scholarly journals Impact of body composition on physical fitness components in the Mexican Navy: is overweight an issue?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Sànchez-Chapul ◽  
Jesús Fernando Valencia-León ◽  
Mario Acevedo-Mora ◽  
Zendy F Fuentes-Corona ◽  
Erika Estrada-Camarena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
High Body

Abstract Background. Appropriate physical fitness components and body composition are required to overcome dangerous situations during sea rescues and in the first line of combat in the Mexican Navy. Aim of the study. To analyze the impact of body composition on physical fitness components such as cardiorespiratarory fitness and muscle strength-resistance of marines, rescue swimmers, and divers of the Mexican Navy classified as overweight. Methods. BC was assessed by two BMI cutoff points (WHO and military)­; body fat percentage and muscle mass percentage, and waist circumference were determined by anthropometry. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the Course-Navette test and MSR by a 1-minute maximal effort of push-ups, sit-ups, and bench presses. Results. We found significant differences in medians of physical fitness components and body composition among groups (p < 0.001). The WHO and military BMI showed 59 (54%) and 16 (15%) individuals as overweight, respectively. Marine instructors showed the highest percentage of men to be overweight, 24 (41%) (WHO) at the expense of good muscle mass percentage but high body fat percentage according to age. All groups showed cardiorespiratory fitness adequate for their age, but only 26 (51%) and 14 (24%) classified as normal and overweight (WHO), respectively, had good cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.003). Conclusions. Personnel classified as overweight had good body composition at the expense of high body fat percentage but adequate muscle mass, which could be adequate for their operational tasks; but their cardiorespiratory fitness, although good for their age, is still below the ideal value for military physical activity.

scholarly journals Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Sleep Duration: Associations with Body Composition in Fibromyalgia. The Al-Andalus Project

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Gavilán-Carrera ◽  
Pedro Acosta-Manzano ◽  
Alberto Soriano-Maldonado ◽  
Milkana Borges-Cosic ◽  
Virginia A. Aparicio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage

To explore the individual–independent relationships of sedentary time (ST) and physical activity (PA) (light and moderate-to-vigorous intensity (MVPA)), with sleep duration and body composition (waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and muscle mass index) in women with fibromyalgia, and to determine whether these associations are independent of physical fitness. This cross-sectional study involved 385 women with fibromyalgia. ST and PA were assessed by triaxial accelerometry, sleep duration was self-reported. Waist circumference was measured using an anthropometric tape, and body weight, body fat percentage, and muscle mass were estimated using a bio-impedance analyzer. In individual regression models, ST and sleep were directly associated with waist circumference, BMI, and body fat percentage (β between 0.10 and 0.25; all p < 0.05). Light PA and MVPA were inversely associated with waist circumference, BMI, and body fat percentage (β between −0.23 and −0.12; all p < 0.05). In multiple linear regression models, ST (β between 0.17 and 0.23), light PA (β between −0.16 and −0.21), and sleep duration (β between 0.11 and 0.14) were independently associated with waist circumference, BMI, and body fat percentage (all p < 0.05). MVPA was associated with waist circumference independent of light physical activity (LPA) and sleep duration (β = −0.11; p < 0.05). Except for MVPA, these associations were independent of physical fitness. These results suggest that longer ST and sleep duration, and lower PA levels (especially light intensity PA), are independently associated with greater adiposity, but not muscle mass, in women with fibromyalgia. These associations are, overall, independent of physical fitness.

scholarly journals Evaluation of body composition and its relationship with physical fitness in professional soccer players at the beginning of pre-season (Evaluación de la composición corporal y su relación com la aptitud física em futebolistas professionales al inicio de

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Diego Hilgemberg Figueiredo ◽  
Diogo Hilgemberg Figueiredo ◽  
Antonio Carlos Dourado ◽  
Luiz Claudio Reeberg Stanganelli ◽  
Helcio Rossi Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Bod Pod ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Fitness Parameters

 Abstract: The aim of the study was to compare the players characteristics and physical fitness parameters according to playing positions and to identify the relation between body composition and physical fitness in professional soccer players at the beginning of the preparation period. Sixteen professional soccer players participated in this study. Body composition was evaluated by air displacement plethysmography instrumentation (BOD POD®) and physical fitness with specific tests: Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST), Counter Moviment Jump (CMJ), Squat Jump (SJ) and Abalakov jump (ABK), Yo-yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 (Yo-yo IR1), agility test and flexibility. Kruskal Wallis test demonstrated no significant difference in all estimated body composition, age, height and physical fitness parameters according to three playing positions (p < 0.05). We verified a significant negative correlation between body fat percentage and the performance of CMJ, SJ, ABK, peak, mean and minimum power (-.51 to -.87) and a significant positive correlation with the agility parameter (r = .85). Regarding to lean mass percentage, a significant positive correlation was found with performance of CMJ, SJ, ABK and peak, mean and minimum power (.51 to -.82) and significant negative correlation with agility parameter (r = -.85). Based on the results, we concluded that at the beginning of a pre-season a higher body fat percentage is associated with a negative influence in physical fitness, thus confirming that a greater amount of lean mass percentage is positively associated with the initial level of physical fitness of professional soccer players. Resumén: El objetivo del studio fue comparar las características de los jugadores y los parâmetros de aptitud física según las posiciones de juego e identificar la relación entre la composición corporal y la aptitud física em futebolistas profisionales al inicio del período de preparación. Dieciséis futebolistas profesionales participaron em este estudio. La composición corporal se evaluómediante instrumentación de plestimografia por desplazamiento de aire (BOD POD®) y aptitud física com pruebas específicas: capacidade anaeróbia (RAST), saltos verticales (CMJ, SJ y salto abalakov- ABK), resistência aeróbia, prueba de agilidade y flexibilidad. Kruskal Wallis no demostró diferencias significativas em todos los parâmetros estimados de composición corporal, edad, altura y condición física según las três posiciones de juego (p < 0.05). Verificamos uma correlación negativa significativa entre el porcentaje de grasa corporal y el rendimento de CMJ, SJ, ABK, potencia pico, media y mínima (-.51 to -.87) y uma correlación positiva significativa com el parâmetro de agilidade (r = .85). Em cuanto al porcentaje de massa magra, se encontro uma correlación positiva significativa com el rendimento de CMJ, SJ, ABK y potencia pico, media y mínima (.51 to -.82) y correlación negativa significativa com el parâmetro de agilidade (r = -.85). Com base em los resultados, concluimos que al inicio de una pré-temporada um mayor porcentaje de grassa corporal se associa com uma influencia negativa em la aptitud física, confirmando así que uma mayor porcentaje de massa magra se associa positivamente com el nível inicial de aptitud física de los futebolistas profesionales.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BODY COMPOSITION AND CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS OF ADOLESCENTS

2018 ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Darko Stojanović ◽  
Nataša Branković
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Body Composition Assessment

With the aim to investigate the association between body composition of adolescents and cardiorespiratory fitness, this research was carried out on a sample of seventh grade primary school students (38 female and 44 male students). The sample of measuring instruments for body composition assessment were: body mass index, triceps, subscapularis and suprailiac subcutaneous adipose tissue, body fat percentage, muscle mass percentage and fat-free mass. The “Beep” test was used for the assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness. At the multivariate level the results have shown that body composition, as a system predictor, explained 51% (p= .000) of variance of cardiorespiratory fitness of the total sample of students, 29% (p= .021) of the girls and 51% (p= .000) of the boys. At the univariate level of the total sample it was noticed that the sum of three skinfolds (t= -4.91; p= .000) and fat-free mass (t= 4.54; p= .000) had a high influence on system prediction. The sum of three skinfolds in the total sample, sample of girls and sample of boys had a negative impact on cardiorespiratory fitness. For the girls, body fat percentage had a positive impact on cardiorespiratory fitness, while in the total sample and sample of boys, fat-free mass had a positive impact on cardiorespiratory fitness. It could be concluded that the association between body composition components and VO2max was clearly demonstrated in adolescents.

scholarly journals Body composition associations with muscle strength in older adults living in Auckland, New Zealand

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0250439
Author(s):  
Anne N. Hiol ◽  
Pamela R. von Hurst ◽  
Cathryn A. Conlon ◽  
Owen Mugridge ◽  
Kathryn L. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background Aging is associated with decreases in muscle strength and simultaneous changes in body composition, including decreases in muscle mass, muscle quality and increases in adiposity. Methods Adults (n = 369; 236 females) aged 65–74 years living independently were recruited from the cross-sectional Researching Eating Activity and Cognitive Health (REACH) study. Body fat percentage and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) (sum of lean mass in the arms and legs) were assessed using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (Hologic, QDR Discovery A). The ASM index was calculated by ASM (kilograms) divided by height (meters) squared. Isometric grip strength was measured using a hand grip strength dynamometer (JAMAR HAND). Results Linear regression analyses revealed that muscle strength was positively associated with the ASM index (R2 = 0.431, p < 0.001). When exploring associations between muscle strength and muscle mass according to obesity classifications (obesity ≥30% males; ≥40% females), muscle mass was a significant predictor of muscle strength in non-obese participants. However, in participants with obesity, muscle mass was no longer a significant predictor of muscle strength. Conclusions Body fat percentage should be considered when measuring associations between muscle mass and muscle strength in older adults.

scholarly journals Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training Lowers Body Fat Percentage in Rural Black South African Women

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ntshaba ◽  
Mbali Mhlongo ◽  
Henrico Erasmus ◽  
Ina Shaw ◽  
Brandon Stuwart Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Black College ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Obesity is currently one of the most dominating diseases affecting younger adults in South Africa. This is commonly caused by a poor lifestyle, which may lead to an increased risk of non-communicable diseases. Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine if a six-week concurrent resistance and aerobic training program could elicit body composition and cardiorespiratory changes in rural black college women. Methods: Forty sedentary black females (aged 18 - 25 years) were randomly assigned to a combined resistance and aerobic training (COM) group (n = 20) or a control group (n = 20). The COM group participated in four times weekly aerobic and resistance training. Aerobic training consisted of 30 minutes a session (week 1 - 3: cycling for 3 minutes at 60% heart rate reserve (HRR), followed by 2 minutes at 50% HRR; week 4 - 6: 3 minutes at 70% HRR, followed by 2 minutes at 60% HRR). Resistance training consisted of participants training at 50% of their one-repetition maximum (1-RM) for week 1 - 3, doing 3 sets of 15 repetitions; for week 4 - 6 at 60% 1-RM, doing 3 sets of 15 repetitions. Results: Following the intervention, the COM group significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased their body fat percentage when compared to the control group (P = 0.006; d = 0.9), while no significant changes were observed in waist-to-hip ratio (P = 0.223) and cardiorespiratory endurance (P = 0.260) in either group. Conclusions: Although body composition (especially waist circumference and body fat percentage) and cardiorespiratory fitness are recommended as the main targets of physical activity programs aimed at preventing CVD in college students, this study demonstrated that a six-week concurrent program improved body fat percentage, and not WHR and cardiorespiratory fitness, in sedentary rural college-aged females. Further, these findings suggest that one method of program design does not fit all populations and that exercise prescription should be targeted and not generalized.

Dietary intake habits and controlled training on body composition and strength in elite female volleyball players during the season

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 827-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Mielgo-Ayuso ◽  
Michael C. Zourdos ◽  
Julio Calleja-González ◽  
Aritz Urdampilleta ◽  
Sergej M. Ostojic
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Power Clean

The purpose of this study was to assess dietary intake of elite female volleyball players (EFVPs, n = 22) during the first 11 weeks of the competitive season. Further, we compared findings for total energy intake and specific macronutrient distribution with the established recommendations for high-intensity athletes. Subjects also engaged in periodized training and we assessed changes in body composition (BC) and strength. Twenty-two EFVPs had dietary intake (7-day dietary recall and food-frequency questionnaire), BC (body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, fat mass, muscle mass), and 1-repetition maximum (1RM) strength (bench press, military press, back squat, power clean, clean and jerk, pull-over) assessed at baseline (T0, before preseason) and 11 weeks later (T11). Athletes consumed less total kilocalories and carbohydrates (CHO) compared with established recommendations (total kilocalories: 40.7 ± 5.2 kcal/(kg·day)–1 vs. recommendations: 50–80 kcal/(kg·day)–1; CHO: 4.3 ± 0.6 g/(kg·day)–1 vs. recommendations: 5–8 g/(kg·day)–1). Further, subjects consumed greater protein (2.1 ± 0.4 g/(kg·day)–1) compared with recommendations (1.6–1.8 g/(kg·day)–1) and greater fat (36.1 ± 4.6% of total kilocalories) than recommendations (20%–35% of total kilocalories). There were improvements (p < 0.05) in BC from T0–T11 (body fat percentage: 17.9% ± 4.2%–16.8% ± 3.6%, –4.7% ± 7.4%; fat mass: 12.7 ± 4.2–11.9 ± 3.8 kg, –4.0% ± 9.2%; muscle mass: 42.8% ± 3.4%–43.3% ± 3.0%, +1.3 ± 3.1%) and 1RM strength (bench press: 39.1 ± 4.5–43.4 ± 4.9 kg; +11.4% ± 9.3%; clean and jerk: 29.7 ± 6.3–34 ± 5.8 kg; +17.7% ± 23.8%); however, there was no change (p > 0.05) in BMI or military press and pull-over. Back squat (p = 0.054; +33.0% ± 83.7%) and power clean (p = 0.056; +26.2% ± 49.0%) increases approached significance. Our findings indicate that EFVPs improved BC and strength despite a dietary intake different from recommendations. This is possibly due to different substrate utilization during exercise in females versus males, thus new recommendations should be considered for high-intensity athletes, which are sex-specific.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF TRAINING DISTRESS, PERFORMANCE, AND EXCRETION OF CORTISOL AND CORTISONE IN URINE DURING SIX WEEKS OF TRAINING IN ELITE SWIMMERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
N Izov ◽  
A Alexandrova ◽  
L Petrov ◽  
M Kachaunov ◽  
T Sheytanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Urine Concentration ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Optimal Balance ◽  
Elite Swimmers

Aim. Optimal balance between training intensity and recovery is of particular importance for elite swimmers in order to improve their results. The aim of this study was to record the dyna­mics of training distress, performance, and excretion of cortisol and cortisone in urine during six weeks of training in elite swimmers. Materials and Methods. Twenty-four participants (10 women and 14 men) from the national swimming team of Bulgaria took part in this study, with an average age of 18.7 ± 3.78 years. Training distress (TDS) and urine concentration of cortisol and cortisone were evaluated every two weeks. In total, the measurements were taken on the 1-st (T1), 14-th (T2), 28-th (T3) and 42-nd days (T4). Anthropometric measurements were also taken at T1 and T4, and body fat percentage and muscle mass percentage were calculated by skinfold methods. Results. The TDS score at T4 (6.92 ±7.15) was significantly lower than this at T1 (14.96 ± 10.63) and T2 (15.21 ± 12.44). The concentrations of cortisol at T3 (35.9 ± 47.7) and T4 (35.0 ± 24.2) were also significantly lower than that registered at T1 (82.7 ± 62.8). The concentration of cortisone did not show any significant differences across T1 to T4, but the sum of cortisol and cortisone urine concentration was significantly lower in T3 and T4 vs T1. Conclusion. The significantly reduced cortisol concentration in urine in T4, as well as the sum of the concentrations of cortisol and cortisone, were in line with the reduction of the TDS score in T4.

scholarly journals Body Fat and Muscle Mass in Association with Foot Structure in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 811
Author(s):  
Justyna Wyszyńska ◽  
Justyna Leszczak ◽  
Justyna Podgórska-Bednarz ◽  
Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska ◽  
Maciej Rachwał ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Varus Deformity ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Foot Structure ◽  
Longitudinal Arch

Prior studies have investigated associations between body mass index (BMI) and foot structure; however, these studies are limited only to the evaluation of the longitudinal arch of the foot and do not evaluate associations with body composition. Therefore, this study examined associations between body fat percentage (BFP) and muscle mass percentage with foot structure in adolescents. This study was conducted with 158 healthy subjects aged from 11 to 13 years. Body fat percentage and muscle mass percentage were estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. A podoscope was used to calculate Clarke’s angle (CL), the Wejsflog index (WI), hallux valgus angle (ALPHA), and the angle of the varus deformity of the fifth toe (BETA). Lower values of CL were found in participants with excessive BFP (p = 0.021). No differences were observed in the values of the Wejsflog, ALFA or BETA indices between normal and excessive BFP groups. Participants with the lowest muscle mass percentage were significantly more likely to have lower values of CL and WI (p = 0.014 and p < 0.001, respectively). Excess BFP appeared to have a significant effect on the longitudinal arch and low muscle mass percentage on the longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot in adolescents. There was no association between fat and muscle content with positions of the big and fifth toes.

Comparison of the Effect of Soy protein and Whey protein on Body Composition: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Masoome Piri Damaghi ◽  
Atieh Mirzababaei ◽  
Sajjad Moradi ◽  
Elnaz Daneshzad ◽  
Atefeh Tavakoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage

Abstract Background: Essential amino acids (EAAs) promote the process of regulating muscle synthesis. Thus, whey protein that contains higher amounts of EAA can have a considerable effect on modifying muscle synthesis. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the effect of soy and whey protein supplementation on body composition. Thus, we sought to perform a meta-analysis of published Randomized Clinical Trials that examined the effect of whey protein supplementation and soy protein supplementation on body composition (lean body mass, fat mass, body mass and body fat percentage) in adults. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, up to August 2020, for all relevant published articles assessing soy protein supplementation and whey protein supplementation on body composition parameters. We included all Randomized Clinical Trials that investigated the effect of whey protein supplementation and soy protein supplementation on body composition in adults. Pooled means and standard deviations (SD) were calculated using random-effects models. Subgroup analysis was applied to discern possible sources of heterogeneity. Results: After excluding non-relevant articles, 10 studies, with 596 participants, remained in this study. We found a significant increase in lean body mass after whey protein supplementation weighted mean difference (WMD: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.15, 1.67. P= 0.019). Subgroup analysis, for whey protein, indicated that there was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals concomitant to exercise (WMD: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.47, 2.00; P= 0.001). There was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals who received 12 or less weeks of whey protein (WMD: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.63; P<0.0001). We observed no significant change between whey protein supplementation and body mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage. We found no significant change between soy protein supplementation and lean body mass, body mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage. Subgroup analysis for soy protein indicated there was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals who supplemented for 12 or less weeks with soy protein (WMD: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.89; P< 0.0001). Conclusion: Whey protein supplementation significantly improved body composition via increases in lean body mass, without influencing fat mass, body mass, and body fat percentage.

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