scholarly journals Candida prevalence and oral hygiene due to orthodontic therapy with conventional brackets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Grzegocka ◽  
Paweł Krzyściak ◽  
Anna Hille-Padalis ◽  
Jolanta E. Loster ◽  
Katarzyna Talaga-Ćwiertnia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Fixed Appliance ◽  
Orthodontic Therapy ◽  
Oral Candidosis ◽  
Conventional Brackets ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: Conventional brackets are often used during orthodontic therapy of patients with malocclusion. The complex construction of such brackets greatly inhibits oral hygiene, which predisposes to increased carriage of microbiota. Orthodontic brackets could act as reservoir of yeast and predispose to oral candidosis. The aim of this study was to assess Candida prevalence and the role of oral hygiene during fixed appliance therapy. A further aim was to characterize the isolated yeasts according to their ability to form biofilms. Methods: Seventeen participants (average age 17 ± 7 years) were monitored by taking oral rinses and elastomeric ligature samples, and by evaluating the approximal plaque index (API) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) before and after placement of the orthodontic conventional brackets for twelve weeks. Isolated yeasts were counted and biofilm formation was evaluated. Results: One hundred and sixteen samples (67 oral rinses and 49 orthodontic elastomers) were collected. Ten patients (58.8% subjects) were Candida-carriers (two were colonized after bracket placement) and C. albicans was the most common species. The average number of yeasts in the oral cavity showed some fluctuation during the study, but in general had an upward trend (adj. R2 = 0.7967, p = 0.07025). A correlation was found between median number of yeasts and the periodontal indices (API, GBI). The average API values decreased in the Candida-carriers (adj. R2 = 0.95; p = 0.01709), while average GBI values increased in the noncarriers (adj. R2 = 0.92; p = 0.0256). Conclusions: Treatment with orthodontic appliances promotes Candida yeast colonization, which is variable over time in terms of strain and species, with dominance of C. albicans, and without increased biofilm-forming activity. The API value decreases over time in carriers, and the GBI value increases in uncolonized patients, which may have predictive significance for the development of oral candidiasis during orthodontic treatment.

scholarly journals Candida prevalence and oral hygiene due to orthodontic therapy with conventional brackets

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Grzegocka ◽  
Paweł Krzyściak ◽  
Anna Hille-Padalis ◽  
Jolanta E. Loster ◽  
Katarzyna Talaga-Ćwiertnia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Fixed Appliance ◽  
Orthodontic Therapy ◽  
Oral Candidosis ◽  
Conventional Brackets ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Conventional brackets are often used during orthodontic therapy of patients with malocclusion. The complex construction of such brackets greatly inhibits oral hygiene, which predisposes to increased carriage of microbiota. Orthodontic brackets could act as reservoir of yeast and predispose to oral candidosis. The aim of this study was to assess Candida prevalence and the role of oral hygiene during fixed appliance therapy. A further aim was to characterize the isolated yeasts according to their ability to form biofilms. Methods Seventeen participants (average age 17 ± 7 years) were monitored by taking oral rinses and elastomeric ligature samples, and by evaluating the approximal plaque index (API) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) before and after placement of the orthodontic conventional brackets for 12 weeks. Isolated yeasts were counted and biofilm formation was evaluated. Results One hundred and sixteen samples (67 oral rinses and 49 orthodontic elastomers) were collected. Ten patients (58.8% subjects) were Candida-carriers (two were colonized after bracket placement) and C. albicans was the most common species. The average number of yeasts in the oral cavity showed some fluctuation during the study, but in general had an upward trend (adj. R2 = 0.7967, p = 0.07025). A correlation was found between median number of yeasts and the periodontal indices (API, GBI). The average API values decreased in the Candida-carriers (adj. R2 = 0.95; p = 0.01709), while average GBI values increased in the noncarriers (adj. R2 = 0.92; p = 0.0256). Conclusions Treatment with orthodontic appliances promotes Candida yeast colonization, which is variable over time in terms of strain and species, with dominance of C. albicans, and without increased biofilm-forming activity. The API value decreases over time in carriers, and the GBI value increases in uncolonized patients, which may have predictive significance for the development of oral candidiasis during orthodontic treatment.

scholarly journals Candida prevalence and oral hygiene due to orthodontic therapy with conventional brackets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Grzegocka ◽  
Paweł Krzyściak ◽  
Anna Hille-Padalis ◽  
Jolanta E. Loster ◽  
Katarzyna Talaga-Ćwiertnia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Fixed Appliance ◽  
Orthodontic Therapy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Conventional Brackets ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: Conventional brackets are often used during orthodontic therapy of patients with malocclusion. T heir complicated construction greatly inhibits oral hygiene, which predisposes to increased carriage of microbiota. Orthodontic brackets could be a reservoir of yeast and predispose to oral candidosis.Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess Candida prevalence and role of oral hygiene during fixed appliance therapy. Further aim was to characterize isolated yeasts according to their ability to biofilm formation.Methods: Seventeen participants (average age 17 ± 7 years) were monitored by taking oral rinses, elastomeric ligatures samples and evaluation of Approximal Plaque Index (API) and Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) before and after placement of orthodontic conventional brackets for 12 weeks. Isolated yeasts w ere counted and biofilm formation was evaluated.Results: One hundred and sixteen samples (67 oral rinses and 49 orthodontic elastomers) were collected. Ten patients (58.8% subjects) were Candida-carriers (2 were colonized after bracket placement) and C. albicans was the most common species. The average number of yeasts in the oral cavity showed some fluctuation during the study but in general with an upward trend (adj. R2 = 0.7967, p = 0.07025). The correlation of median number of yeasts with periodontal indexes (API, GBI) was found. I n Candida-carries average API values decreased (adj. R 2 = 0.95; p = 0.01709), while in non- Candida -carriers average GBI values increased (adj. R 2 = 0.92; p = 0.0256).Conclusions: Treatment with orthodontic appliances promotes Candida yeast colonization which is variable over time in terms of strain and species, with domination of C. albicans, without an increased biofilm-forming activity. In carriers, the API value decreases over time, and in non-colonized patients the GBI value increases – which may have a predictive significance for the development of oral candidiasis during orthodontic treatment.

scholarly journals Candida prevalence and oral hygiene due to orthodontic therapy with conventional brackets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Grzegocka ◽  
Paweł Krzyściak ◽  
Katarzyna Talaga-Ćwiertnia ◽  
Bartłomiej W. Loster
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Orthodontic Brackets ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Orthodontic Therapy ◽  
Oral Candidosis ◽  
Determine Role ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Conventional Brackets

Abstract Background Conventional brackets are often used during orthodontic therapy patients with malocclusion. Nevertheless, their complicated construction greatly inhibits oral hygiene, which predisposes to the increased carriage of the microbiota. It seems that orthodontic brackets could be a reservoir of yeast and predisposing to develop oral candidosis. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess changes in Candida species prevalence and periodontal parameters after orthodontic brackets placement in patients who received oral hygiene instruction; to determine role of elastic ligatures in those changes; to characterize isolated yeasts according to their ability to biofilm formation. Patients/Methods 17 participants (average age 17±7 years) have been monitored by taking oral rinses, elastomeric ligatures samples and evaluation of API and GBI Indexes before and after placement of orthodontic conventional brackets for 12 weeks. Isolated yeasts was counted and used to the biofilm formation assay. Results 116 samples (67 oral rinses and 49 orthodontic elastomers) were collected. 51% of patients were carriers of Candida in which C. albicans was the most common species. The average number of colonies (CFU/ml) obtained from oral rinses showed an upward trend depending on duration of the study and some correlation with periodontal indexes (API, GBI) was found. One third of the analysed strains have shown ability to form greater biofilm than control strain. Conclusions Orthodontic ligatures surface permit biofilms creation and orthodontic brackets change dynamic oral microbiota. Maintaining proper oral hygiene is crucial for every orthodontic patient.

scholarly journals Changes in Distribution of Dental Biofilm after Insertion of Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5638
Author(s):  
Urszula Kozak ◽  
Agnieszka Lasota ◽  
Renata Chałas
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
General Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Fixed Appliance ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Supragingival Plaque ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
The Impact

Good oral hygiene is an important factor in oral and general health, especially in orthodontic patients, because fixed appliances might impede effective oral hygiene and thus increase the risks of tooth decay, periodontal disease and general health complications. This study investigated the impact of fixed orthodontic appliances on the distribution of dental biofilm in teenagers. Supragingival plaque was assessed at T0, T1 and T2. The distribution of the biofilm was analyzed. Approximal Plaque Index (API) and Bonded Bracket Index (BBI) were used to measure the presence of dental plaque. After insertion of the fixed appliance, the dental plaque indices values in the orthodontically treated group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the control group. Fixed orthodontic appliances caused significant changes in the distribution of the biofilm. This was characterized by the change of location of the dental plaque. In the orthodontic group, we observed an increase in the amount of the supragingival plaque on the vestibular surface of the teeth.

scholarly journals Orthodontic Fixed Appliance and Periodontal Status: An Updated Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 614-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Cerroni ◽  
Guido Pasquantonio ◽  
Roberta Condò ◽  
Loredana Cerroni
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
English Language ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Fixed Appliance ◽  
Orthodontic Therapy ◽  
Fixed Appliances

Background: Periodontal implications of orthodontic therapy are frequent, gingival and periodontal conditions need to be evaluated for every appointment. Several studies have analyzed the effects of fixed appliance on periodontal health. Objective: To evaluate whether there is updated scientific evidence on the relationship between fixed orthodontic therapy and periodontal health. Methods: A literature search was performed using the Pubmed and Cochrane databases and manual search; the search was carried out using the keywords “orthodontic” and “periodontal”. Articles published only in the English language from January 1997 to April 2017 were included. The inclusion criteria were: RCTs, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies and case-control studies only in English language; only studies on humans, with a minimum sample size of 20 patients and no restriction in terms of patient ages; orthodontic fixed appliances placed into the buccal tooth surface; standardization and training in oral hygiene; Periodontal Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Pocket Probing Depth (PPD), at least at baseline (before appliance was placed) and after follow up (with a minimum period of 3 months). The exclusion criteria were as follows: absence of baseline data before fixed appliances was placed; patients with systemic diseases, periodontal disease or craniofacial anomalies; removable appliances or orthodontic appliance on the lingual dental surface; and no standardization or training in oral hygiene. Studies were selected by abstract and title; then, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria were evaluated and classified as having low, moderate or high methodology quality. Results: Fifty-five records were reviewed on the basis of title and abstract. After full-text reading, 47 full texts were excluded, and 3 articles were classified as having low methodological quality and 5 as having moderate methodological quality. Conclusions: The present systematic analysis suggests that there is moderate scientific evidence that a fixed appliance influences periodontal status; no article reported a high score.

scholarly journals Alterations in plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation promoted by treatment with self-ligating and conventional orthodontic brackets

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio de Almeida Cardoso ◽  
Patrícia Pinto Saraiva ◽  
Liliana Ávila Maltagliati ◽  
Fernando Kleinübing Rhoden ◽  
Carla Cristina Alvarenga Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Clinical Attachment Level ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Conventional Brackets ◽  
Oral Hygiene Instructions ◽  
Attachment Level ◽  
Lower Arch

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate, comparatively, the periodontal response during orthodontic treatment performed with self-ligating and conventional brackets. METHODS: Sixteen Caucasian individuals of both sexes, aged between 12 and 16 years old and in permanent dentition were selected. Eight individuals were treated with conventional brackets installed on the lower dental arch and self-ligating brackets on the upper arch. Another eight individuals received self-ligating brackets in the lower arch and conventional brackets in the upper arch. The subjects received material and instructions for oral hygiene. Visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were evaluated just after installation of orthodontic appliances, and 30, 60 and 180 days later. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare differences between groups (self-ligating and conventional), two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test was used to assess CAL at each site of each tooth. Significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: No significant changes were found with regard to the assessed parameters (VPI, GBI and CAL) in either one of the systems. CONCLUSION: No significant changes were found with regard to the periodontal response to orthodontic treatment for the variables assessed and between subjects receiving passive self-ligating and conventional brackets. All individuals had received oral hygiene instructions and had their periodontal conditions monitored.

scholarly journals Clinical and microbiological signs of oral candidosis in patients with COVID-19 receiving different pathogenetic therapy and having different levels of oral hygiene

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
E. A. Satygo ◽  
I. G. Bakulin
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Plaque Score ◽  
Oral Candidosis ◽  
Early Markers ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Different Levels

Relevance. A lot of researchers consider that COVID-19 patients may develop fungal infections at the middle or late stages of the disease, which may in turn deteriorate the course of the main disease. Our purpose was to analyze the signs of oral fungal infections in coronavirus patients with different levels of oral hygiene and receiving various treatment. Materials and methods. 90 new coronavirus patients (CT-1, CT-2) of mean age 53.98 ± 1.06 y.o. were examined during the study. The prevalence of Candida yeast-like fungi and contamination were analyzed in three patient groups according to the oral hygiene level and the main disease therapy. The oral hygiene level was assessed by O*Leary plaque score index; all teeth were dyed and the ratio of the stained surfaces to all surfaces was calculated. Results. The three group results showed that Candida fungi were significantly more often encountered in patients with O*Leary plaque index of more than 50% in comparison with patients with O*Leary plaque control index from 0 to 50%. Clinical signs of candidiasis, such as tongue coating, peeling of the lips, cracks at the lip corners, are more often diagnosed in patients with low oral hygiene level (more than 50% of the surfaces stained). Conclusion. If tests for opportunistic fungal infections are positive in COVID-19 patients, especially in case of concomitant neutropenia, indications for additional antifungal therapy should be considered. Clinical signs of oral candidiasis and high contamination of the oral cavity with Candida fungi, as well as the oral hygiene level, can be the early markers of co-infection in COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Improvement of Periodontal Parameters with the Sole Use of Free Gingival Grafts in Orthodontic Patients: Correlation with Periodontal Indices. A 15-Month Clinical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6578
Author(s):  
Marco Orsini ◽  
Dunia Benlloch ◽  
Juan José Aranda Macera ◽  
Karina Flores ◽  
José-Vicente Ríos-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Free Gingival Graft ◽  
Orthodontic Therapy ◽  
Keratinized Tissue ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Periodontal Indices

The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in periodontal parameters solely using free gingival grafts during orthodontic treatment without any oral hygiene re-enforcement. Methods: A total of 19 patients underwent periodontal examination before orthodontic treatment. Patients received oral hygiene instruction and professional hygiene therapy. Where needed; full periodontal treatment was completed. Only periodontally stable patients were included in the study. Periodontal indices and keratinized tissue were recorded at time 0 (T0) (delivery of orthodontic appliances), and at three months (T1) during orthodontic therapy; when surgery was performed. At T1; orthodontically treated sites with minimum keratinized tissue (≤1 mm) received a free gingival graft to enhance the band of keratinized tissue. At three months after surgery (T2), new measurements were recorded. The orthodontics-treated sites after three months (T1) were used as control. The same sites were used as a test three months after mucogingival correction (T2). Between T1 and T2; orthodontics was suspended; no professional oral hygiene was performed; and no additional oral hygiene instructions were given to the patient. No oral hygiene procedures were administered for 15 months (T3), when the final recordings were taken. Results: The results showed that there was a worsening of gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) of the treated sites between T0 and T1 during initial orthodontics treatment; whereas there was an improvement of the gingival inflammation at T2 when compared with T1. At T2; there was also a statistically significant improvement in GI and PI compared with T0. A T3 improvement in periodontal parameters was sustained. A non-parametric test (Wilcoxon signed-rank test) was used for statistical analysis. Conclusions: Augmentation of the width of keratinized gingiva; as the sole treatment; favors the improvement of GI and PI during orthodontic therapy.

scholarly journals Possibilities to prevent gingivitis during fixed orthodontic appliance therapy

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sava Matic ◽  
Mirjana Ivanovic ◽  
Jelena Mandic ◽  
Predrag Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Orthodontic Appliance ◽  
Orthodontic Therapy ◽  
Gingival Health ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliance

Introduction: During orthodontic treatment, the risk of gingivitis, periodontal disease and dental caries is increased. For good gingival health during orthodontic therapy, patients must be educated about the importance of daily oral hygiene and also given instructions on plaquecontrol techniques and how to use plaque removal devices properly. Objectives: The aim of this study was to present risk factors for gingivitis during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances as well as methods and resources for prevention of this widespread disease. Conclusion: Maintaining proper oral hygiene is of great benefit not only for gingival health but also for the success of orthodontic treatment and maintenance of treatment results. Beside healthy gingiva, favorable habits in oral hygiene remain life-long.

scholarly journals A single-centre investigator-blinded randomised parallel group clinical trial to investigate the effect of probiotic strainsStreptococcus salivariusM18 andLactobacillus acidophiluson gingival health of paediatric patients undergoing treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances: study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e030638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftherios G Kaklamanos ◽  
Rania Nassar ◽  
Sotirios Kalfas ◽  
Manal Al Halabi ◽  
Mawlood Kowash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Gingival Health ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

BackgroundThere is limited data on the beneficial effects of probiotics on the gingival health of patients undergoing treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. This study aims to compare the effect of probiotic tablets combined with regular oral hygiene versus regular oral hygiene alone on gingival status in these patients. The effect of probiotic intake on plaque formation and salivary microbiome composition will be also assessed.Methods and analysisThis is a 3 month single-centre, single blind (clinical and laboratory examiners), parallel group randomised controlled two arm superiority trial. Fifty paediatric patients attending the Postgraduate Orthodontic Clinic at the Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine (HBMCDM), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU), Dubai, United Arab Emirates, who meet the eligibility criteria will be recruited. Block randomisation with 1:1 allocation and concealment of allocation will be carried out. The treatment group will receive probiotic tablets containingStreptococcus salivariusM18 andLactobacillus acidophilustogether with regular oral hygiene versus the control group on regular oral hygiene alone. Clinical examination and collection of saliva for microbiome assay will be carried out at baseline and end of study. Self-reporting by patients will be used to document acceptability and adverse effects. Statistically significant decrease in gingival bleeding on probing in the treatment group will be classified as primary outcome of treatment success. Statistically significant reduction in Plaque Index, Gingival Index and shift in the composition of the oral microbiome in favour of beneficial bacteria are secondary outcomes indicative of efficacy of probiotic intake.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the study has been granted by the HBMCDM, MBRU, Institutional Review Board (Reference #: MBRU-IRB-2018–015). Study findings will be disseminated via publication in peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberISRCTN95085398

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