scholarly journals Epidemiological analysis of 3,219 COVID-19 outbreaks in the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Dressler ◽  
Iris Finci ◽  
Christiane Wagner-Wiening ◽  
Martin Eichner ◽  
Stefan Brockmann
Keyword(s):  
Residence Halls ◽  
Supported Housing ◽  
The State ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
R Program ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Training Schools

Abstract Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has emerged as an unprecedented global crisis challenging health systems. The dynamic nature of the pandemic warrants ongoing characterisation and assessment of outbreak settings to identify groups at greatest risk, to establish early measures to curb transmission. The current analysis aims to assess and characterise SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg. Methods: We analysed all mandatory notified (i.e. laboratory-confirmed) coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreaks from the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg in calendar weeks 18 to 49 (from April 27 to December 06, 2020). We used the following classification for settings: asylum and refugee accommodation, care homes, care facilities, day care child centers, hobby related, hospitality, hospitals, households, other, residence halls, schools, supported housing, training schools, transportation, treatment facilities, and workplace (occupational). We used R program version 3.6.3 for analysis. Results: In the current analysis, 3,219 outbreaks with 22,238 individuals were included. Around 48% of all outbreaks in this period were in household settings and hobby related activities. We observed an exponential increase in the number of notified outbreaks starting around the 41th week with N = 291 outbreaks reported in week 49. We observed an increase in hospitalisations, and mortality associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in care homes after the 40th week. Overall, 70% (500/715) of all deceased persons in outbreaks in the study period were in care homes compared to 4.2% in household settings (30/715). Conclusions: The increase in the number of outbreaks and in the number of cases per outbreak in high-risk settings, specifically in care homes after the 40th week highlights the imperative of controlling transmission in vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals Epidemiological analysis of 3,219 COVID-19 outbreaks in the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Dressler ◽  
Iris Finci ◽  
Christiane Wagner-Wiening ◽  
Martin Eichner ◽  
Stefan O Brockmann
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Supported Housing ◽  
The State ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Care Facilities

Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has emerged as an unprecedented global crisis challenging health systems. This paper aims to assess and characterise SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg to identify groups at greatest risk, to establish early measures to curb transmission. We analysed all mandatory notified (i.e. laboratory-confirmed) coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreaks with more than two cases in Baden-Wuerttemberg from calendar weeks 18–49 (from 27 April to 6 December 2020). We used the following classification for settings: asylum and refugee accommodation, care homes, care facilities, day care child centres, hobby-related, hospitality, hospitals, households, other, residence halls, schools, supported housing, training schools, transportation, treatment facilities and workplace (occupational). We used R program version 3.6.3 for analysis. In our analysis, 3219 outbreaks with 22 238 individuals were included. About 48% were in household and hobby-related settings. Care homes accounted for 9.5% of outbreaks and 21.6% of cases. The median age across all settings was 43 (interquartile range (IQR) 24–63). The median age of cases in care homes was 81 (IQR 56–88). Of all reported cases in care homes, 72.1% were women. Over 30% (466/1511) of hospitalisations were among cases in care homes compared to 17.7% (268/1511) in households. Overall, 70% (500/715) of all deceased persons in outbreaks in the study period were in care homes compared to 4.2% in household settings (30/715). We observed an exponential increase in the number of notified outbreaks starting around the 41st week with N = 291 outbreaks reported in week 49. The median number of cases in outbreaks in care homes and care facilities after the 40th week was 14 (IQR 5–29) and 11 (IQR 5–20), respectively, compared to 3 (IQR 3–5) in households. We observed an increase in hospitalisations, and mortality associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in care homes after the 40th week. We found the care home demographic to be at greatest risk after the 40th week, based on the exponential increase in outbreaks, the number of cases, hospitalisations and mortality trends. Our analysis highlights the necessity of targeted, setting-specific approaches to control transmission in this vulnerable population. Regular screening of staff members and visitors' using rapid antigen point-of-care-tests could be a game-changer in curbing transmission in this setting.

Giardia and Virus Monitoring of Sewage Effluent in the State of Arizona

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan B. Rose ◽  
Ricardo De Leon ◽  
Charles P. Gerba
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
The State ◽  
Sewage Effluent ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Giardia Cysts

Arizona, located in the arid Southwestern United States, is heavily dependent on groundwater. In order to protect this limited resource, wastewater reuse has been implemented. Virus and Giardia monitoring of wastewater used for irrigation has also been initiated as a means for controlling the public's exposure to these pathogens. Treatment facilities must produce wastewater with no detectable Giardia cysts and one virus plaque forming unit (pfu) per 40 liters (L) for unrestricted reuse. For restricted reuse, 125 pfu/40 L is allowed. Methods based on filtration were used to monitor facilities at monthly, quarterly or biannual frequencies. Results after two years of monitoring are presented. All 11 treatment facilities produced water meeting the virus standard of 125 pfu/40 L. Only plants which used sand filtration and disinfection achieved consistent levels of virus below 1 pfu/40 L. Out of 70 samples, 74% contained no detectable viruses. Giardia was detected in 29 to 50% of the samples. Most plants would need to upgrade their treatment in order to meet standards for unrestricted irrigation.

scholarly journals Death Rate Due to COVID-19 in Alzheimer’s Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-541
Author(s):  
Jordi A. Matias-Guiu ◽  
Vanesa Pytel ◽  
Jorge Matías-Guiu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Relevant Factor ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Probability Of Death

We aimed to evaluate the frequency and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We conducted an observational case series. We enrolled 204 patients, 15.2% of whom were diagnosed with COVID-19, and 41.9% of patients with the infection died. Patients with AD were older than patients with FTD (80.36±8.77 versus 72.00±8.35 years old) and had a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (55.8% versus 26.3%). COVID-19 occurred in 7.3% of patients living at home, but 72.0% of those living at care homes. Living in care facilities and diagnosis of AD were independently associated with a higher probability of death. We found that living in care homes is the most relevant factor for an increased risk of COVID-19 infection and death, with AD patients exhibiting a higher risk than those with FTD.

scholarly journals The Management of Hazardous Solid Waste in India: An Overview

Environments ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leelavathy Karthikeyan ◽  
Venkatesan Suresh ◽  
Vignesh Krishnan ◽  
Terry Tudor ◽  
Vedha Varshini
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
The State ◽  
Hazardous Waste Management ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Hazardous Solid Waste ◽  
Adaptive Technologies ◽  
Mega Cities

Due largely to economic development, industrialization, and changing lifestyles, quantity of hazardous waste in India is rising significantly. This is particularly true in mega cities, where populations are large and growing. Due to a range of factors including limitations in governance systems, inadequate treatment facilities, limitations in compliance and regulation, and limited trained and skilled stakeholders, the management of hazardous solid waste in the country is largely ineffective. One exception to this is the State of Gujarat, which has sought to implement a number of strategies to better manage the rising quantities of hazardous solid waste being produced. This article highlights the management of solid waste in the country for an effective mitigation of various hazards. Further, this article focused on adaptive technologies for the hazardous waste management all over the country more specifically in the state of Gujarat.

scholarly journals Improving maternal and child health: a situational analysis of primary health care centres of Sokoto state, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5052
Author(s):  
Aminu U. Kaoje ◽  
Sani Labaran ◽  
Aminu G. Magashi ◽  
Jessica T. Ango
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Nurse Midwife ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
And Child Health

Background: Primary health care facilities constitute the first point of contacts of public with healthcare and form integral part of the country’s health system.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 88 primary care facilities in the State. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the facilities. Federal Ministry of Health integrated supportive supervision tool was adapted for data collection and analysis done using SPSS Version 20.0. The variables were summarised with frequency and percentage and results presented in tables.Results: Almost two-thirds (65%) of the facilities provide 24 hours service coverage for both maternal and child care services. Only 16% of the facilities had medical officers, 12.5% had required number of nurse/midwife while 27% had no single nurse/midwife. With respect to trainings, one third of the facilities had personnel trained on medium and extended lifesaving skills, 20% had a trained staff on emergency obstetrics and newborn care while 61% had no single trained personnel on integrated management of childhood illnesses. A large proportion of the facilities provide maternal services such as focused ANC and delivery but none use partograph to monitor labour. A good number of facilities were lacking basic equipment and medicine supply with about two third of facilities lacking misoprostol and magnesium sulphate, and only 15% had functional DRF.Conclusions: Health resources and the level of service provision in its current form may not lead to a significant improvement in maternal and child health in the state to guarantee universal coverage.

scholarly journals EpidEmiological analysis of congEnital syphilis in thE statE of cEará, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellen Lívia O Catunda ◽  
Igor C Mendes ◽  
Erison T Oliveira ◽  
Elizian B R Bernardo ◽  
Karine C Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
The State ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis

scholarly journals Powstanie krakowskiej Wyższej Szkoły Pedagogicznej i próba jej przyłączenia do Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w 1956 roku

2020 ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Wanda Łuczak
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
The State ◽  
University Curriculum ◽  
Teacher Training College ◽  
Training Schools ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University ◽  
Ministry Of Higher Education ◽  
Second World

Establishment of the National Higher Teacher Training College (WSP) and an attempt to merge it with the Jagiellonian University in 1956 After the Second World War, the Jagiellonian University lost its autonomy and the state authorities destroyed its structures by separating the departments and creating new universities out of them. Independently, in 1946, the National Higher Teacher Training College in Krakow was established. In 1954, it received the right to run a master’s course. The quality of education in WSP was assessed negatively by the Jagiellonian University. In turn, the WSP authoritiesclaimed that their school provided better training for future teachers. At the beginning of the 1950s, some reservations were voiced as to the grounds for the existence of higher teacher training schools due to overlaps with the university curriculum. In 1956, the state authorities decided to close some of these colleges. WSP was to be merged with the Jagiellonian University. A meeting was organized at the Jagiellonian University in April 1956, where representatives of the Ministry of Higher Education, the Jagiellonian University and WSP discussed the merger. However, the meeting didn’t yield the expected results due to the firm objection on the part of WSP. The opportunity to strengthen the Jagiellonian University’s position by merging with WSP was ultimately lost.

scholarly journals Infection Control in Acute Care Facilities: Evidence-Based Patient Safety

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay E Nicolle
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Acute Care Facilities ◽  
Program Components ◽  
And Control

Infection control in acute care facilities has a noble history. These programs were born of the nosocomial penicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusoutbreaks in the post-World War II era. Over the past four decades, an impressive body of evidence has emerged that documents the effectiveness of infection control programs and systematically evaluates specific program components. Fumigation, tacky floor mats, shoe covers and 'reverse' isolation have disappeared. They are replaced by focused surveillance programs, prophylactic antimicrobial therapy, outbreak investigation and control, routine barrier practices and molecular typing of organisms for epidemiological analysis.

The Forty-Ninth Annual Report of the General Board of Commissioners in Lunacy for Scotland, 1907

1908 ◽  
Vol 54 (225) ◽  
pp. 125-128
Keyword(s):  
Annual Report ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
The State ◽  
Training Schools ◽  
At Home

The Report gives in the first place the usual statistical information in regard to lunacy in Scotland for the year 1906. On January 1st, 1907, there were in Scotland, exclusive of insane persons maintained at home by their natural guardians, 17,593 insane persons known officially to the Board. Of these, 17,121 were registered insane, comprising 14,214 persons in Royal, district, parochial, and private asylums and in lunatic wards of poorhouses, and 2,907 persons under care in private dwellings. The non-registered insane were 51 persons in the Criminal Lunatic Department of the General Prison at Perth, and 421 in training schools for imbeciles. Of the registered insane 2,375 were maintained from private sources, and 14,746 by parochial rates; and the figures show that during the year 1906 there was an increase of private patients by 9, and of pauper patients by 166. Among the non-registered insane the number in the Lunatic Department of Perth Prison (and maintained by the State) was the same as in the previous year, while in training schools for imbeciles there was a diminution of 32.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document