scholarly journals COVID-19- Related Stigma in COVID-19 Survivors in Kampala, Uganda: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabunga Amir
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Social Rejection ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
The Common ◽  
Thematic Approach ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Research And Policy

Abstract Background: COVID-19-related stigma is gradually becoming a global problem among COVID-19 survivors with far-reaching implications. However, this social problem has received little attention in research and policy. This study aimed at exploring the COVID-19-related stigma survivors in Kampala, UgandaMethods: A cross-sectional exploratory research design was used. COVID-19 survivors in Kampala district part of the study. In-depth interviews were used to collect data and analysis was done using thematic approach. Results: The results from the data showed that COVID-19-related stigma is prevalent and the common form of stigma was social rejection. Conclusions: The majority of the respondent in the sample endorsed COVID-19-related stigma and such behaviors were high in the community. The COVID-19 pandemic survivors indicated that they faced social rejection and community ostracism. Thus reducing COVID-19-related stigma is vital to control the spread of the virus. An all-inclusive effort is needed to address COVID-19-related stigma and its debilitating consequences by health workers and policy makers.

scholarly journals Implementation of the Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes in Vietnam: Marketing Practices by the Industry and Perceptions of Caregivers and Health Workers

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2884
Author(s):  
Tuan T. Nguyen ◽  
Ha T. T. Tran ◽  
Jennifer Cashin ◽  
Van D. C. Nguyen ◽  
Amy Weissman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Commercial Milk ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: The promotion of breastmilk substitutes (BMS) is an important barrier to successful breastfeeding. Objective: To examine the enactment and implementation of the Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes (the Code) in Vietnam with a focus on marketing practices by the baby food industry and perceptions of caregivers, health workers, and policy makers. Methods: From May to July 2020, we conducted a mixed-method, cross-sectional study including a survey of 268 pregnant women and 726 mothers of infants aged 0–11 months and in-depth interviews with a subset of interviewed women (n = 39), policy makers, media executives, and health workers (n = 31). Results: In the previous 30 days, two mothers (out of 726) participating in the quantitative survey reported that health workers had recommended BMS, at private hospitals in both cases. In-depth interviews with health workers showed that hospitals have internal procedures to prevent the promotion of BMS by health workers. However, companies employed representatives to promote products not covered under the Code (e.g., commercial milk formula for pregnant women) at antenatal care visits and by gaining contact information from women and using this information to promote BMS outside the hospital, often on social media. In the 30 days preceding the survey, one-fifth of pregnant women were exposed to promotions of commercial milk formula for pregnant women and 7.1% to promotions of BMS. Among mothers of infants, 7.3% and 10.7% of respondents with infants aged 0–5 and 6–11 months, respectively, were exposed to some form of BMS promotion in the past 30 days. Around the time of birth, parents commonly brought BMS to maternity facilities (52.5%) or purchased it nearby (35.4%). Conclusions: Although Vietnam has a strong regulatory environment for the protection, promotion, and support of breastfeeding, there are implementation, monitoring, and enforcement gaps. Stronger enforcement of national policies to regulate the presence of BMS industry representatives in health facilities—both public and private—and the promotion of BMS products on digital platforms are needed.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Uptake of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccination among in- School Adolescent Girls in Wakiso District, Central Uganda.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Zaitune Nanyunja
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Vaginal Sex ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: Since 2008, the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has been routinely recommended for pre-adolescents and adolescent girls in Uganda. The introduction of HPV vaccines represents a step forward in the primary prevention of cervical cancer and other HPV-related malignancies. This study examines the factors affecting the uptake of HPV vaccination among in-school adolescent girls in Wakiso district to generate information that can be used to improve the uptake of such critical services. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was employed. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently. Data were collected from secondary schools in Wakiso district, selected using cluster sampling. Semi-structured self-administered questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data while data from mothers in Wakiso were collected using In-depth interviews through group dialogue sessions. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0; characteristics of the sample were summarized by descriptive statistics Results: The findings indicate the HPV vaccination uptake rate as low as 9.2% among the In-school adolescent girls in the Wakiso district. 68.5% belonged to the age group 16-19 (older adolescents). 91.2% had already had vaginal sex and 90.4% had ever had any STI. In the bivariate analyses, five factors were presented to be statistically significant with a P<0.05, implying that these factors were associated with HPV vaccination. They included the occupation of the caretaker, education level of the caretaker, perceived susceptibility to HPV infections and cervical cancer, perceived benefits of HPV vaccination, and knowledge attributes regarding HPV and HPV infections. Conclusion: The Ministry of the health of Uganda and partners should offer ample orientation and training to all health workers and encourage them to disseminate information on HPV vaccination to all eligible adolescents and their caretakers in Wakiso district central Uganda.

scholarly journals Interaction between demand-control and social support in the occurrence of common mental disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amália Ivine Santana Mattos ◽  
Tânia Maria de Araújo ◽  
Maura Maria Guimarães de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Social Support ◽  
The Common ◽  
Demand Control

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the interaction between the psychosocial aspects of work and the occurrence of common mental disorders among health workers. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted with a representative sample of workers of the primary health care of five municipalities of the State of Bahia, Brazil, in 2012. The variable of outcome were the common mental disorders evaluated by the SRQ-20, and the variables of exposure were high demand (high psychological demand and low control over the work) and low social support in the workplace. Interaction was checked by the deviation of the additivity of the effects for the factors studied from the calculation of excess risk from interaction, proportion of cases attributed to interaction, and the synergy index. RESULTS The global prevalence of common mental disorders was 21%. The group of combined exposure has shown higher magnitude (high demand and low social support), reaching 28% when compared to the 17% in the situation of no exposure (low demand and high social support). CONCLUSIONS The results strengthen the hypothesis of interaction between the factors investigated, directing to the synergy of the effects.

scholarly journals Aligning the times: Exploring the convergence of researchers, policy makers and research evidence in higher education policy making

2020 ◽  
pp. 003452372092067
Author(s):  
Karen Smith ◽  
Scott Fernie ◽  
Nick Pilcher
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Higher Education Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Policy Networks ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Times ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Research And Policy

The complexity of contemporary higher education policy making and the multitude of evidences and actors in policy networks mean that relationships between higher education researchers, policy makers and research evidence are not straightforward. In this article, we use a theoretical lens of time, Adams’ Timescapes, to explore this relationship and better understand why the research and policy worlds are frequently described as divided. Drawing on in-depth interviews with higher education researchers, policy makers and research funders, we show how research and policy have different interpretations of time. We discuss the Timeframes, or lengths, of work and career, the Temporality, or complexity, of ‘evidence’, of networks and relationships, and the importance of elements such as Timing, or synchronisation, and Tempo, or pace. We conclude that policy makers and higher education researchers may be better able to make sense of the problematic nature of aligning their concerns, interests and actions through understanding different Timescapes.

scholarly journals Distinguishing between COVID-19 and the common cold in a primary care setting - comparison of patients with positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR results

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Just ◽  
Marie-Therese Puth ◽  
Felix Regenold ◽  
Klaus Weckbecker ◽  
Markus Bleckwenn
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Primary Care Patients ◽  
The Common ◽  
Predictive Risk

BackgroundCombating the COVID-19 pandemic is a major challenge for health systems, citizens and policy makers worldwide. Early detection of affected patients within the huge population of patients with common cold symptoms is an important element of this effort but often hindered by limited testing resources. We aimed to identify predictive risk profiles for a positive PCR result in primary care.MethodsMulti-center cross-sectional cohort study on predictive characteristics over a period of 4 weeks in primary care patients in Germany. We evaluated age, sex, reason for testing, risk factors, symptoms, and expected PCR result for their impact on the test 46 result.ResultsIn total, 374 patients in 14 primary care centers received SARS-CoV-2 PCR swab testing and were included in this analysis. A fraction of 10.7% (n=40) tested positive for COVID-19. Patients who reported anosmia had a higher odds ratio (OR: 4.54; 95%-CI: 1.51–13.67) for a positive test result while patients with a sore throat had a lower OR (OR: 0.33; 95%-CI: 0.11–0.97). Patients who had a first grade contact with an infected persons and showed symptoms themselves also had an increased OR for positive testing (OR: 5.16; 95% CI: 1.72–15.51). This correlation was also present when they themselves were still asymptomatic (OR: 12.55; 95% CI: 3.97–39.67).ConclusionThe reported contact to an infected person is the most important factor for a positive PCR result, independent of any symptoms of illness in the tested patient. Those persons with contact to an infected person should always get a PCR test. If no contact is reported and testing material is scarce, anosmia should increase the likelihood of performing a test, while a sore throat should decrease it.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN PELAYANAN JAMINAN PERSALINAN (JAMPERSAL) OLEH IBU BERSALIN DI PUSKESMAS X TAHUN 2013

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Renny Listiawaty
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Document Review ◽  
Depth Interviews

One of the government's policy to reduce the maternal mortality rate (MMR) is to launch Jampersal Program. This study purpose to describe the factors associated with utilization Maternity Insurance service (Jampersal) by maternal in Public Health Center X, Muaro Jambi Regency in 2013. The research method used a cross sectional sampling technique with proportional random sampling, after that followed by a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews and document review 9 informants. Quantitative research results showed that 31.1% Jampersal utilize. There is a significant relationship between the variables of age, education, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, income, accessibility, the role of health workers and the need to use Jampersal. The most dominant variable is income after controlled by education, knowledge, income and accessibility. This study recommended   midwives to give more intensive information, clear and complete to the community and always working to improve the quality of service Jampersal.

scholarly journals Reducing missed opportunities for vaccination in Mozambique: findings from a cross-sectional assessment conducted in 2017

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e047297
Author(s):  
Bvudzai Priscilla Magadzire ◽  
Gabriel Joao ◽  
Ruth Bechtel ◽  
Graça Matsinhe ◽  
Laura Nic Lochlainn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Immunisation Programme ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Inadequate Information ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Preventative Services

ObjectiveMissed opportunities for vaccination (MOV) are a significant contributor to low vaccination coverage. To better understand the magnitude and underlying causes of MOV among children aged 0–23 months in Mozambique, we conducted an assessment and developed a roadmap for strengthening the country’s childhood immunisation programme.SettingThree provinces in North, South and Central Mozambique.MethodsThe assessment applied a mixed-method approach. From a sample of 41 health facilities, we conducted exit interviews with caregivers of children aged 0–23 months (n=546), surveys with health workers (n=223), focus group discussions with caregivers (n=6) and health workers (n=5), and in-depth interviews with health facility managers (n=9). We analysed the data to assess the magnitude of MOV and to identify causes of MOV and ways of preventing them.ResultsVaccination records were available for 538 children. Sixty per cent (n=324) were eligible for vaccination on arriving for their health facility visit. Of these, 76% (n=245) were not fully vaccinated, constituting MOV. Our analysis shows that these MOV were most frequently attributable to practices of caregivers and health workers and also to health systems reasons. Inadequate information about vaccination among both caregivers and health workers, poor or poorly understood health facility practices, inadequate integration of curative and preventative services, inadequate tracking systems to identify children due for vaccination and, less often, limited supply of vaccines, syringes and other related supplies at service points resulted in MOV.ConclusionsThe results of the assessment informed the development of roadmaps for reducing MOV that may be applicable to other settings. The global immunisation community should continue to invest in efforts to reduce MOV and thereby make health service visits more effective and efficient for vaccination.

scholarly journals Media, Health Workers, and Policy Makers' Relationship and Their Impact on Antimalarial Policy Adoption: A Population Genetics Perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Malisa ◽  
Richard Pearce ◽  
Benezeth Mutayoba ◽  
Salim Abdullah ◽  
Hassan Mshinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Genetic Change ◽  
Frequency Change ◽  
Drug Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Treatment Policy ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
Media Reports

Drug resistance negatively impacts malaria treatments, making treatment policy revision unavoidable. So far, studies relating sociopolitical and technical issues on policy change with malaria parasite genetic change are lacking. We have quantified the effect of malaria treatment policy on drug pressure and the influence of the media, policy makers, and health worker relationship on parasite population genetic change in Kilombro/Ulanga district. Cross-sectional surveys of asymptomatic infections conducted before, during and after the switch from chloroquine to sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine were used for genetic analysis of SP resistance genes in 4,513 asymptomatic infections identified, and their frequency change was compared with retrospective study of the documented process of policy change. Highly significant changes of dhfr and dhps resistance alleles occurred within one year of switch to SP first line, followed by a decline of their rate of selection caused by reduction of SP usage, as a result of negative media reports on SP usage and lack of adequate preparations.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the stigma-discrimination complex towards healthcare workers among university students during the coronavirus pandemic in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Arturo Cassiani-Miranda ◽  
Isabel Álvarez-Solorza ◽  
Adalberto Campo-Arias ◽  
Yinneth Andrea Arismendy-López ◽  
Andrés Felipe Tirado-Otálvaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

AbstractThe COVID-19-related stigma towards healthcare workers negatively influences their performance and job satisfaction, and well-being. The frequency of COVID-19-related stigma towards healthcare workers and its associated factors has not been sufficiently investigated. The objective was to determine the frequency and variables associated with COVID-19-related stigmatisation towards health workers in emerging-age university adults in Mexico. Analytical and cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire in 1,054 students between 18 and 29 years of age. Demographic variables, religiosity, fear of COVID-19 and stigma-discrimination related to COVID-19 towards healthcare workers were analysed. The latter was set as the dependent variable, while demographic variables, religiosity and high fear of COVID-19 were the independent variables. For the association between the variables, a binomial and logarithmic generalised linear model was designed to calculate the adjusted prevalence ratios. The proportion of high stigma-discrimination was 12.4%, and this was associated with a high fear of COVID-19 (APR 1.51, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.23). The main limitations were the cross-sectional nature, social desirability bias, non-probabilistic sampling. The results highlight the importance of establishing programmes to reduce COVID-19-related stigmatisation towards healthcare workers.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Uptake of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccination among in- School Adolescent Girls in Wakiso District, Central Uganda.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Zaitune Nanyunja
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Vaginal Sex ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background:    Since 2008, the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has been routinely recommended for pre-adolescents and adolescent girls in Uganda. The introduction of HPV vaccines represents a step forward in the primary prevention of cervical cancer and other HPV-related malignancies. This study examines the factors affecting the uptake of HPV vaccination among in-school adolescent girls in Wakiso district to generate information that can be used to improve the uptake of such critical services. Methodology:   A cross-sectional analytical study was employed. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently. Data were collected from secondary schools in Wakiso district, selected using cluster sampling. Semi-structured self-administered questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data while data from mothers in Wakiso were collected using In-depth interviews through group dialogue sessions. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0; characteristics of the sample were summarized by descriptive statistics   Results:   The findings indicate the HPV vaccination uptake rate as low as 9.2% among the In-school adolescent girls in the Wakiso district. 68.5% belonged to the age group 16-19 (older adolescents). 91.2% had already had vaginal sex and 90.4% had ever had any STI. In the bivariate analyses, five factors were presented to be statistically significant with a P<0.05, implying that these factors were associated with HPV vaccination. They included the occupation of the caretaker, education level of the caretaker, perceived susceptibility to HPV infections and cervical cancer, perceived benefits of HPV vaccination, and knowledge attributes regarding HPV and HPV infections.    Conclusion:    The Ministry of the health of Uganda and partners should offer ample orientation and training to all health workers and encourage them to disseminate information on HPV vaccination to all eligible adolescents and their caretakers in Wakiso district central Uganda.

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