scholarly journals Effects of high-fat diet on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of respiratory tract through the glyoxylic acid cycle of pulmonary microbes and the intervention of saturated hydrogen

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangjie Qiu ◽  
Ousman Bajinka ◽  
Lili Wang ◽  
Guojun Wu ◽  
Yurong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Isocitrate Lyase ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition

Abstract Background High fat diet is extensively studied to be associated with trending metabolic diseases. In addition to type 2 diabetes and hypertension, high fat diet is strongly associated with asthma and other respiratory diseases among children however, the pathogenicity regarding these pulmonary diseases begs for extensive research. This study investigated the mechanism of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of respiratory tract, induced by changes in lung microecology with the intake of high-fat diet. 80 five-week-old C57BL6/J male mice were randomly divided into normal control group, normal hydrogen group, high-fat group and high-fat hydrogen group, making 20 mice in each group. The weight of the mice were measured on weekly basis. 6 mice from each group were executed at every second week. Blood sample was collected for lipid testing, lung tissues were collected for 16SrRNA gene sequencing, HE staining, immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR).Results Compared with the normal diet group, mice on the high-fat diet group showed increased inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased expression of e-cadherin (E-cad) and increased expression of Twist. There were significant differences in the composition of bacteria in the lung, and the expression of isocitrate lyase (ICL) gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii , which were significantly associated with asthma were seen with a significant increasing trend. After the treatment of saturated hydrogen, the changes in lung microbial population, lung tissue infiltration of inflammatory cells and the transformation of epithelial stroma caused by high-fat diet were moderately alleviated.Conclusion High fat diet can affect the process of airway epithelial stroma by altering the glyoxylate cycle of pulmonary microbes while the pathological process are alleviated by saturated hydrogen by acting on glyoxylate cycle.

scholarly journals PO-043 The Effects of One-Time High Intensity Intermittent Training on Expression of LC3 Gene in Rats’ White Adipose Tissue

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qishu Zhou ◽  
Chunyu Liang ◽  
Yafei Li ◽  
Yi Yan
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Fat

Objective  To investigate the effect of one-time high-intensity intermittent exercise in white fat autophagy in obese rats and provide a theoretical basis of the molecular mechanism of exercise fat loss. Methods  Eighteen male 3-weeks-old rats were selected and divided into control group fed with normal diet (C), high-fat diet group fed with high fat diet (H). After 16 weeks, there were twelve obesity rats that divided into diet group (HS) and exercise group (HE). The other six control group rats of 19 weeks age were used as the standard (CS group). OE group did the high intensity intermittent exercise once. The CS group and the CS group were kept quietly. Three groups were taken subcutaneous white adipose tissue(S) and epididymal white adipose tissue (E) immediately after exercise. Mensurate the expression of LC3 gene in the tissue using the fluorescent quantitative PCR. Results 1. The expression of LC3 mRNA from white fat tissue was different to the tissues, which the expression of epididymal white adipose tissue of each group was higher than that in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (P <0.01). 2. Compared with CS group, the expression of epididymal white fat adipose tissue LC3 mRNA decreased (P<0.01) and the expression of the subcutaneous white adipose tissue increased from HS group (P <0.05). 3. Compared with OS group, the expression of epididymal white fat adipose tissue LC3 mRNA decreased (P<0.05) and the expression of subcutaneous white adipose tissue decreased from OS group. Conclusions The expression of LC3mRNA in epididymal white fat adipose tissue of rats was significantly higher than that of subcutaneous white fat. The changes of LC3mRNA expression of adipose tissue caused by high-fat diet have tissue differences. One-time high-intensity intermittent exercise can reduce the expression of LC3mRNA in fat tissue of obese rats. Its regulatory mechanism needs to be further studied.

scholarly journals Saturated hydrogen improves lipid metabolism disorders and dysbacteriosis induced by a high-fat diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (6) ◽  
pp. 512-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangjie Qiu ◽  
Qiaona Ye ◽  
Mengxing Sun ◽  
Lili Wang ◽  
Yurong Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Isocitrate Lyase ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Acid Cycle

Studies have shown that metabolic diseases, such as obesity, are significantly associated with intestinal flora imbalance. The amplification of opportunistic pathogens induced by the glyoxylic acid cycle contributes to intestinal flora imbalance. Promising, though, is that saturated hydrogen can effectively improve the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases, such as obesity. However, the specific mechanism of how saturated hydrogen operates is still not very clear. In this study, after a high-fat diet, the level of total cholesterol, total glyceride, and low-density lipoprotein in the peripheral blood of mice increased, and that of high-density lipoprotein decreased. Intestinal fatty acid metabolism-related gene Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), fatty acid synthase (FAS), intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FAPB), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) increased significantly. Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacillus counts in feces decreased considerably, while Enterobacter cloacae increased. The activity of isocitrate lyase in feces increased markedly. Treatment of mice with saturated hydrogen led to decreased total cholesterol, total glyceride, and low-density lipoprotein and increased high-density lipoprotein in the peripheral blood. FAS and I-FAPB gene expression in the small intestine decreased. Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacillus in feces increased significantly, whereas Enterobacter cloacae decreased. The activity of isocitrate lyase also diminished remarkably. These results suggest that saturated hydrogen could improve intestinal structural integrity and lipid metabolism disorders by inhibiting the glyoxylic acid cycle of the intestinal flora. Impact statement Past studies have shown that hydrogen can improve metabolic disorders, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. It is well known that metabolic diseases, such as obesity, are significantly associated with changes in the intestinal flora. The glyoxylic acid cycle is an essential metabolic pathway in prokaryotes, lower eukaryotes, and plants and could be the portal for mechanisms related to metabolic disorders. Many opportunistic pathogenic bacteria can recycle fatty acids to synthesize sugars and other pathogenic substances using the glyoxylic acid cycle. So, the glyoxylic acid cycle may be involved in intestinal dysbacteriosis under high-fat diet. This study, therefore, seeks to provide the mechanism of how hydrogen improves metabolic diseases and a new basis for the use of hydrogen in the treatment of metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Effect of febuxostat on biochemical parameters of hyperlipidemia induced by a high-fat diet in rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 611-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Heikal ◽  
Ahmed A. Shaaban ◽  
Wagdi F. Elkashef ◽  
Tarek M. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Febuxostat, a highly potent xanthine oxidase inhibitor with an antioxidant effect, inhibits elevated xanthine oxidase, leading to reduction of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, the main causes of vascular inflammation in hyperlipidemia. The aim of this study was to test the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of febuxostat and (or) stopping a high-fat diet on the biochemical parameters in rabbits with hyperlipidemia induced by a high-fat diet. Male New Zealand rabbits were distributed into 3 groups: a normal control group fed standard chow for 12 weeks and 2 other groups fed a high-fat diet with 1% cholesterol for 8 weeks, and then shifted to standard chow for 4 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, one high-fat diet group received 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose, whereas the other group was treated with febuxostat (2 mg/kg per day p.o.). Febuxostat significantly lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (“bad” cholesterol) compared to the untreated group (high-fat diet group). Febuxostat also displayed a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity by decreasing serum levels of lipid peroxidation index, proinflammatory cytokines, and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity. Stopping the hyperlipidemic diet in the high-fat diet group did not show improvement. These findings indicate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of febuxostat that may be common mechanisms of the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of this drug. Stopping a hyperlipidemic diet without treatment is not sufficient once injury has occurred.

THE EFFECT OF A HIGH-FAT DIET ON GLUCOSE, INSULIN SENSITIVITY AND PLASMA INSULIN IN RATS

1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. BLÁZQUEZ ◽  
C. LOPEZ QUIJADA
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARY The influence of the diet on the levels of insulin was studied in rats on a high-fat diet. Plasma and glucose insulin concentrations of a control group and of rats on a high-fat diet were compared, and so was the insulin concentration in the pancreas of the two groups. The mean plasma insulin concentration in the control group was 40 μ-u./ml. and that of insulin extracted from the pancreas was 2·5 μg./100 mg. tissue; plasma glucose was 156 mg./100 ml. The animals fed on a high-fat diet showed diabetic features. The mean plasma insulin level was 9 μ-u./ml., and plasma glucose increased to 210 mg./100 ml. The insulin concentration in the pancreas was not significantly different from that in the controls. In vitro the epididymal fat and the diaphragm of the high-fat-diet group were less sensitive to insulin than the same tissues in the control group.

scholarly journals Regulating AMPKα and insulin level by Vinegar, Swimming and Refeeding on High-Fat Diet Rats to Rebuild Lipid Homeostasis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yang ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Xiao Xiao ◽  
Chunlian Ma ◽  
Hua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Better Regulation ◽  
Rice Vinegar

AbstractOur aims were to explore the effects of dietary and behavior interventions on lipometabolism caused by unhealthy high-fat diet and the best method to rebuild lipid homeostasis of this lifestyle. Apart from normal diet rats, 34 rats were fed with high-fat emulsion for 4 weeks before being divided into 4 groups and intervened for another 4 weeks. 8 of them were classified into high-fat control group and 9 were sorted into high-fat diet with rice vinegar group. Meanwhile, 10 were put into high-fat diet with swimming group and 7 were just for refeeding normal diet group. Then the data of body weight was recorded and analyzed. Serum, pancreas, liver, cardiac tissues and epididymis adipose were sampled as required. Indexes of serum were tested by kits. AMPKα, HNF1α, CTRP6 from tissues were detected by western blot. According to our experiments, Swimming and refeeding groups reflected a better regulation on lipid homeostasis mainly by up-regulating the expression of pancreas AMPKα. To be more specific, the refeeding rats showed lower T-CHO (P<0.001) and LDL-C (P<0.05), but higher weight gain (P<0.001),insulin level (P<0.01)and pancreas AMPKα (P<0.01)than high-fat control rats. Compared with rats experimented by swimming or rice vinegar, they showed higher weight gain (P<0.001),insulin level (P<0.01)and HNF1α, but lower of CTRP6. In summary, refeeding diet functioned better in regulating the lipometabolic level after high-fat diet. Whatever approach mentioned above we adopted to intervene, the best policy to keep the balance of lipid homeostasis is to maintain a healthy diet.

scholarly journals The Underlying Mechanisms of Curcumin Inhibition of Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Rats Fed High-fat Diet or a High-fat Diet Combined with STZ Treatment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-hong Xia ◽  
Wen-bo Chen ◽  
Li Shi ◽  
Xue Jiang ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Food Pellet ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat

Curcumin is the main secondary metabolites of Curcuma longa and other Curcuma spp, and has been reported to have some potential in preventing and treating some physiological disorders. This study investigated the effect curcumin in inhibiting high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in rats. Twenty-six male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (170-190 g) were randomly divided into a standard food pellet diet group (Control group), a high-fat diet and streptozotocin group (HF+STZ group), and a high-fat diet combined with curcumin and STZ group (HF+ Cur +STZ group). Compared with the HF+STZ group, the HF+Cur+STZ group exhibited significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (AST) and aspartate transaminase (ALT) levels, and liver coefficients; in the livers of these rats, the expression of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Bax was downregulated, whereas that of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Bcl-2 was upregulated. Moreover, the liver histology of these rats was improved and resembled that of the control rats. These results suggest that curcumin prevents high-fat diet and STZ-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, mainly via anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms in the liver.

scholarly journals The Underlying Mechanisms of Curcumin Inhibition of Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet Combined With STZ Treatment

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Hong Xia ◽  
Wen-Bo Chen ◽  
Li Shi ◽  
Xue Jiang ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Food Pellet ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat

Curcumin is the main secondary metabolite of Curcuma longa and other Curcuma spp, and has been reported to have some potential in preventing and treating some physiological disorders. This study investigated the effect of curcumin in inhibiting high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in rats. Twenty-six male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (170–190 g) were randomly divided into a standard food pellet diet group (Control group), a high-fat diet and streptozotocin group (HF + STZ group), and a high-fat diet combined with curcumin and STZ group (HF + Cur + STZ group). Compared with the HF + STZ group, the HF + Cur + STZ group exhibited significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (AST), and aspartate transaminase (ALT) levels, as well as liver coefficients. In the livers of these rats, the expression of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Bax was downregulated, whereas that of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Bcl-2 was upregulated. Moreover, the liver histology of these rats was improved and resembled that of the control rats. These results suggest that curcumin prevents high-fat diet and STZ-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, mainly via anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms in the liver.

scholarly journals Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Progression Delay After Brazilian Berry Extract Intake in Transgenic Mice (Tramp) Submitted to a High- Fat Diet (P05-016-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Cagnon ◽  
Ellen Lima ◽  
Celina Lamas ◽  
Andressa Baseggio ◽  
Larissa Kido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Tramp Mice ◽  
Peel Extract

Abstract Objectives Brazilian berries, such as Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg, present a high polyphenol concentration in the peel, showing an antioxidative property. The aim herein was to evaluate the antiangiogenic, antioxidant and proliferative effects of the Jaboticaba peel extract (patent BR 1020170054624) in early adenocarcinoma development in association with high-fat diet intake Methods Tramp mice were divided into 5 groups: Control group 8 (C8): 8 week-old mice; Control group 16 (C16): 16 week-old mice, standard diet; High-fat diet group (CH16): 16 week-old mice, high-fat diet; Jaboticaba standard diet group (JC): 16 week-old mice, standard diet and Jaboticaba intake; Jaboticaba high-fat diet group (HF): 16 week-old mice, high-fat diet and Jaboticaba intake. The 5.8 g Jaboticaba/Kg/body weight dose was administered five days per week for 2 months. The prostate was evaluated for proliferative, antiangiogenic and antioxidative markers, using morphology, immunohistochemistry and Western Blotting analyses. Results The prostate showed increased high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in the CH16 group. The Jaboticaba peel (JH group) led to decreased HGPIN. In both the JC and JH groups, a frequency increase of healthy prostatic epithelium was verified. A well-differentiated adenocarcinoma decrease was seen in the JC group. PCNA showed an increase in the CH16 group and a decrease in the JH group. VEGF had an increase in the CH16 group and a decrease after Jaboticaba peel extract intake. Catalase, SOD2, GR and 4HNE showed an increase in the CH16 group and all these molecules presented a decrease after Jaboticaba peel intake in the JH group. The TGFα protein level increased in the C16 and CH16 groups and decreased in the JC and JH groups. Conclusions To conclude, the high-fat diet intake intensified the severity of prostatic lesions. The Jaboticaba peel extract was effective in delaying prostatic adenocarcinoma progression, when administered at the early grades of cancer and considering the lesion severity. Jaboticaba peel intake showed antiangiogenic and antioxidant effects in the prostate, especially, after high-fat diet intake in Tramp mice, indicating a possible coadjuvant role of this natural compound in prostatic cancer therapy. Funding Sources Fapesp 18 045797.

scholarly journals Anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of Zingiber montanum extract

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1798
Author(s):  
Swandari Paramita ◽  
Meiliati Aminyoto ◽  
Sjarif Ismail ◽  
Enos Tangke Arung
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Diet Control

Background: Hypercholesterolemia, high cholesterol levels in the blood, can contribute to many forms of disease, most notably cardiovascular disease. Anti-hypercholesterolemic agents generally used for those conditions have several side effects for patients. Zingiber montanum, known locally as “bangle”, belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and is a potential plants for alternative anti-hypercholesterolemic agents. This plant, from East Kalimantan, is used in traditional medicine for health problems caused by high cholesterol levels. The aim of this research was to find alternatives to anti-hypercholesterolemic agents, especially from natural sources. Methods: This study was an experimental study using 30 Wistar male white rats. Subjects were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=5): (1) normal control group; (2) high fat diet control group; (3) high fat diet with simvastatin; (4-6) high fat diet with Zingiber montanum extracts 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. After 4 weeks of treatment, blood was collected from all groups, and plasma concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL) were measured. Results: The results showed significant differences in total cholesterol (p=0.000), LDL (p=0.000) and triglycerides (p=0.001) in the high-fat diet group with Z. montanum extract, as compared to the high-fat diet control. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in HDL levels (p=0.830) between the high-fat diet group and other groups. The results also showed significant differences in total cholesterol and LDLs for rats treated with Z. montanum extract, 100 mg/kg (p=0.000), 200 mg/kg (p=0.000), and 400 mg/kg (p=0.000) compared to the high-fat diet group. The result of Z. montanum 400 mg/kg also showed a significant reduction, not only for total cholesterol and LDLs, but also for triglycerides (p=0.030). Conclusion: It could be concluded that Z. montanum extracts have the potency to be further developed as a new natural source of the anti-hypercholesterolemic agents.

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