scholarly journals Sport policy and practice: Why a focus on retention of sport participants is required for both health and performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochelle Eime ◽  
Melanie Charity ◽  
Hans Westerbeek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Pathway Model ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Sport Policy

Abstract Background: Australia like many developed countries is largely an inactive nation. Participation in sport, a form of leisure-time physical activity, can contribute to a range of individual and community health benefits. National sport policy often has a dual focus on population-based participation, and elite performance. Whist there are various sport models depicting the pathway to elite, there has been no strategic population-level sport participation pathway model developed as a guide towards increasing sport participation. The aim of this study is to explore sport participation across age groups and develop a neutral (conceptual) model that does not favour community or elite sport and that highlights the critical participation transition points including drop-out, and specifically for children and youth. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal analysis of sport participation records for 8 major sports from 2015-2017 for children and young people aged 4-29 years. Individual participation within sports was tracked from 2015 and subsequent years 2016 and 2017. Results: The total number of participants was 579,696. Only half 50.8% played continuously for the three years, 44.7% dropped out, and 4.5 played discontinuously. Drop-out was highest for those aged 4 (57.0%), and lowest for those aged 10-14 years (39.3%). From the retention and drop-out participation patterns across the lifespan, in conjunction with the published literature on sport policy and participation, we developed the Sport Participation Pathway Model (SPPM). The SPPM conceptually depicts sport participation and in doing so emphasises the significant drop-out of sport. Conclusion: The retention data and the SPPM, demonstrates the trends in participation in sport and the high drop-out of competitive club-based sport. Those who manage and govern sport need to better recognise that club-based sport is merely one component of a range of leisure-time physical activities. If sport is to have an increased impact on making populations more active, then the evidence about the participation patterns and significant drop-out should be used to justify a re-focus on retention. We also recommend that the collection, analysis and reporting of longitudinal physical activity and sport participation data is expanded, to better serve policy evaluation and redirection.

scholarly journals Sport policy and practice: Why a focus on retention is required for both health and performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochelle Eime ◽  
Melanie Charity ◽  
Hans Westerbeek
Keyword(s):  
Leisure Time ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Pathway Model ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Sport Policy

Abstract Background: Australia like many developed countries is largely an inactive nation. Participation in sport, a form of leisure-time physical activity, can contribute to a range of individual and community health benefits. National sport policy often has a dual focus on population-based participation, and elite performance. Whist there are various sport models depicting the pathway to elite, there has been no strategic population-level sport participation pathway model developed as a guide towards increasing sport participation across the lifespan. The aim of this study therefore is to explore sport participation across the lifespan and develop a neutral model that does not favour community or elite sport and that highlights the critical participation transition points including drop-out. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal analysis of sport participation records for 8 major sports from 2015-2017, whereby individual participation within sports was tracked from 2015 and subsequent years 2016 and 2017. Results: The total number of participants analysed was 579,696. In 2017, port participation rates were highest for those aged 10-14 years (61.3%), followed by those children within the 5-9 year age group (51.7%). However, 44.7% of all participants dropped out within two years of the base year. From these participation rates across the lifespan in conjunction with the published literature, on sport policy and participation, we developed the Sport Participation Pathway Model (SPPM). The SPPM depicts current sport participation and in doing so emphasises the significant drop-out of sport across the lifespan. Conclusion: At a population level, competitive club-based sport alone is not going to solve the physical inactivity epidemic. Our SPPM, and the new (retention related) data presented in this paper, demonstrates the population trends in participation in sport and the high drop-out of competitive club-based sport. We suggest that for people to (eventually) become active sport participants, the (recruitment) narrative could be changed towards (first) engaging people in leisure time physical activities. We feel that this can only be done by developing an integrated policy system across the PA-sport spectrum rather than looking at sport participation in a closed (club-based) system. The SPPM can be used to developing a more integrated PA-Sport participation model.

Sport policy and practice: Why a focus on retention of children and young people as sport participants is required for both health and performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochelle Eime ◽  
Melanie Charity ◽  
Hans Westerbeek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young People ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Pathway Model ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Sport Policy

Abstract Background: Australia like many developed countries is largely an inactive nation. Participation in sport, a form of leisure-time physical activity, can contribute to a range of individual and community health benefits. National sport policy often has a dual focus on population-based participation, and elite performance. Whist there are various sport models depicting the pathway to elite, there has been no strategic population-level sport participation pathway model developed as a guide towards increasing sport participation across the lifespan. The aim of this study is to explore sport participation across the lifespan and develop a neutral (conceptual) model that does not favour community or elite sport and that highlights the critical participation transition points including drop-out. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal analysis of sport participation records for 8 major sports from 2015-2017 for children and young people aged 4-29 years. Individual participation within sports was tracked from 2015 and subsequent years 2016 and 2017. Results: The total number of participants was 579,696. Only half 50.8% played continuously for the three years, 44.7% dropped out, and 4.5 played discontinuously. Drop-out was highest for those aged 4 (57.0%), and lowest for those aged 10-14 years (39.3%). From the retention and drop-out participation patterns across the lifespan, in conjunction with the published literature on sport policy and participation, we developed the Sport Participation Pathway Model (SPPM). The SPPM conceptually depicts current sport participation and in doing so emphasises the significant drop-out of sport across the lifespan. Conclusion: Sport policy should focus on retention strategies. Further, a population level, competitive club-based sport alone is not going to solve the physical inactivity epidemic. Our SPPM, and the new (retention related) data presented in this paper, demonstrates the population trends in participation in sport and the high drop-out of competitive club-based sport. We suggest that for people to eventually become active sport participants, the recruitment narrative could be changed towards, first, engaging people in leisure time physical activities. We feel that this can only be done by developing an integrated policy system across the physical activity-sport spectrum rather than looking at sport participation in a closed (club-based) system.

scholarly journals The Physical Activity and Sport Participation Framework—A Policy Model Toward Being Physically Active Across the Lifespan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Westerbeek ◽  
Rochelle Eime
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Policy Model ◽  
Sport Policy

The changing social and policy context in which sport is produced, delivered, and consumed is considered as a foundation for proposing a new integrated framework that incorporates participation in sport with participation in leisure-time physical activity (PA) more broadly. In order to position sport in the broader context of leisure-time PA, the concept of physical literacy is reviewed and integrated into the theoretical foundations of a new lifespan framework. It is argued that historically, sport policy largely focused on competitive club-based sport and elite performance and that in line with this, talent development pathway models were developed and implemented. However, with increasing physical inactivity globally, these models do not apply to the general population. This is why we propose a population-based “whole of sport ecosystem” lifespan model—the Physical Activity and Sport Participation (PASP) framework. We conclude that this framework may serve as a holistic policy and implementation guide for all in the sport ecosystem. This includes governmental PA and sport policy makers, sport governing bodies and clubs, and the ever-increasing range of private PA and sport providers and also health agencies. In recognition of the changing patterns of participation in PA and sport across the lifespan, the PASP framework can contribute to coordinated and integrated PA and sport policy development, which, in turn, can lead to strategies that tackle the global physical inactivity crisis.

scholarly journals Pengenalpastian Faktor Psikologi yang Menentukan Penglibatan Pelajar Universiti Awam Tempatan dalam Aktiviti Fizikal Masa Senggang

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIM KHONG CHIU ◽  
KHOR POY HUA ◽  
RADZLIYANA RADZUWAN
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
University Management ◽  
Motivation Level ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The University

The purpose of this study is to identify the infuence of attitude, self-effcacy, and motivation on leisure time physical activity and sport participation among students in the Malaysia public universities. The study sample comprised of 551 male and 801 female undergraduates who were selected by means of random cluster sampling. Questionnaires were utilized to collect data. The results of the study showed that there were positive correlations among leisure attitude, motivation, self-effcacy and leisure time physical activity and sport participation among undergraduate students. The results also revealed that motivation and self-effcacy were the best predictors of leisure time physical activity and sport participation. This study suggests that in the effort to encourage the student’s leisure time physical activity and sport participation and involvement, the university management should plan and organize programmes to develop positive attitude among students, increase their self- effcacy and motivation level of physical activity and sport participation.  

scholarly journals Epidemiology of leisure-time physical activity: a population-based study in southern Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa ◽  
Pedro Curi Hallal ◽  
Jonathan Charles Kingdon Wells ◽  
Tiago Daltoé ◽  
Sandra Costa Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

We aimed to measure the prevalence of physical inactivity (PI) during leisure time and to identify variables associated with it in a southern Brazilian adult population. A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out, covering a multiple-stage sample of 1,968 subjects aged 20-69 years. Weekly participation in leisure-time physical activity was addressed. For each activity, energy expenditure was calculated using data on duration, metabolic equivalent, and body weight. Energy expenditures of individual activities were summed to give a weekly total. PI was defined as fewer than 1,000 kilocalories per week. The prevalence of PI was 80.7% (95%CI: 78.9-82.4). After adjusted analyses, the following variables were positively associated with the outcome: female gender, age, living with a partner, and smoking. Schooling and economic status were inversely associated with PI. Chronically undernourished individuals were significantly more likely to be inactive. We found no differences according to skin color or alcohol consumption. In conclusion, the prevalence of PI in this adult population was higher than in populations from developed countries, but the associated variables were similar.

scholarly journals How Consistent are Genetic Factors in Explaining Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Sport Participation? The Portuguese Healthy Families Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Pereira ◽  
Peter T. Katzmarzyk ◽  
Thayse N. Gomes ◽  
Robert Elston ◽  
José Maia
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Sibling Correlations ◽  
Younger Age

This study investigates how consistent genetic factors are, as measured by heritability estimates (h2), in the leisure-time physical activity index (LTPAI) and sport participation index (SPI) from early (10–14 yrs) to late adolescence (15–19 yrs). The sample comprises 12,385 subjects from 3,378 Portuguese nuclear families. Height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and the LTPAI and SPI were estimated by questionnaire. Socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed by parental occupation. Analyses were done using S.A.G.E. software. Our results showed that h2 estimates for the LTPAI and SPI in the two age groups (10–14 yrs and 15–19 yrs) were stable: for the LTPAI, h2 = 0.297 and 0.322, respectively; and for the SPI, h2 = 0.413 and 0.428, respectively. Sibling correlations and environmental correlations are higher in the younger age group for both the LTPAI and the SPI. Spousal correlations are higher in the younger age group for the LTPAI and lower for the SPI than the older group. Parent–offspring correlations are similar in both age groups for the LTPAI and SPI. In conclusion, the influence of genetic factors on physical activity and sport participation remains stable across age in adolescence. However, variation in sibling correlations — in particular, environmental correlations — was observed. These findings suggest that shared/non-shared environmental factors express different degrees of importance across age. Future intervention programs aiming to promote change in behaviors need to consider these results to bring about positive changes in physical activity and sport participation behaviors within the family setting.

Mothers and Fathers Both Matter: The Positive Influence of Parental Physical Activity Modeling on Children’s Leisure-Time Physical Activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Schoeppe ◽  
Markus Röbl ◽  
Sebastian Liersch ◽  
Christian Krauth ◽  
Ulla Walter
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Child Reports ◽  
Activity Modeling ◽  
Parental Physical Activity

Purpose:To investigate associations between maternal and paternal sport participation, and children’s leisure-time physical activity, and to explore differences by child gender.Method:The sample comprised 737 year five students (mean age: 11.0 ± 0.6 years, 52% male) recruited through the Fit for Pisa Project which was conducted in 2008 at 6 secondary schools in Goettingen, Germany. Maternal and paternal sport participation were assessed through child reports of mothers’ and fathers’ weekly participation in sport. Children’s leisure-time physical activity was measured as minutes/week that children engaged in organized and nonorganized sport. Multiple linear regression was used to assess associations between maternal and paternal sport participation, and children’s leisure-time physical activity.Results:Both maternal and paternal sport participation were positively associated with children’s leisure-time physical activity (maternal: b = 34.20, p < .001; paternal: b = 25.32, p < .05). When stratifying analyses by child gender, maternal sport participation remained significantly associated with leisure-time physical activity in girls (b = 60.64, p < .001). In contrast, paternal sport participation remained significantly associated with leisure-time physical activity in boys (b = 43.88, p < .01).Conclusion:Both maternal and paternal modeling positively influence children’s leisure-time physical activity.

scholarly journals Association between Neighborhood Parks and Leisure-time Physical Activity among Adult Mexican Women (Asociación entre parques de barrio y actividad física recreativa en mujeres mexicanas adultas)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 544-554
Author(s):  
María Hilda García-Pérez ◽  
Francisco Lara-Valencia
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Las Mujeres

   Although an extensive literature in developed countries suggests that elements of the urban built environment stimulate physical activity with beneficial health effects, information about this link in developing countries is still scarce. This study examines whether women's leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is associated with neighborhood socioeconomic status, presence of public parks, and sociodemographic and health characteristics of women living in a mid-size Mexican city. A multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to test the association among a sample of adult women (N=1,285) in Hermosillo, Mexico. The analysis links two measures of LTPA to several metrics on park accessibility and neighborhood socioeconomic status. Twenty-two percent of women engaged in neighborhood-based physical activity (NPA), while 29% engaged in overall physical activity (OPA). After adjusting by neighborhood socioeconomic status and individual-level variables, parks density, park-to-people ratio, combined parks' service areas, or distance to the nearest park were not related with NPA and OPA. Neighborhood socioeconomic status was the only contextual variable with a significant influence on women's NPA (AOR 1.05; 95% CI 0.99-1.10) and OPA (AOR=1.06; 95% CI 1.01, 1.12). After controlling for neighborhood-level variables, women's age and education were also statistically associated with physical activity. Based on the indicators used in this study, findings do not support a connection between the presence of parks and women's physical activity in Hermosillo's neighborhoods. Resumen. Aunque numerosos estudios en países desarrollados sugieren que algunos elementos del ambiente urbano construido estimulan la actividad física, con efectos benéficos sobre la salud, el estudio de esta relación sigue siendo escasa en países en desarrollo. Este estudio examina la asociación entre la actividad física recreativa (AFR), y el estatus socioeconómico del barrio, la presencia de parques públicos, y las características sociodemográficas y de salud de mujeres residentes de una ciudad mexicana de tamaño medio. El análisis usa una regresión logística multinivel para probar esta relación en una muestra de mujeres adultas (n=1,285) en Hermosillo, México. El análisis relaciona dos medidas de AFR con indicadores de accesibilidad a parques y el estatus socioeconómico del barrio. Veintidós por ciento de las mujeres realizaron actividad física en su barrio (NPA), mientras que 29% realizó actividad física general (OPA). Después de controlar el estatus socioeconómico del barrio y variables individuales, la densidad de parques, la razón parque-individuo, la suma de las áreas de servicio de los parques, y la distancia al parque más cercano, no estuvieron asociados con NPA y OPA. El estatus socioeconómico del barrio fue la única variable a nivel contextual asociada con NPA (AOR 1.05; 95% CI 0.99-1.10) y OPA (AOR=1.06; 95% CI 1.01, 1.12). Luego de controlar las variables de contexto, la edad y la educación de las mujeres estuvieron asociadas con la AFR. Conforme a los indicadores utilizados, los resultados no confirman una asociación entre la presencia de parques de barrio y AFR entre mujeres residentes de Hermosillo.

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