scholarly journals Factors Affecting Farmers’ Use of Inorganic Fertilizers and Manure in South Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeetendra Prakash Aryal ◽  
Tek Bahadur Sapkota ◽  
Timothy J. Krupnik ◽  
Dil Bahadur Rahut ◽  
Mangi Lal Jat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract Fertilizer, though one of the most essential inputs for increasing agricultural production, is a leading cause of nitrous oxide emissions from agriculture, contributing significantly to global warming. Therefore, understanding factors affecting farmers’ use of fertilizers is crucial to develop strategies to improve its efficient use and to minimize its negative impacts. Using data from 2,558 households across the Indo-Gangetic Plains in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh, this study examines the factors affecting farmers’ use of organic and inorganic fertilizers for the two most important cereal crops – rice and wheat. Together, these crops provide the bulk of calories consumed in the region. As nitrogen (N) fertilizer is the major source of global warming and other environmental effects, we also examine the factors contributing to its overuse. We applied multiple regression models to understand the factors influencing the use of inorganic fertilizer, Heckman models to understand the likelihood and intensity of manure use, and a probit model to examine the over-use of N fertilizer. Our results indicate that various socio-economic and geographical factors influence the use of inorganic fertilizer in rice and wheat. Across the study sites, N fertilizer over-use is the highest in Haryana (India) and the lowest in Nepal. Across all locations farmers reported a decline in manure application, concomitant with a lack of awareness of the principles of appropriate fertilizer management that can limit environmental externalities. Educational programs highlighting measures to improving nutrient-use-efficiency and reducing the negative externalities of N fertilizer over-use are proposed to address these problems.

scholarly journals Factors affecting farmers’ use of organic and inorganic fertilizers in South Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeetendra Prakash Aryal ◽  
Tek Bahadur Sapkota ◽  
Timothy J. Krupnik ◽  
Dil Bahadur Rahut ◽  
Mangi Lal Jat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers

AbstractFertilizer, though one of the most essential inputs for increasing agricultural production, is a leading cause of nitrous oxide emissions from agriculture, contributing significantly to global warming. Therefore, understanding factors affecting farmers’ use of fertilizers is crucial to develop strategies to improve its efficient use and to minimize its negative impacts. Using data from 2528 households across the Indo-Gangetic Plains in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh, this study examines the factors affecting farmers’ use of organic and inorganic fertilizers for the two most important cereal crops – rice and wheat. Together, these crops provide the bulk of calories consumed in the region. As nitrogen (N) fertilizer is the major source of global warming and other environmental effects, we also examine the factors contributing to its overuse. We applied multiple regression models to understand the factors influencing the use of inorganic fertilizer, Heckman models to understand the likelihood and intensity of organic fertilizer (manure) use, and a probit model to examine the over-use of N fertilizer. Our results indicate that various socio-economic and geographical factors influence the use of organic and inorganic fertilizers in rice and wheat. Across the study sites, N fertilizer over-use is the highest in Haryana (India) and the lowest in Nepal. Across all locations, farmers reported a decline in manure application, concomitant with a lack of awareness of the principles of appropriate fertilizer management that can limit environmental externalities. Educational programs highlighting measures to improving nutrient-use-efficiency and reducing the negative externalities of N fertilizer over-use are proposed to address these problems.

Factors Affecting the Adoption of Autonomous Vehicles for Commute Trips: An Analysis with the 2015 and 2017 Puget Sound Travel Surveys

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailai Wang ◽  
Gulsah Akar
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Bivariate Ordered Probit ◽  
Travel Studies ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Household Travel ◽  
Future Landscape

The emergence of autonomous vehicles (AVs) may shape the future landscape of urban mobility. Although there is a growing literature on public opinions with regard to self-driving, little attention has been explicitly given to the commuters and their preferences for their commute trips. Using data from the 2015 and 2017 Puget Sound Regional Household Travel Studies, this study investigates the factors associated with employees’ propensity for using AVs. We develop a bivariate ordered probit model to jointly estimate the determinants of levels of interest in (i) commuting alone using AVs and (ii) commuting with others using shared AVs. Not surprisingly, it was found that current solo drivers are more likely to commute alone using AVs compared with other mode users. Significant differences were not found between current drivers and other commuters when it comes to the potential use of shared AVs. The results also reveal that, controlling for other factors, commuters surveyed in 2017 are less likely to be interested in shared AVs compared with their 2015 counterparts. The conclusion is that more planning efforts are needed to support the market penetration of shared AVs.

scholarly journals Ghana’s Fertiliser Subsidy Programme: Assessing Farmer Participation and Perceptions of its Effectiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Benjamin Tetteh Anang ◽  
Solace Kudadze
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

In 2008, the Government of Ghana introduced a national fertiliser subsidy programme to promote the production of cereals in the country. Documented evidence of the impact of the programme, factors affecting participation, and the perceptions of farmers about its effectiveness remains scanty and hard to find. This study therefore sought to investigate the factors affecting participation in the subsidy programme as well as farmers’ perceptions about its effectiveness using data from a cross-section of 300 farm households in northern Ghana. The study employed a probit model to assess the factors affecting participation in the subsidy programme while descriptive statistics were used to present the findings on farmers’ perceptions. The results indicated that participation in the subsidy programme is significantly influenced by educational status and farming experience of the household head, contact with agricultural extension agents, herd size, degree of specialisation in rice production, use of farm mechanisation and location of the farm. Furthermore, farmers perceived the subsidy programme to be ineffective in terms of timeliness, availability and distribution of subsidised fertiliser, access to coupons (vouchers), and distance to fertiliser depots. The findings underscore the need to ensure adequate and timely supply of subsidised fertiliser, improve communication on the availability of both fertiliser coupons and subsidised fertiliser, as well as increase in the number of extension workers to enhance the effectiveness of the subsidy programme.

scholarly journals Lifestyle carbon footprints and changes in lifestyles to limit global warming to 1.5 °C, and ways forward for related research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryu Koide ◽  
Michael Lettenmeier ◽  
Lewis Akenji ◽  
Viivi Toivio ◽  
Aryanie Amellina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Sustainability Science ◽  
Scenario Development ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Living Lab ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Subnational Analysis

AbstractThis paper presents an approach for assessing lifestyle carbon footprints and lifestyle change options aimed at achieving the 1.5 °C climate goal and facilitating the transition to decarbonized lifestyles through stakeholder participatory research. Using data on Finland and Japan it shows potential impacts of reducing carbon footprints through changes in lifestyles for around 30 options covering food, housing, and mobility domains, in comparison with the 2030 and 2050 per-capita targets (2.5–3.2 tCO2e by 2030; 0.7–1.4 tCO2e by 2050). It discusses research opportunities for expanding the footprint-based quantitative analysis to incorporate subnational analysis, living lab, and scenario development aiming at advancing sustainability science on the transition to decarbonized lifestyles.

scholarly journals Measuring the Efficiency of Football Clubs Using Data Envelopment Analysis: Empirical Evidence From Spanish Professional Football

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402198925
Author(s):  
Isidoro Guzmán-Raja ◽  
Manuela Guzmán-Raja
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Efficiency Measure ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Using Data

Professional football clubs have a special characteristic not shared by other types of companies: their sport performance (on the field) is important, in addition to their financial performance (off the field). The aim of this paper is to calculate an efficiency measure using a model that combines performance (sport and economic) based on data envelopment analysis (DEA). The main factors affecting teams’ efficiency levels are investigated using cluster analysis. For a sample of Spanish football clubs, the findings indicate that clubs achieved a relatively high efficiency level for the period studied, and that the oldest teams with the most assets had the highest efficiency scores. These results could help club managers to improve the performance of their teams.

scholarly journals Association between Dyslipidemia and Mercury Exposure in Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
Purum Kang ◽  
Hye Young Shin ◽  
Ka Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Subjective Health Status ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Using Data

Background—Dyslipidemia is one of the prominent risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death worldwide. Dyslipidemia has various causes, including metabolic capacity, genetic problems, physical inactivity, and dietary habits. This study aimed to determine the association between dyslipidemia and exposure to heavy metals in adults. Methods—Using data from the seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2017), 5345 participants aged ≥20 years who were tested for heavy metal levels were analyzed in this study. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to assess the factors affecting the prevalence of dyslipidemia. Results—The risks of dyslipidemia among all and male participants with mercury (Hg) levels of ≥2.75 μg/L (corresponding to the Korean average level) were 1.273 and 1.699 times higher than in those with levels of <2.75 μg/L, respectively. The factors that significantly affected the dyslipidemia risk were age, household income, body mass index, and subjective health status in both males and females. Conclusions—In adult males, exposure to Hg at higher-than-average levels was positively associated with dyslipidemia. These results provide a basis for targeted prevention strategies for dyslipidemia using lifestyle guidelines for reducing Hg exposure and healthy behavioral interventions.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of the Barbary Partridge (Alectoris barbara) in Sardinia explained by land use and climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianpasquale Chiatante ◽  
Marta Giordano ◽  
Anna Vidus Rosin ◽  
Oreste Sacchi ◽  
Alberto Meriggi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
European Population ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Brood Rearing ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Study Sites

AbstractMore than half of the European population of the Barbary Partridge is in Sardinia; nonetheless, the researches concerning this species are very scarce, and its conservation status is not defined because of a deficiency of data. This research aimed to analyse the habitat selection and the factors affecting the abundance and the density of the Barbary Partridge in Sardinia. We used the data collected over 8 years (between 2004 and 2013) by spring call counts in 67 study sites spread on the whole island. We used GLMM to define the relationships between the environment (topography, land use, climate) both the occurrence and the abundance of the species. Moreover, we estimated population densities by distance sampling. The Barbary Partridge occurred in areas at low altitude with garrigue and pastures, avoiding woodlands and sparsely vegetated areas. We found a strong relationship between the occurrence probability and the climate, in particular, a positive relation with temperature and a negative effect of precipitation, especially in April–May, during brood rearing. Furthermore, dry crops positively affected the abundance of the species. We estimated a density of 14.1 partridges per km2, similar to other known estimates. Our findings are important both because they increase the knowledge concerning this species, which is considered data deficient in Italy, and because they are useful to plan management actions aimed to maintain viable populations if necessary.

scholarly journals Psychological Factors Affecting Risk Perception of COVID-19: Evidence from Peru and China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6513
Author(s):  
Fredy S. Monge-Rodríguez ◽  
He Jiang ◽  
Liwei Zhang ◽  
Andy Alvarado-Yepez ◽  
Anahí Cardona-Rivero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Health Field

COVID-19 has spread around the world, causing a global pandemic, and to date is impacting in various ways in both developed and developing countries. We know that the spread of this virus is through people’s behavior despite the perceived risks. Risk perception plays an important role in decision-making to prevent infection. Using data from the online survey of participants in Peru and China (N = 1594), data were collected between 8 July 31 and August 2020. We found that levels of risk perception are relatively moderate, but higher in Peru compared to China. In both countries, anxiety, threat perception, self-confidence, and sex were found to be significant predictors of risk perception; however, trust in the information received by government and experts was significant only in Peru, whereas self-confidence had a significant negative effect only for China. Risk communication should be implemented through information programs aimed at reducing anxiety and improving self-confidence, taking into consideration gender differences. In addition, the information generated by the government should be based on empirical sources. Finally, the implications for effective risk communication and its impacts on the health field are discussed.

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