scholarly journals Semi-Markov Modelling of HIV/AIDS Disease Progression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilahun Asena ◽  
Ayele Goshu ◽  
Mebratu Senbeta ◽  
Derbachew Teni
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Waiting Time Distribution ◽  
Body Mass Index Increase ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to be the main challenge in the world. According to United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) reports of 2013, 35 million people were living with HIV worldwide, with 2.1 million new infections and with 1.5 million deaths occurred each year. Among these, 24.7 million lived in sub-Saharan Africa with 1.5 million new infections and 1.1 million AIDS deaths.Method: The main objective of this study is finding factors affecting HIV/AIDS disease progression. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of factors on HIV/AIDS disease progression. Patient follow-up data is obtained at Yirgalim General Hospital. A sample of 370 Patient data from a follow-up cohort is obtained at Yirgalim General Hospital. Multivariate generalized hazard regression model was employed to investigate the disease progression using both time independent and time dependent covariates. Result: The study revealed that the risk of transition differs by patient's body mass index. Increase in the body mass index reduces the risk of transiting into the next worst states. The effects of sex, weight, age and body mass index of patients are significantly associated with AIDS disease progression. The risk of transition differs by patient's body mass index. Increase in the body mass index reduces the risk of transiting into the next worst states. The effect of sex, weight, age and body mass index of patients are significantly associated with AIDS disease progression. The results further revealed that the semi-Markov model with Weibull waiting time distribution has smaller log likelihood and AIC values compared to a semi-Markov model with exponential waiting time distribution.Conclusion: Transition probabilities are highly dependent on the choice of waiting times. We recommend that while choosing waiting time distributions for semi-Marko models one should consider appropriate distributions as waiting time distribution effect have a significant change on the estimated model parameters. In addition, this study recommends that concerned bodies should look at deferent contributing factors of AIDS diseases progression in addition to the ART services administered for slowing the current level of high diseased population in the country.

scholarly journals Outcome of breast cancer patients regarding obesity and complications: Analysis of risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Iuliana Pantelimon ◽  
◽  
Laurentia Nicoleta Gales ◽  
Maria Daniela Tanasescu ◽  
Irina Nita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Her2 Overexpression ◽  
Type Ii

Introduction. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Romania. In the context in which the treatments available for this pathology have increased curability, the identification of negative prognostic factors involved in the evolution of this disease seems essential to improve the overall survival as well as the time to disease progression. Aim. The aim of this study is to identify the role of prognostic factors such as ki67 proliferation index, the presence of tumour estrogen receptors, HER2 overexpression, the presence of secondary determinations at diagnosis, the association of obesity and type II diabetes. Methods. 50 patients diagnosed with breast cancer treated in the Elias University Emergency Hospital Bucharest were retrospectively followed, for which the progression was documented at the time of elaboration of this study. Thus, a database was developed in which data were entered on age, body mass index, immunohistochemical characteristics of breast tumours, the presence/absence of metastases at diagnosis and the association of type II diabetes. Statistical calculations were performed to highlight a possible correlation between obesity (quantified by measuring body mass index) and tumour aggressiveness (quantified by ki67 proliferation index) as well as statistical evaluation of potential prognostic factors that would influence time, until the disease progresses. Results. Within this group, no correlation could be established between the presence of an increased body mass index and the value of the ki67 proliferation index (p = 0.38). The mean value of the body mass index for this group of unselected patients was 28.76 ± 4.81 (DS) most patients are therefore overweight or obese. The factors involved in the evolution of breast cancer that influenced the early progression of the disease were: the proliferation index ki67 (p <0.05), the presence of metastases at diagnosis (p < 0.0001) and the association of type II diabetes (p = 0.0085). The value of the body mass index did not influence the time to disease progression according to statistical calculations in this group probably due to the small number of normal weight patients included (p = 0.34).

scholarly journals MEDIUM-TERM FOLLOW-UP RESULTS WITH LAPAROSCOPIC SLEEVE GASTRECTOMY

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almino Cardoso RAMOS ◽  
Eduardo Lemos de Souza BASTOS ◽  
Manoela Galvão RAMOS ◽  
Nestor Tadashi Suguitani BERTIN ◽  
Thales Delmondes GALVÃO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Orthopedic Diseases

Background : The indications for sleeve gastrectomy in the surgical treatment of morbid obesity have increased worldwide. Despite this, several aspects related to results at medium and long term remain in constant research. Aim : To present the experience of sleeve gastrectomy in a center of excellence in bariatric surgery by analyzing clinical outcomes, complications and follow-up in the medium term. Methods : The study included 120 morbidly obese patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy and who were followed for at least 24 months. Aspects related to surgical technique, surgical complications and clinical outcome were analyzed. Results : Seventy-five patients were women (62.5%) and the average age was 36 years. The body mass index preoperatively ranged from 35.5 to 58 kg/m2(average of 40.2 kg/m2). The length of stay ranged from 1 to 4 days (mean 2.1 days). Comorbidities observed were hypertension (19%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (6.6%), dyslipidemia (7.5%), sleep apnea (16.6%), reflux esophagitis (10%) and orthopedic diseases (7.5%). The mean body mass index and total weight loss percentage with 3, 12, 18 and 24 months were 32.2 kg/m2-19,9%; 29.5 kg/m2-26,5%; 28.2 kg/m2-30,3% and 26.9 kg/m2-32,7%, respectively. Remission of diabetes and dyslipidemia occurred in all patients. In relation to hypertension, there was improvement or remission in 86%. There were only two complications (bronchial pneumonia and dehydration), with good response to clinical treatment. There was no evidence digestive fistula and mortality was zero. Eleven patients (9.1%) had regained weighing more than 5 kg. Conclusion : The sleeve gastrectomy is surgical technique that has proven safe and effective in the surgical treatment of obesity and control of their comorbidities in postoperative follow-up for two years.

scholarly journals Changes in nutritional status in adolescents surviving leukemia and lymphoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy Hannah Sanini BELIN ◽  
Márjory de Camillis BUENO ◽  
Luciane Beitler DA CRUZ ◽  
Simone Geiger de Almeida SELISTRE ◽  
Estela Beatriz BEHLING
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Oncological Treatment ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Leukemias And Lymphomas

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the changes in the nutritional status of adolescents aged 10-19 years after a minimum 12 months interval following oncological treatment for leukemias and lymphomas. Methods Longitudinal design quantitative study conducted at Hospital de Clínicas, Porto Alegre. Adolescents aged 10-19 years after a minimum 12 months interval following oncological treatment for leukemias and lymphomas were included. The measures of weight, height, brachial circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, arm muscle circumference and abdominal circumference were collected. Results The sample comprised 50 adolescents who had survived leukemias and lymphomas. In the follow up 38% of the patients were classified as overweight according to the body mass index for their age. There was a significant increase in body mass index for age between the beginning and the end of treatment and follow up (p=0.013) in female individuals, compared to males. The results indicate a reduction in the Z-score means of height for age, with significant differences between the beginning of treatment and follow up (p=0.016); and end of treatment and follow up (p=0.006) in patients of both genders Conclusion The anthropometric indicators show an important frequency of excess weight and increased tricipital skinfold, as well as a significant increase of the body mass index for age and also a growth deficit among the survivors.

Body weight in acute anorexia nervosa and at follow-up assessed with percentiles for the body mass index: Implications of a low body weight at referral

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Hebebrand ◽  
G�nther W. Himmelmann ◽  
Christoph Wewetzer ◽  
Cornelius Gutenbrunner ◽  
Helmut Heseker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body

191: Does the Body Mass Index Affect the Outcome Following Reconstruction of Orthotopic Neobladder?

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 64-64
Author(s):  
Murugesan Manoharan ◽  
Martha A. Reyes ◽  
Alan M. Nieder ◽  
Bruce R. Kava ◽  
MarkS Soloway
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Orthotopic Neobladder

EFFECT OF BODY MASS INDEX ON PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Subramanyam ◽  
Dr. P. Subhash Babu
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Group B

Obesity has become one of the major health issues in India. WHO defines obesity as “A condition with excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that the health and wellbeing are adversely affected”. Obesity results from a complex interaction of genetic, behavioral, environmental and socioeconomic factors causing an imbalance in energy production and expenditure. Peak expiratory flow rate is the maximum rate of airflow that can be generated during forced expiratory manoeuvre starting from total lung capacity. The simplicity of the method is its main advantage. It is measured by using a standard Wright Peak Flow Meter or mini Wright Meter. The aim of the study is to see the effect of body mass index on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate values in young adults. The place of a study was done tertiary health care centre, in India for the period of 6 months. Study was performed on 80 subjects age group 20 -30 years, categorised as normal weight BMI =18.5 -24.99 kg/m2 and overweight BMI =25-29.99 kg/m2. There were 40 normal weight BMI (Group A) and 40 over weight BMI (Group B). BMI affects PEFR. Increase in BMI decreases PEFR. Early identification of risk individuals prior to the onset of disease is imperative in our developing country. Keywords: BMI, PEFR.

Visual body processing’s associations to Body Mass Index and internalization of societal beauty ideals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Cazzato ◽  
Elizabeth Walters ◽  
Cosimo Urgesi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Configural Processing ◽  
Cultural Ideals ◽  
Beauty Ideals ◽  
Female Bodies ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
Attention To Detail

We examined whether visual processing mechanisms of the body of conspecifics are different in women and men and whether these rely on westernised socio-cultural ideals and body image concerns. Twenty-four women and 24 men performed a visual discrimination task of upright or inverted images of female or male bodies and faces (Experiment 1) and objects (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, both groups of women and men showed comparable abilities in the discrimination of upright and inverted bodies and faces. However, the genders of the human stimuli yielded different effects on participants’ performance, so that male bodies and female faces appeared to be processed less configurally than female bodies and male faces, respectively. Interestingly, altered configural processing for male bodies was significantly predicted by participants’ Body Mass Index (BMI) and their level of internalization of muscularity. Our findings suggest that configural visual processing of bodies and faces in women and men may be linked to a selective attention to detail needed for discriminating salient physical (perhaps sexual) cues of conspecifics. Importantly, BMI and muscularity internalization of beauty ideals may also play a crucial role in this mechanism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document