scholarly journals Modern Contraceptive Use Among Women in Need of Family Planning in India: an Analysis of the Inequalities Related to the Mix of Methods Used

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Ewerling ◽  
Lotus McDougal ◽  
Anita Raj ◽  
Leonardo Z. Ferreira ◽  
Cauane Blumenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
Long Acting

Abstract ObjectiveTo evaluate the type of contraceptives used by women in need of family planning in India and the inequalities associated with that use according to women's age, education, wealth, subnational region of residence and empowerment level.MethodsUsing data from the Indian National Family and Health Survey-4 (2015-16), we evaluated the proportion of partnered women aged 15-49 years with demand for family planning satisfied (DFPS) with modern contraceptive methods. We also explored the share of each type of contraception (short- [e.g., condom, pill] and long-acting [i.e., IUD] reversible contraceptives and permanent methods) and related inequalities.ResultsThe majority (71.8%; 95% CI: 71.4 - 72.2) of women in need of contraception were using a modern method, most (76.1%) in the form of female sterilization. Condom and contraceptive pill were the second and third most frequently used methods (11.8% and 8.5%, respectively); only 3.2% reported IUD. There was a nearly linear exchange from short-acting to permanent contraceptive methods as women aged. Women in the poorest wealth quintile had DFPS with modern methods at least 10 percentage points lower than other women. We observed wide geographic variation in DFPS with modern contraceptives, ranging from 23.6% (95% CI: 22.1 – 25.2) in Manipur to 93.6% (95% CI: 92.8 – 94.3) in Andhra Pradesh. Women with more accepting attitudes towards domestic violence and lower levels of social independence had higher DFPS with modern methods but also had higher reliance on permanent methods. Among sterilized women, 43.2% (95% CI: 42.7 – 43.7) were sterilized before age 25, 61.5% (95% CI: 61.0 – 62.1) received monetary compensation for sterilization, and 20.8% (95% CI: 20.3 – 21.3) were not informed that sterilization prevented future pregnancies.ConclusionIndian family planning policy should prioritize women-centered care, making reversible contraceptive methods widely available and promoted.

scholarly journals Modern contraceptive use among women in need of family planning in India: an analysis of the inequalities related to the mix of methods used

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Ewerling ◽  
Lotus McDougal ◽  
Anita Raj ◽  
Leonardo Z. Ferreira ◽  
Cauane Blumenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Long Acting

Abstract Objective To evaluate the type of contraceptives used by women in need of family planning in India and the inequalities associated with that use according to women's age, education, wealth, subnational region of residence and empowerment level. Methods Using data from the Indian National Family and Health Survey-4 (2015–2016), we evaluated the proportion of partnered women aged 15–49 years with demand for family planning satisfied (DFPS) with modern contraceptive methods. We also explored the share of each type of contraception [short- (e.g., condom, pill) and long-acting (i.e., IUD) reversible contraceptives and permanent methods] and related inequalities. Results The majority (71.8%; 95% CI 71.4–72.2) of women in need of contraception were using a modern method, most (76.1%) in the form of female sterilization. Condom and contraceptive pill were the second and third most frequently used methods (11.8% and 8.5%, respectively); only 3.2% reported IUD. There was a nearly linear exchange from short-acting to permanent contraceptive methods as women aged. Women in the poorest wealth quintile had DFPS with modern methods at least 10 percentage points lower than other women. We observed wide geographic variation in DFPS with modern contraceptives, ranging from 23.6% (95% CI 22.1–25.2) in Manipur to 93.6% (95% CI 92.8–94.3) in Andhra Pradesh. Women with more accepting attitudes towards domestic violence and lower levels of social independence had higher DFPS with modern methods but also had higher reliance on permanent methods. Among sterilized women, 43.2% (95% CI 42.7–43.7) were sterilized before age 25, 61.5% (95% CI 61.0–62.1) received monetary compensation for sterilization, and 20.8% (95% CI 20.3–21.3) were not informed that sterilization prevented future pregnancies. Conclusion Indian family planning policy should prioritize women-centered care, making reversible contraceptive methods widely available and promoted.

scholarly journals Share of current unmet need for modern contraceptive methods attributed to past users of these methods in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ankita Shukla ◽  
Anrudh K. Jain ◽  
Rajib Acharya ◽  
F. Ram ◽  
Arupendra Mozumdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Reversible Method

Abstract Despite persistent efforts, unmet need for contraceptives in India has declined only slightly from 14% to 13% between 2005–06 and 2015–16. Many women using a family planning method discontinue it without switching to another method and continue to have unmet need. This study quantified the share of current unmet need for modern contraceptive methods attributed to past users of these methods in India. Data were drawn from two rounds of the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2005–06 and 2015–16. Using information on women with current unmet need, and whether they used any modern method in the past, the share of past users with current unmet need for modern methods was calculated. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Among 46 million women with unmet need, 11 million were past users of modern methods in 2015–16. The share of current unmet need attributed to past users of modern contraceptive methods declined from 27% in 2005–06 to 24% in 2015–16. Share of current unmet need attributed to past users was associated with reversible method use. This share rose with increased use of modern reversible methods. With the Indian family planning programme’s focus on increasing modern reversible method use, the share of unmet need attributed to past users of modern methods is likely to increase in the future. The programme’s emphasis on continuation of contraceptive use, along with bringing in new users, could be one of the key strategies for India to achieve the FP2020 goals.

scholarly journals Modern contraceptive use among adolescent girls and young women in Benin: a mixed-methods study

BMJ Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e054188
Author(s):  
Noudéhouénou Crédo Adelphe Ahissou ◽  
Lenka Benova ◽  
Thérèse Delvaux ◽  
Charlotte Gryseels ◽  
Jean-Paul Dossou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Qualitative Part

ObjectivesThe study aimed to assess the determinants of modern contraceptive method use among young women in Benin.DesignA mixed-methods design.Setting and participantsWe used the Benin 2017–2018 Demographic and Health Survey datasets for quantitative analysis. Data collection was conducted using multiple-cluster sampling method and through household survey. Qualitative part was conducted in the city of Allada, one of the Fon cultural capitals in Benin. The participants were purposively selected.OutcomesContraceptive prevalence rate, unmet need for modern method and percentage of demand satisfied by a modern method for currently married and sexually active unmarried women were measured in the quantitative part. Access barriers and utilisation of modern methods were assessed in the qualitative part.ResultsOverall, 8.5% (95% CI 7.7% to 9.5%) among young women ages 15–24 were using modern contraceptives and 13% (12.1% to 14.0%) among women ages 25 or more. Women 15–24 had a higher unmet need, and a lower demand satisfied by modern contraceptive methods compared with women ages 25 or more. 60.8% (56.9% to 64.7%) of all unmarried young women had unmet need for modern contraceptives. Young women were more likely to use male condoms which they obtain mainly from for-profit outlets, pharmacies and relatives. The factors associated with demand satisfied by a modern method were literacy, being unmarried, knowing a greater number of modern contraceptive methods and experiencing barriers in access to health services. On the other hand, the qualitative study found that barriers to using modern methods include community norms about pre-marital sexual intercourse, perceptions about young women’s fertility, spousal consent and the use of non-modern contraceptives.ConclusionContraceptive use is low among young women in Benin. The use of modern contraceptives is influenced by sociodemographic factors and social norms. Appropriate interventions might promote comprehensive sexuality education, increase community engagement, provide youth-friendly services and address gender inequalities.

scholarly journals Modern contraceptive use among adolescent girls and young women in Benin: a mixed-methods study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noudéhouénou Crédo Adelphe AHISSOU ◽  
Lenka BENOVA ◽  
Thérèse DELVAUX ◽  
Charlotte GRYSEELS ◽  
Jean-Paul DOSSOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Qualitative Part

Objectives The study aimed to assess the determinants of modern contraceptive method use among young women in Benin. Design A mixed-methods design. Setting and participants We used the Benin 2017-18 Demographic and Health Survey datasets for quantitative analysis. Data collection was conducted using multiple-cluster sampling method and through household survey. Qualitative part was conducted in the city of Allada, one of the Fon cultural capitals. The participants were purposively selected. Outcomes Contraceptive prevalence rate, unmet need for modern method, and percentage of demand satisfied by a modern method for currently married and sexually active unmarried women were measured in the quantitative part. Access barriers and utilization of modern methods were assessed in the qualitative part. Results Overall, 8.5% (95%CI: 7.7-9.5%) among young women ages 15 to 24 were using modern contraceptives and 13% (95%CI: 12.1-14.0%) among women ages 25 or more. Women 15-24 had a higher unmet need, and a lower demand satisfied by modern contraceptive methods compared to women aged 25 or more. 60.8% (56.9-64.7%) of all unmarried young women had unmet need for modern contraceptives. Young women were more likely to use male condoms which they obtain mainly from for-profit outlets, pharmacies, and relatives. The factors associated with demand satisfied by a modern method were literacy, being unmarried, knowing a greater number of modern contraceptive methods, and experiencing barriers in access to health services. On the other hand, the qualitative study found that barriers to using modern methods include community norms about pre-marital sexual intercourse, perceptions about young women's fertility, spousal consent, and the use of non-modern contraceptives. Conclusion Contraceptive use is low among young women in Benin. The use of modern contraceptives is influenced by socio-demographic factors and social norms. Appropriate interventions might promote comprehensive sexuality education, increase community engagement, provide youth-friendly services, and address gender inequalities.

scholarly journals Prevalence and inequalities in contraceptive use among adolescents and young women: data from a birth cohort in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Kramer Fiala Machado ◽  
Débora Dalmas Gräf ◽  
Fabiane Höfs ◽  
Franciele Hellwig ◽  
Karoline Sampaio Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Barrier Methods ◽  
Modern Methods

Monitoring trends of contraceptive use and identifying the groups with less coverage are needed to guide public policies and make them more efficient. But, in Brazil, recent data about these aspects are limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of contraceptive use and its inequalities during adolescence and early adulthood. Data from the 1993 Pelotas birth cohort, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, were used. At 15, 18 and 22 years, respectively, 335, 1,458 and 1,711 women reported having started their sexual lives and were included in analysis. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were obtained to describe the most used contraceptive methods. Inequalities in modern contraceptive use were evaluated according to wealth index, scholastic backwardness and ethnicity. In all follow-ups, more than 80% of women used at least one modern method. The use of barrier methods decreased with age; at 22 this prevalence was 36.3%. Such use concomitant with other modern methods was lower than 50% in all follow-ups. We observed inequalities in the use of modern contraceptive methods, mainly in barrier methods used with other modern methods. These findings may contribute and improve the public policies in family planning.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning among married women of reproductive age in a VDC of eastern Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Uprety ◽  
I S Poudel ◽  
A Ghimire ◽  
M Poudel ◽  
S Bhattrai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Contraceptive use and fertility rates vary substantially among developing countries. An important factor, which affects the fertility of any population, is Contraceptive. Contraceptive use varies by age. Nepal over the past 15 years show an impressive increase in the use of modern contraceptive methods from 26 percent in 1996 to 43 percent in 2011. Objectives of the is to assess the knowledge, attitude regarding family planning and the practice of contraceptives among the married women of Dhabi VDC of Eastern Nepal. A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was done in Dhabi VDC. Total of 300 married women age 15-49 sample were taken from family planning center situated in Dhabi. Knowledge, attitude and practice on contraceptives were evaluated with the help of a predesigned questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done by using SPSS 11.5 software to obtain frequencies and percentages. Out of 300 interviewed women, the mean age was 27.94 years, 98% had heard about Family planning method. Radio was the main Source of family planning information. Regarding the usage of contraceptive methods, about 79.3% had ever used and 63.3 had current using some sort of contraception, among the method used Injectables were the commonly used methods About 71% of married women other child in the further. Despite the knowledge of all family planning methods majority of the women used Injectables. Easily accessible and easily to use were the main reasons for choosing Injectables methods. 

scholarly journals The effect of Women’s decision-making autonomy on family Planning acces in Senegal in 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N M Sougou ◽  
O Bassoum ◽  
M M M M Leye ◽  
A Tal-Dia
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The impact of access to decision-making on women’s health in the choice of fertility control has been highlighted by research. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of access to decision-making for women’s health on access to family planning in Senegal in 2017. Methods The analyses of this study had been done on the Individual Records file of Senegal’s Demographic Health Survey 2017. This data covered 8865 women aged 15 to 49 years. The propensity scores matching method had been done. The variable access to the decision was considered as the variable of interest. Matching was done using variables that were not modified by the effect of the treatment. These were religion and socio-economic level. The outcome variables were modern contraceptive use, the existence of unmet needs and the type of modern contraceptive method used. Significance was at 5%. The condition of common support had been respected. The analysis was done with the STATA.15 software. Results Six percent (6.26%) of women could decide about their health on their own. Access to decision-making increased significantly with the woman’s age (p < 0.05). Fifteen percent (15.24%) women used a modern contraceptive method. Women using a contraceptive method were more numerous in the group with access to decision-making (29.43%) with a significant difference with the other group of 8% (p < 0.05). After matching, there was no significant difference between women in terms of modern contraceptive use and the existence of unmet needs. There was a significant difference in the type of contraceptive method used between the two groups of women. These differences were 23.17% for Intra Uterine Device, 52.98% for injections, 08.9% for implants and 10.79% for condoms. Conclusions Access to decision-making for health would facilitate women’s access to long-acting contraceptive methods. These findings show the importance of implementing gender transformative interventions in improving access to family planning. Key messages Access to decision-making for health would allow better access to modern contraceptive methods, especially those with a long duration of action. Better consideration of gender disparity reduction could improve access to family planning in Senegal.

scholarly journals Predictors of Time-to-Contraceptive Use from Resumption of Sexual Intercourse after Birth among Women in Uganda

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Wamala ◽  
Allen Kabagenyi ◽  
Simon Kasasa
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Traditional Birth Attendant ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use

Globally, there is extant literature on patterns and dynamics of postpartum contraceptive use with hardly any evidence examining time-to-contraceptive use from resumption of sexual intercourse after birth among women in Uganda. Methods. The analysis was based on data from 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey on a sample of 2983 married women with a birth in the past three years preceding the survey and had resumed sexual intercourse. A time-to-contraceptive use was adopted in the analysis using life tables based on the Kaplan-Meier estimates, while the Log-Rank Chi-square tests assessed the variables to be included in regression analysis. Cox-Proportional Hazard regression was run to identify the predictors of time-to-contraceptive use among postpartum women in Uganda. Sampling weights were applied in the analysis to ensure representativeness. Results. The median time-to-contraceptive use was 19 months (range 0–24). Time to adoption of modern contraceptive use was significantly longer among women with no formal education, residing in northern region, who (HR=0.56, CI: 0.40–0.78) had delivered at home/traditional birth attendant (HR=0.75, CI: 0.60–0.93), had 1–3 antenatal care visits (HR=0.83, CI: 0.70–0.98), and were in poorest wealth quintile. Conclusions. Measures for enhancing modern contraceptive use during and after the postpartum period should focus on (i) addressing hindrances in accessing family planning, particularly among poor and noneducated women; (ii) integration of family planning service delivery into routine ANC through counseling; and (iii) promoting deliveries in health facilities.

scholarly journals Discontinuation and switching of postpartum contraceptive methods over twelve months in Burkina Faso and the DRC: a secondary analysis of the Yam-Daabo trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abou Coulibaly ◽  
Tieba Millogo ◽  
Adama Baguiya ◽  
Nguyen Toan Tran ◽  
Rachel Yodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Contraceptive Discontinuation ◽  
Equal Effectiveness

Abstract Introduction : Women who use contraceptive methods sometimes stop early, use methods intermittently or switched contraceptive methods. All these events (discontinuations and switching) contribute to the occurrence of unwanted and close pregnancies. This study aimed to explore contraceptive discontinuation and switching during the Yam-Daabo project to measure the effect of interventions on the continuation of contraceptive methods use.Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the Yam-Daabo trial data. We choose the discontinuation and switching of a modern contraceptive method as outcome measures. We performed a survival analysis by using the Stata software package to estimate the effect of the interventions on contraceptive discontinuation. We also studied the main reasons for discontinuation and switching.Results: In total, 637 out of the 1,120 women used at least one contraceptive method (of any type), with 267 women in the control and 370 in the intervention group. Modern methods were used by 179 women of control group compared to 279 women of intervention group with 24 and 32 who discontinued, respectively. We observed no statistically significant association between interventions and modern methods discontinuation and switching. However, the discontinuation of modern methods was higher in pills and injectables users than implants and IUDs users. The pooled data comparison showed that, in reference to the women who had not switched while using a modern method, the likelihood of switching to a less or equal effectiveness method among the women of the control group was 3.8(95% CI: 1.8-8.0) times the likelihood of switching to a less or equal effectiveness method among the women of the intervention group. And this excess was statistically significant (p<0.001). The main reason for discontinuation and switching was method-related (141 over 199), followed by partner opposition with 20 women.Conclusion: The results of this study show no statistically significant association between interventions and modern methods discontinuation. Discontinuation is more related to the methods themselves than to any other factor. It is also important to set up specific actions targeting women's partners and influential people in the community to counter inhibiting beliefs.Trial registration: Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR201609001784334, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=1784).

scholarly journals Contraceptive prevalence and factors influencing utilization among women in Pakistan: a focus on gender-based violence

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thao Thi Nguyen ◽  
Sarah Neal
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Modern Contraception ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence ◽  
Gender Based

PurposeIn this study, the authors determined the prevalence of contraceptive use among Pakistani women and assessed factors influencing the utilization of contraception with a particular focus on the experience of gender-based violence.Design/methodology/approachThe dataset used in this study was the Pakistan Demographic Health Survey 2018, which includes married women only. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to investigate the association between contraceptive use and a number of explanatory variables including experience of gender-based violence.FindingsFrom 2006 to 2018, the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) and the use of modern contraceptive methods increased slowly. The findings of this study demonstrated that higher educational level and wealth index increased the likelihood of contraceptive uptake and the use of modern contraception. Media exposure to family planning and spousal communication were protective factors that encouraged women to use contraception, including modern contraception, to avoid unwanted pregnancy. Women who experienced gender-based violence (GBV) were more likely to use contraception than women who did not experience GBV.Research limitations/implicationsThe use of secondary data limited the variety of important variable that should be investigated including knowledge of women on SRH, the attitude of women toward SRH and family planning, the skills of a healthcare provider on counseling family planning, and other barrier variables such as transportation and willingness to pay for contraceptive methods. 10;The sensitivity of the topic is considered as another challenge when collecting data. Women might be hesitant to share about their GBV experience. The experience to GBV is also hard to define and depends on the feeling of each person, especially emotional violence.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the very few studies to examine the association between GBV and contraceptive use, and thus is valuable in opening up debate about the links between these two factors.

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