scholarly journals The impact of redistributing deaths by ill-defined and unspecified causes on cancer mortality in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Bigoni ◽  
Amanda Ramos da Cunha ◽  
José Leopoldo Ferreira Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The reliability of mortality data is a critical aspect of epidemiological studies on cancer. The under-registration of deaths, a high proportion of deaths classified as due to unspecified causes,4 and inadequate report of immediate or mediate conditions as the underlying cause of death are the main problems affecting the reliability of mortality data. Several statistical techniques to correct this problem were reported, resulting in a variety of methods for the same purpose. This study aims to discuss the impact on the magnitude and temporal trends of mortality of four different strategies of redistribution that have been used to assess cancer mortality in Brazil. Methods This study used anonymized georeferenced provided by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Four different approaches were used to perform the redistribution of ill-defined deaths and garbage codes. Age-standardized mortality rates used the world population as reference. Prais-Winsten autoregression allowed calculating trends for each region, sex and cancer type. Results Death rates increased considerably in all regions after performing the redistribution. Overall, the Elisabeth B. França and World Health Organization methods had a milder impact on trends and magnitudes of rates when compared to the method used in the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. This study also observed that when the Brazilian Ministry of Health dealt with the problem of redistributing ill-defined deaths, the results were similar to those obtained by the Global Burden of Disease method. The redistribution methods also influenced the assessment of trends; however, differences in the annual percent change were less pronounced. Conclusions Given the impossibility of developing a gold standard method for comparison, the matching of global techniques with those that consider the local reality may be an alternative for methodology selection. In the present study, the compatibility of the findings suggests the validity of the Global Burden of Disease method as concerning the Brazilian context. However, caution is needed in this interpretation. Future studies should assess the impact of these methods as applied to the redistribution of deaths to type-specific neoplasms.

scholarly journals The impact of worldwide, national and sub-national severity distributions in Burden of Disease studies: a case study of individual cancer types in Scotland

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant MA Wyper ◽  
Ian Grant ◽  
Eilidh Fletcher ◽  
Gerry McCartney ◽  
Diane L Stockton
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Disability Weights ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Deprived Areas

AbstractAimThe main aim of this study was to consider the extent to which the use of worldwide severity distributions in Burden of Disease studies are influencing cross-country comparisons, by comparing Global Burden of Disease distributions with nationally derived severity distributions in Scotland for cancer types.MethodsWe obtained individual records from the Scottish Cancer Registry for 21 cancer types and linked these to registered deaths. We estimated prevalent cancer cases for 2016 and assigned each case to sequelae using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2016 study definitions. We compared the impact of using severity distributions based on GBD 2016, a Scotland-wide distribution, and a distribution specific to deprivation strata in Scotland, on the weighted-average disability weights for each cancer type in Scotland.ResultsThe relative difference in point estimates of weighted-average disability weights based on GBD 2016 worldwide severity distributions compared with Scottish national severity distributions resulted in overestimates in the majority of cancers (17 out of 21 cancer types). The largest overestimates were for gallbladder and biliary tract cancer (70.8%), oesophageal cancer (31.6%) and pancreatic cancer (31.2%). Furthermore, the use of weighted-average disability weights based on Scottish national severity distributions rather than sub-national Scottish severity distributions stratified by deprivation quintile overestimated weighted-average disability weights in the least deprived areas (16 out of 18 cancer types), and underestimated in the most deprived areas (16 out of 18 cancer types).ConclusionOur findings illustrate a bias in point estimates of weighted-average disability weights created using worldwide severity distributions. This bias would have led to the misrepresentation of non-fatal estimates of the burden of individual cancers, and underestimated the scale of socioeconomic inequality in this non-fatal burden. This highlights the importance of not interpreting non-fatal estimates of burden of disease too precisely, especially for sub-national estimates and those comparing populations when relying on data inputs from other countries. It is essential to ensure that any estimates are based upon the best available country-specific data at the lowest granularity.

scholarly journals ESOPHAGEAL CANCER MORTALITY IN BRAZIL: A TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS FROM THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
Max Moura de OLIVEIRA ◽  
Igor Pereira Bertoncini SILVA ◽  
Renato TEIXEIRA ◽  
Deborah Carvalho MALTA ◽  
Betine Pinto Moehlecke ISER
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
World Population ◽  
Standardized Mortality Rate

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In the world, around 450,000 new cases of esophageal cancer are diagnosed each year. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the trend of esophageal cancer mortality rates in Brazil between 1990-2017. METHODS: A time series study using data on mortality from esophageal cancer in residents ≥30 years in Brazil from 1990 to 2017. Data was estimated by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study and analyzed according to sex, age group and federal unit of Brazil. The standardized rates according to age were calculated by the direct method using the standard GBD world population. Annual average percentage change and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated for mortality by Joinpoint regression. RESULTS: The age-standardized mortality rate in males was 20.6 in 1990 and 17.6/100,000 in 2017, increasing according to age, being 62.4 (1990) and 54.7 (2017) for ≥70 years. In women, the age-standardized mortality rate was 5.9 in 1990 and 4.2/100,000 in 2017. There was a reduction in mortality rates in all age groups and both sexes with great variation among the states. CONCLUSION: Despite the high mortality rates for esophageal cancer in Brazil, the trend was decreasing, but with regional differences. Mortality was around four times higher in men.

scholarly journals Burden of non-communicable diseases in Cyprus, 1990–2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Periklis Charalampous ◽  
Elena Pallari ◽  
Stefanos Tyrovolas ◽  
Nicos Middleton ◽  
Mary Economou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for over 90% of all deaths in the Cypriot population, in 2018. However, a detailed and comprehensive overview of the impact of NCDs on population health of Cyprus over the period of 1990 to 2017, expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), is currently not available. Knowledge about the drivers of changes in NCD DALYs over time is paramount to identify priorities for the prevention of NCDs in Cyprus and guide evidence-based decision making. The objectives of this paper were to: 1) assess the burden of NCDs in terms of years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and DALYs in Cyprus in 2017, and 2) identify changes in the burden of NCDs in Cyprus over the 28-year period and assess the main drivers of these changes. Methods We performed a secondary database descriptive study using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 results on NCDs for Cyprus from 1990 to 2017. We calculated the percentage change of age-standardized DALY rates between 1990 and 2017 and decomposed these time trends to assess the causes of death and disability that were the main drivers of change. Results In Cyprus in 2017, 83% (15,129 DALYs per 100,000; 12,809 to 17,707 95%UI) of total DALYs were due to NCDs. The major contributors to NCD DALYs were cardiovascular diseases (16.5%), neoplasms (16.3%), and musculoskeletal disorders (15.6%). Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardized NCD DALY rates decreased by 23%. For both males and females, the largest decreases in DALY rates were observed in ischemic heart disease and stroke. For Cypriot males, the largest increases in DALY rates were observed for pancreatic cancer, drug use disorders, and acne vulgaris, whereas for Cypriot females these were for acne vulgaris, psoriasis and eating disorders. Conclusion Despite a decrease in the burden of NCDs over the period from 1990 to 2017, NCDs are still a major public health challenge. Implementation of interventions and early detection screening programmes of modifiable NCD risk factors are needed to reduce occurrence and exacerbation of leading causes of NCDs in the Cypriot population.

Sustainable Development Goals and Global burden of disease stakeholders

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Van Den Hazel
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Global Burden of Disease is the most comprehensive effort to date to measure epidemiological levels and trends worldwide. It is the product of a global research collaborative and quantifies the impact of hundreds of diseases, injuries, and risk factors in countries around the world. The publication published in The Lancet on September 12, 2017, namely the study, “Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016,” is the starting point to discuss the health-related SDG indicators as develop by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) and Global Burden of Disease collaborators. The projected increases in mortality are steep for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other chronic diseases. Non-communicable diseases are increasingly recognized as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The question is whether the targets in the SDGs are sufficiently addressing these increases. Or are demographic changes underlying the projected increases? Health related SDGs have been addressed in a tool made by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Results on air pollution, smoking, unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene are presented by current and projected data in an interactive tool.

scholarly journals The comparative risk assessment for alcohol as part of the Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study: What changed from the last study?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Rehm ◽  
Guilherme Borges ◽  
Gerhard Gmel ◽  
Kathryn Graham ◽  
Bridget Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Comparative Risk Assessment ◽  
Comparative Risk ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Population

Rehm, J., Borges, G., Gmel, G., Graham, K., Grant, B., Parry, C., Poznyak, V. & Room R. (2013). The comparative risk assessment for alcohol as part of the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study: What changed from the last study? International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 2(1), 1-5.  doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.132 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.132)In December 2012, the new results of the Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) for alcohol within the Global Burden of Disease and Injury (GBD) Study 2010 were presented at a joint meeting of the GBD Group and the journal Lancet at the Royal Society in London (Lim et al., 2012). At first glance, there do not appear to be many changes to alcohol consumption as a risk factor for death and disability: it is identified as the third most important risk factor, as it was in the last CRA (World Health Organization, 2009). The burden of disease attributable to alcohol had increased, compared to the 2004 estimate (Rehm, Mathers et al., 2009), but this could be due to an increase in global population, or to variations in the methodologies behind the 2004 and 2010 estimates.

Incidence Trends of Lip, Oral Cavity, and Pharyngeal Cancers: Global Burden of Disease 1990–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Du ◽  
R. Nair ◽  
L. Jamieson ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
P. Bi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Oral Cavity Cancers ◽  
Incident Cases

The worldwide incidence trends of the lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancers (LOCPs) need to be updated. This study aims to examine the temporal incidence trends of LOCPs from 1990 to 2017, using the latest Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study data to explore sex, age, and regional differences. GBD incidence data for LOCPs were driven by population cancer registries and were estimated from mortality data. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) were directly extracted from the 2017 GBD database to calculate the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) over the study period. Incidence trends are mapped and compared separately by sex (females vs. males), age groups (15–49, 50–69, and 70+ y), regions (21 geographical and 5 sociodemographic regions), and countries. Among 678,900 incident cases of LOCPs notified in 2017, more than half were lip and oral cavity cancers. From 1990 to 2017, the estimated global incidence for nasopharyngeal cancers decreased dramatically (EAPC = −1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], –1.70 to −1.34), while the incidence for lip and oral cavity cancers (EAPC = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.16–0.37) and other pharyngeal cancers (EAPC = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.54–0.71) increased. Higher ASIRs were observed among males than females across all age groups. However, females had larger EAPC variation when compared to males. Population groups aged 15 to 49 y presented the lowest ASIRs, with larger values of EAPC than those aged 50 to 69 and 70+ y. While high-income countries had higher ASIRs with little EAPC variation, ASIRs varied across low/middle-income regions with larger EAPC variations. South Asia and East Asia had the highest ASIRs and EAPC for lip and oral cavity cancers, respectively. In conclusion, the global incidence of LOCPs has increased among females, those aged 15 to 49 y, and people from low/middle-income countries over the study period, excepting nasopharyngeal cancers, which had a decreasing worldwide trend.

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