Physical health symptoms among Ethiopian returnees who were trafficked aboard

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lemma Derseh Gezie ◽  
Asmamaw Atinafu
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
P Value ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Stomach Pain

Abstract Background: There is a growing thought of considering human trafficking as a severe form of violence which usually results in various health outcomes including symptoms of physical health problems. Physical health symptoms could at least compromise victims’ future quality of life and productivity, and to the worst, it might be life threatening to them. This study examined the magnitude of physical health symptoms during the trafficking period and compared it with that of the period prior to the trafficking condition. Methods : A total of 1387 trafficking returnees from abroad via three trafficking corridors of Ethiopia were recruited consecutively. Among socio-demographic and other characteristics, data regarding physical health symptoms such as headaches, stomach pain, memory problems, back pain, tooth pain, injuries, vision problem, loss of appetite that were experienced during and prior to the trafficking period were collected. The proportions of physical health symptoms experienced during and prior to trafficking period were determined and compared using chi-square test. Results: Among all participants, 598 (46.79%) of them experienced weight loss during the trafficking period while it was only 106 (8.28%) before the trafficking period. The 38.50% extra prevalence of the problem that was experienced during the trafficking period was statistically significant (p< 0.0001). Similar significant differences were observed for symptoms such as forgetfulness (p < 0.0001), stomachache (p = 0.0039), gynecological problems (p = 0.041), bone fracture (p < 0.0001), back pain (p < 0.0001), and wound (p < 0.0001); but not significantly different for symptoms such as skin disease (p-value = 0.1944), tooth pain (p-value =0.6587), sight problem (p-value = 0.1306), and breathing problem (p=value = 0.3173). Conclusions: Returnees experienced higher rate of physical health symptoms during the trafficking period than that of pre-departure period confirming that violence and subsequent health problems are signature features of human trafficking. These negative health outcomes need to be investigated using longitudinal studies so that the long-term effects of human trafficking and associated traumatic experiences could be fully understood among the returnees.

scholarly journals Physical health symptoms among Ethiopian returnees who were trafficked aboard

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lemma Derseh Gezie ◽  
Asmamaw Atinafu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
Chi Square Test

Purpose There is a growing evidence of considering human trafficking as a severe form of violence which usually results in various health outcomes including symptoms of physical health problems. This study aims to examine the magnitude of physical health symptoms during the trafficking period and compare it with that of the period prior to it. Design/methodology/approach A total of 1,387 trafficking returnees from abroad via three trafficking corridors of Ethiopia were recruited consecutively. Among socio-demographic and other characteristics, data on various physical health symptoms that were experienced during the trafficking period and in the two years prior to trafficking were collected. The proportions of physical health symptoms experienced during the two periods were determined and compared using chi-square test. Findings Among all participants, 598 (46.79%) of them experienced weight loss during the trafficking period and 106 (8.28%) before the trafficking period. The extra 38.50% which was experienced during the trafficking period was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Similar significant differences were observed for symptoms such as forgetfulness (p < 0.0001), stomachache (p = 0.0039), gynecological problems (p = 0.041), bone fracture (p < 0.0001), back pain (p < 0.0001), and wound (p < 0.0001); but not significantly different for symptoms such as skin disease (p-value = 0.1944), tooth pain (p-value =0.6587) and sight problem (p-value = 0.1306). Originality/value Comparing the frequencies of physical health symptoms before and during the trafficking period among victims of trafficking is relatively a new approach to measure the nexus between Human trafficking and health problems.

scholarly journals Physical Health Symptoms and Hurricane Katrina: Individual Trajectories of Development and Recovery More Than a Decade After the Storm

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Meghan Zacher ◽  
Ethan J. Raker ◽  
Mariana C. Arcaya ◽  
Sarah R. Lowe ◽  
Jean Rhodes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Back Problems ◽  
Low Income Mothers

Objectives. To examine how physical health symptoms developed and resolved in response to Hurricane Katrina. Methods. We used data from a 2003 to 2018 study of young, low-income mothers who were living in New Orleans, Louisiana, when Hurricane Katrina struck in 2005 (n = 276). We fit logistic regressions to model the odds of first reporting or “developing” headaches or migraines, back problems, and digestive problems, and of experiencing remission or “recovery” from previously reported symptoms, across surveys. Results. The prevalence of each symptom increased after Hurricane Katrina, but the odds of developing symptoms shortly before versus after the storm were comparable. The number of traumatic experiences endured during Hurricane Katrina increased the odds of developing back and digestive problems just after the hurricane. Headaches or migraines and back problems that developed shortly after Hurricane Katrina were more likely to resolve than those that developed just before the storm. Conclusions. While traumatic experiences endured in disasters such as Hurricane Katrina appear to prompt the development of new physical symptoms, disaster-induced symptoms may be less likely to persist or become chronic than those emerging for other reasons.

Relationship dynamics and divorcing mothers’ adjustment: Moderating role of marital violence, negative life events, and social support

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 3651-3672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Hardesty ◽  
Brian G. Ogolsky ◽  
Marcela Raffaelli ◽  
Angela Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Marital Violence ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Health Symptoms

Longitudinal associations between postseparation relationship stressors (coparenting conflict and harassment) and health outcomes (depressive, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], and physical health symptoms) as moderated by contextual factors (i.e., marital intimate partner violence [IPV], negative life events, and social support) were examined in a sample of divorcing mothers. Respondents were 135 mothers recruited within 4 months of a divorce filing who participated in five interviews at 3-month intervals over a 1-year period. Multilevel modeling procedures used to account for the repeated assessments over time revealed direct associations between postseparation stressors and health outcomes differing based on IPV and negative life events. For example, coparenting conflict after separation was associated with higher levels of depressive, PTSD, and physical health symptoms among mothers who experienced no violence, whereas the opposite pattern was observed among mothers whose marriages were characterized by coercive controlling violence. Negative life events magnified that negative impact of coparenting conflict on mental and physical health. Contrary to expectation, social support did not diminish the negative health effects of postseparation stressors. Findings support the value of examining how distinct postseparation factors are associated with divorcing mothers’ health within the broader context against which the divorce process plays out.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk of violence and the mental, physical and sexual health problems associated with human trafficking: an updated systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ottisova ◽  
S. Hemmings ◽  
L.M. Howard ◽  
C. Zimmerman ◽  
S. Oram
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Stomach Pain ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Women And Girls

Background.To update and expand on a 2012 systematic review of the prevalence and risk of violence and the prevalence and risk of physical, mental and sexual health problems among trafficked people.Method.Systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches of 15 electronic databases of peer-reviewed articles and doctoral theses were supplemented by reference screening, citation tracking of included articles and expert recommendations. Studies were included if they reported on the prevalence or risk of violence while trafficked, or the prevalence or risk of physical, mental or sexual health outcomes among people who have been trafficked. Two reviewers independently screened papers for eligibility and appraised the quality of included studies.Results.Thirty-seven papers reporting on 31 studies were identified. The majority of studies were conducted in low and middle-income countries with women and girls trafficked into the sex industry. There is limited but emerging evidence on the health of trafficked men and the health consequences of trafficking into different forms of exploitation. Studies indicate that trafficked women, men and children experience high levels of violence and report significant levels of physical health symptoms, including headaches, stomach pain and back pain. Most commonly reported mental health problems include depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Although serological data on sexually transmitted infections are limited, women and girls trafficked for sexual exploitation self-report symptoms suggestive of a high prevalence of infections. Limitations of the review include methodological weaknesses of primary studies and some differences in definition and operationalisation of trafficking, which hinder comparability and generalisability of the results.Conclusions.There is increasing evidence human trafficking is associated with high prevalence and increased risk of violence and a range of physical and mental health problems. Although more studies have emerged in recent years reporting on the health of trafficked men and people trafficked for forms of exploitation other than in the sex industry, further research is needed in this area. Appropriate interventions and support services to address the multiple and serious medical needs, especially mental health, of trafficked people are urgently needed.

Physical Health of Members of the Public Who Experienced Terrorist Bombings in London on 07 July 2005

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Catchpole ◽  
Oliver Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
The Public ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
London Bombings

AbstractIntroduction:On 07 July 2005, four bombs were detonated in London, killing 52 members of the public. Approximately 700 individuals received treatment either at the scene or at nearby hospitals.Hypothesis/Problem:Significant concerns about the potential long-term psychological and physical health effects of exposure to the explosions were raised immediately after the bombings. To address these concerns, a public health register was established for the purpose of following-up with individuals exposed to the explosions.Methods:Invitations to enroll in the register were sent to individuals exposed to the explosions. A range of health, emergency, and humanitarian service records relating to the response to the explosions were used to identify eligible individuals. Follow-up was undertaken through self-administered questionnaires. The number of patients exposed to fumes, smoke, dust, and who experienced blood splashes, individuals who reported injuries, and the type and duration of health symptoms were calculated. Odds ratios of health symptoms by exposure for greater or less than 30 minutes were calculated.Results:A total of 784 eligible individuals were identified, of whom, 258 (33%) agreed to participate in the register, and 173 (22%) returned completed questionnaires between 8 to 23 months after the explosions. The majority of individuals reported exposure to fumes, smoke, or dust, while more than two-fifths also reported exposure to blood. In addition to cuts and puncture wounds, the most frequent injury was ear damage. Most individuals experienced health symptoms for less than four weeks, with the exception of hearing problems, which lasted longer. Four-fifths of individuals felt that they had suffered emotional distress and half of them were receiving counseling.Conclusions:The results indicated that the main long-term health effects, apart from those associated with traumatic amputations, were hearing loss and psychological disorders. While these findings provide a degree of reassurance of the absence of long-term effects, the low response rate limits the extent to which this can be extrapolated to all those exposed to the bombings. Given the importance of immediate assessment of the range and type of exposure and injury in incidents such as the London bombings, and the difficulties in contacting individuals after the immediate response phase, there is need to develop better systems for identifying and enrolling exposed individuals into post-incident health monitoring.

Transitioning Through Emerging Adulthood and Physical Health Implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Barlett ◽  
Natalie D. Barlett ◽  
Holly McCartney Chalk
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Physical Health Outcomes ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Adulthood Transition

Emerging adulthood represents a developmental period marked by many life transitions as 18- to 29-year-olds leave adolescence to adulthood. Some individuals can successfully navigate through this transitional period, whereas others may struggle. Past research has shown individual differences in the perceptions of the (un)success of emerging adulthood transition can predict mental health outcomes; however, there is a paucity of studies testing physical health outcomes. Emerging adult participants ( N > 2,000) completed measures of emerging adulthood, stress, sex, and somatic physical health symptoms, and results showed that the perceptions of emerging adulthood dimensions representative of an unsuccessful transition (negativity/instability) positively predicted stress and somatic physical health concerns, but positive emerging adulthood transition dimensions (experimentation/possibilities) negatively predicted these outcomes. Further, stress mediated the simple relationships between the aforementioned emerging adulthood dimensions and physical health symptoms. Finally, despite sex differences in all measured variables, participant sex did not moderate these overall relationships.

Assimilation of traumatic experiences and physical-health outcomes: Cautions for the Pennebaker paradigm.

Psychotherapy ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Honos-Webb ◽  
Elizabeth A. Harrick ◽  
William B. Stiles ◽  
Crystal L. Park
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Physical Health Outcomes

scholarly journals Faktor yang berhubungan dengan Keluhan Low Back Pain (LBP) pada Pekerja Perajin Batu Bata di Kabupaten Seluma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Andriana Marwanto ◽  
Agus Widada ◽  
Riang Adeko ◽  
Prasetyawati Prasetyawati
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Work Attitudes ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Attitude ◽  
Chi Square Test

Occupational health absolutely must be implemented in work, both informal and formal industries. Activities that can cause health problems are improper work attitudes such as sitting, standing, bending, squatting, walking, and others. Health problems related to work attitudes are complaints of low back pain (LBP). This type of research is a descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. Research respondents are brick workers in Babatan Seluma Village with 60 workers. Data were obtained by interviewing the respondents' characteristics, years of service, work attitudes, and complaints of LBP. Data analysis was carried out using the Chi-Square test to determine the relationship between variables and the logistic regression test to determine the factors most at risk for the occurrence of complaints. The results showed that 51.70% of the respondents were less than 40 years old, the respondent's working period of more than 10 years was 51.80%, and most of the respondents (56.70%) had non-ergonomic work attitudes. This study shows a relationship between age, tenure, and work attitude towards LBP complaints with a p-value (0.040; 0.050; 0.016). Workers are expected to work according to an ergonomic work attitude to avoid LBP complaints.

Sticks, stones, and stress: PTSD symptoms and pain catastrophizing mediate the association between peer victimization and poor physical health

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Knack ◽  
Benjamin Towns
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Poor Physical Health ◽  
Being Bullied

Abstract Introduction: Being bullied, also known as peer victimization, is a significant social stressor robustly associated with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms, pain catastrophizing, and poor physical health. Although much of the research on this topic has been correlational, longitudinal studies have found that being bullied predicts the development of physical health and mental health symptoms in children and college students. However, the interrelationships (mediation) between PTSD, pain catastrophizing, and physical health as they relate to peer victimization is unclear. In the current study we sought to better establish a pathway among peer victimization, PTSD symptoms, pain catastrophizing, and physical health symptoms. Method: College students (N = 275) in an engineering and technology research university in upstate New York participated. Participants completed assessments of peer victimization, PTSD symptoms, pain catastrophizing, and physical health symptoms. Results: Consistent with previous research, peer victimization was significantly correlated with frequency and severity of physical health problems, PTSD symptoms (reexperiencing, avoidance, and arousal), and pain catastrophizing (rumination, magnification, and helplessness). Significant mediational models were also established, where both PTSD symptoms and pain magnification each mediated the association between peer victimization and severity of health problems. Conclusions: The current research further elucidates the interrelationship among PTSD symptoms, pain catastrophizing, and health problems resulting from peer victimization. The current study expands the current understanding of interrelationships of these variables and provides implications for interventions and treatment. Keywords: Peer victimization, bullying, PTSD symptoms, physical health

scholarly journals Health consequences of sex trafficking: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-150
Author(s):  
P. Simkhada ◽  
E. Van Teijlingen ◽  
A. Sharma ◽  
P. Bissell ◽  
A. Poobalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Stomach Pain ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
Women And Children

Background: Sex trafficking is one of the most common forms of human trafficking globally. It is associated with health, emotional, social, moral and legal problems. The victims of sex trafficking when returned home are often ignored. This study aimed to explore the health consequences of sex trafficking among women and children.Methods: Medline EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL were systematically searched, from date of inception to July 2016 using a combination of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and text words on health risks and consequences of sex trafficking. Electronic searches were supplemented by searching the reference lists of included papers and citation tracking. Both Qualitative and quantitative primary studies published in English and exploring health-related problems among sex trafficked women and children were included in this review. Health outcomes considered were: physical, psychological or social risks and consequences of sex trafficking among women and children. No restrictions were applied to geographical regions as sex trafficking involves victims being trafficked between different countries, and within countries. Data were extracted and study quality independently appraised by two reviewers and narrative synthesis was conducted for this review.Results: A total of fifteen articles were included covering health risks and well-being related to sex trafficking. Sexual and physical violence among victims such as rape and repetitive stress and physical injuries were common. The prevalence of STI (sexually transmitted infections) and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) was also reported as high. Being trafficked at a young age, having been in brothels for a longer period and sexual violence and forced prostitution were linked with a higher risk for HIV infection. Physical health problems reported included headaches, fatigue, dizziness, back pain, memory problem, stomach pain, pelvic pain, gynaecological infections, weight loss, lesions or warts, unwanted pregnancies and abortions. The studies on mental health reported that depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were commonly reported health consequences among sex trafficking victims.Conclusion: there is a compelling need for interventions raising awareness about sex trafficking among young girls and women most at risk of being trafficked. Most studies in this review have focussed on the physical health problems of the trafficked victims although there is also remarkable mental burden amongst those victims. Key policy makers, government officials, public health officials, health care providers, legal authorities and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) should be made aware about the health risks and consequences of trafficking. Trafficking consequences should be recognised as a health issue and all the sectors involved including regulating bodies should collaborate to fight against sex trafficking. Due to the heterogeneity of the articles, no meta-analysis could be conducted.JMMIHS.2018;4(1):130-150

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