-2 testing, we find that overall health status was associated with infection rates. Unlike in studies of COVID-19 patients, smoking status was inversely associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity. More research is needed to further understand the nature of this relationship.

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Prevalence of Demodectic Mange in Canines of Kathmandu Valley having Skin Disorder and Its Associated Risk Factors

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v3i3.13218 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 459-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Denusha Shrestha ◽

Balaram Thapa ◽

Gaurav Rawal ◽

Santosh Dhakal ◽

Bishwas Sharma

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Status ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Skin Infection ◽

Good Health ◽

Kathmandu Valley ◽

Significant Relation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Microscopic Diagnosis

Very little information is available regarding the demographics of the demodicosis in canines of Kathmandu valley and in Nepal as a whole. In this study, we determined the prevalence of the demodicosis and its associated risk factors from 110 canines of Kathmandu valley including both sheltered and free-roaming. The skin scrapping collected was dissolved in 10% KOH for the microscopic diagnosis of the mites. The overall prevalence of demodectic mange was found to be 29.1%. There was significant difference (p<0.05) between the prevalence rate among puppy (49.0%), adult (6.9%) and senior (33.33%). Whereas, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the prevalence rate among female (22.9%) and male (36.7%). Similarly, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the prevalence rate among short hair (40.7%), medium (25.67%) and long hair (28.5%). The association between the prevalence rate among good health status (10.7%) and poor health status (55.5%) is significant (p<0.05). Similarly, there was significant difference (p<0.05) between the prevalence rate among the free-roaming (48.9%) and the owned dogs (13.1%). At last, there was no significant association (p>0.05) between the prevalence rate among the pure breed (27.7%), cross (25.9%) and mongrel (37.5%). This study shows that demodectic mange is somewhat serious skin infection in canines of Kathmandu valley. The high significant association of age, health status and management with its prevalence suggests that the disease is more common in dogs which are left uncared and whose immune system is disturbed. Whereas, sex, breed and type of the hair of the dog did not have such significant relation with its prevalence. As demodicosis is a huge problem in street dogs, concerned organizations and authorities should develop proper planning for street dog management and their health care. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 459-463

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Fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em sacerdotes

Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line ◽

10.5205/1981-8963-v13i3a236336p640-646-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 640

Author(s):

Crhistiane De Alencar Oliveira ◽

Huana Carolina Cândido Morais ◽

Igor Cordeiro Mendes ◽

Ana Karollaine da Silva ◽

Samia Jardelle Costa de Freitas Maniva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Status ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Good Health ◽

Modifiable Risk Factors ◽

Catholic Priests ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Susceptible Population ◽

Factores De Riesgo

RESUMOObjetivo: verificar os fatores de risco modificáveis para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em sacerdotes católicos. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal, realizado com 47 sacerdotes católicos, com utilização de um questionário, realizada a análise estatística descritiva e inferencial e os resultados apresentados em tabelas. Resultados: verificou-se que os participantes apresentaram média de 44,21 anos de idade, em sua maioria de raça branca, com bom estado de saúde referido e alguns possuíam doenças crônicas. Consumiam alimentos protetores (feijão, frutas, verduras e legumes) em quantidade insuficiente, e pequenas quantidades de alimentos prejudiciais (carne com gordura ou frango com pele, refrigerantes e doces). Não usavam protetor solar. Praticavam atividade física, não fumavam e pouco consumiam álcool. Possuir doença crônica esteve associado significativamente ao etilismo, consumo de feijão, frutas, verduras e legumes. Ainda, o consumo de doces esteve associado ao peso, e o uso de protetor solar à percepção do estado de saúde. Conclusão: identificaram-se fatores de risco modificáveis nos participantes investigados. Portanto, mostram-se como uma população suscetível e faz-se necessária uma maior atenção da enfermagem para a prevenção de agravos. Descritores: Doença Crônica; Fatores de Risco; Religiosos; Enfermagem. ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the modifiable risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in Catholic priests. Method: a quantitative, cross-sectional study conducted with 47 Catholic priests with the use of a questionnaire, carried out descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, and the results presented in tables. Results: found that the participants were in an average age of 44.21, of the white race, with good health status referred to and some had chronic diseases. Ingesting protective foods (beans, fruits and vegetables) in insufficient quantity and small quantities of harmful foods (meat with fat or chicken with skin, soft drinks and sweets). Did not use sunscreen. Practiced physical activity, not smoked and few drank alcohol. Have chronic disease was significantly associated to alcoholism, consumption of beans, fruits and vegetables. The consumption of sweets was associated to the weight, and the use of sunscreen to the perception of health status. Conclusion: there were identified modifiable risk factors in the participants. Therefore, show as a susceptible population and it is necessary a greater attention from nursing for disease prevention. Descriptors: Chronic Diseases; Risk Factors; Religious People; Nursing. RESUMEN Objetivo: verificar los factores de riesgo modificables para las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en los sacerdotes católicos. Método: un estudio cuantitativo y transversal realizado con 47 sacerdotes católicos con el uso de un cuestionario. Realizó se un análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial, los resultados se presentaron en tablas. Resultados: se encontró que los participantes tenían una media de 44.21 años, de la raza blanca, con buen estado de salud y algunos tenían enfermedades crónicas. Ingerir los alimentos protectores (frijoles, frutas, verduras y legumbres) en cantidad insuficiente, y pequeñas cantidades de alimentos nocivos (carne con grasa o el pollo con piel, refrescos y dulces). No uso de bloqueador solar. Practica de actividad física, no fumaban y pocos bebían alcohol. Tener enfermedad crónica fue asociado con el alcoholismo, el consumo de frijoles, frutas, verduras y legumbres. Sin embargo, el consumo de golosinas se asoció con el peso, y el uso de protector solar con el estado de salud. Conclusiones: identificaron los factores de riesgo modificables en los participantes. Por lo tanto, muéstrense como una población vulnerable y es necesario una mayor atención de enfermería para la prevención de enfermedades. Descriptores: Enfermedad Crónica; Factores de Riesgo; Personas Religiosas; Enfermería.

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Prevalence of hypertension and its modifiable risk factors among rural population aged ≥13 years

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 2718

Author(s):

S. P. Singh ◽

Chitra Rani Chauhan ◽

Vijayshree Verma

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Population ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Myocardial Infarctions ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chewing Tobacco ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Rural And Urban

Background: Hypertension is a silent physiological ailment leading to bizarre pathological complications. Every year, some 12 million fatal and 20 million nonfatal strokes and myocardial infarctions occur worldwide (WHO, 2002). Prevalence was noted between rural and urban parts of India 27.6% (23.2-32.0) and 33.8% (29.7-37.8).Methods: Study design community-based cross-sectional study. Sampling technique multistage random sampling technique was used to select representative sample from rural population of Kanpur.Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in our study was found to be 21.27%, more among females 23.2% than males 19.7%. The results of logistic regression analysis with HTN status as dependent variable, to identify the effects of 6 risk factors (independent variables) for hypertension body mass index (BMI), grade of work, excess salt consumption, mental stress, smoking/chewing tobacco, alcohol intake. The odds ratio was 3.57 for the BMI with lower limit of 95% C.I. being 2.73, implying that it’s at least 2.73 times related to hypertension and odds of other risk factors shows that all the 6 risk factors related statistically. There was significant correlation was found between BMI, blood pressure (BP) and age. There was signiﬁcance (p<0.01) of positive correlation BMI with both systolic and diastolic BP with correlation coefficient (0.395) was stronger than diastolic BP (0.301). Conclusions: Overall prevalence of hypertension was 21.3%. Smoking, tobacco chewing increases the prevalence and Quantity of alcohol consumption were seemed to pose definite impact on mean systolic BP. BP levels increases steadily with increasing BMI and with decreasing level of physical activity (sedentary lifestyle).

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Területi egyenlőtlenségek hosszú idősoros elemzése a várandós nők egészségi állapotát vizsgálva

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/650.2017.30799 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 158 (29) ◽

pp. 1131-1142

Author(s):

Ágota Moravcsik-Kornyicki ◽

Zsigmond Kósa ◽

Anikó Gyulai ◽

Renáta Jávorné Erdei ◽

Karolina Kósa

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Good Health ◽

Special Care ◽

Annual Reports ◽

District Nurse ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

District Nurses ◽

Care Information

Abstract: Introduction: Monitoring the health status of populations is essential for good health policy decisions. This is particularly true in maternal and child health where targeted and timely interventions may have long-term consequences. Aim: Our objective was to describe changes in the health status of pregnant women at the national and county level during the period of 1997–2012. Method: Data were extracted from the mandatory annual reports of district nurses responsible for primary maternal care. Information on the smoking status of expecting mothers, special care during pregnancy, pregnant women entering into maternity care after 28 weeks of pregnancy, borne woman without district nurse care were analysed using Microsoft Excel and STATA 13.0. Results: The mean prevalence of smoking was 13.8% among pregnant women during the investigation period. The ratio of smoking pregnant women was higher (p<0.01) in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Nógrád, Heves, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg, and Somogy counties. The ratio of pregnants requiring special care was higher (p<0.01) than the national average in Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and Nógrád counties. More, than 1% of the pregnant women entered into care only after the 28th week of the pregnancy. Women who were registered by district nurses and gave birth less than 1% did not participate in pregnant nursing. Conclusion: National data hide significant regional disparities within the country which should be amended by targeted interventions, taking into account the large regional inequalities in the country. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(29): 1131–1142.

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Time‐Varying Depressive Symptoms and Cardiovascular and All‐Cause Mortality: Does the Risk Vary by Age or Sex?

Journal of the American Heart Association ◽

10.1161/jaha.120.016661 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (19) ◽

Author(s):

Kelsey B. Bryant ◽

Deanna P. Jannat‐Khah ◽

Talea Cornelius ◽

Yulia Khodneva ◽

Joshua Richman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Health Status ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Good Health ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Time Varying ◽

Reported Health ◽

Self Reported Health Status ◽

Age And Sex ◽

Cvd Mortality

Background Depressive symptoms are associated with mortality. Data regarding moderation of this effect by age and sex are inconsistent, however. We aimed to identify whether age and sex modify the association between depressive symptoms and all‐cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Methods and Results The REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study is a prospective cohort of Black and White individuals recruited between 2003 and 2007. Associations between time‐varying depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale score ≥4 versus <4) and all‐cause and CVD mortality were measured using Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for demographic and clinical risk factors. All results were stratified by age or sex and by self‐reported health status. Of 29 491 participants, 3253 (11%) had baseline elevated depressive symptoms. Mean age was 65 (9.4) years, with 55.1% of participants female, 41.1% Black, and 46.4% had excellent/very good health. Depressive symptoms were measured at baseline, on average 4.9 (SD, 1.5), then 2.1 (SD, 0.4) years later. Neither age nor sex moderated the association between elevated time‐varying depressive symptoms and all‐cause or CVD mortality (all‐cause: age 45–64 years adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.38; 95% CI, 1.18–1.61 versus age ≥65 years aHR,1.36; 95% CI, 1.23–1.50; P =0.05; CVD: age 45–64 years aHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.90–1.53 versus age ≥65 years aHR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.06–1.50; P =0.54; all‐cause: males aHR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.29–1.64 versus female aHR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.19–1.50; P =0.35; CVD: male aHR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.08–1.62 versus female aHR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.00–1.47; P =0.64). Similar results were observed when stratified by self‐reported health status. Conclusions Depressive symptoms confer mortality risk regardless of age and sex, including individuals who report excellent/very good health.

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