Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Improve Cotton Salt Tolerance by Enabling Better Ability to Maintain Cytosolic K+/Na+ Ratio

Abstract BackgroundSalinity is a worldwide factor limiting the agricultural production. Cotton is an important cash crop; however, its yield and product quality are negatively affected by salinity. Using nanomaterials such as cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) to improve plant tolerance to stresses, e.g. salinity, is an emerged approach in agricultural production. Nevertheless, to date, our knowledge about the role of nanoceria in cotton salt response and the behind mechanisms is still rare. ResultsWe found that PNC (poly acrylic acid coated nanoceria) helped to improve cotton plant tolerance to salinity, showing the better phenotypic performance, the higher chlorophyll content and biomass, and the better photosynthetic performance in PNC treated cotton plants than the control group. Under salinity stress, in consistent to the results of the enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, PNC treated cotton plants showed significant lower MDA content and ROS level than the control group, both in the first and second true leaf. Further experiments showed that under salinity stress, PNC treated cotton plants had significant higher cytosolic K+ and lower cytosolic Na+ fluorescent intensity in both the first and second true leaf than the control group. This is further confirmed by the leaf ion content analysis, showed that PNC treated cotton plants maintained significant higher leaf K+ and lower leaf Na+ content, and thus the higher K+/Na+ ratio than the control plants under salinity. Whereas no significant increase of vacuolar Na+ intensity was observed in PNC treated plants than the control under salinity, suggesting that PNC enhanced leaf K+ retention and leaf Na+ exclusion, but not leaf vacuolar Na+ sequestration are the main mechanisms behind the PNC improved cotton salt tolerance. qPCR results showed that under salinity stress, the modulation of HKT1 but not SOS1 refers more to the PNC improved cotton leaf Na+ exclusion than the control. ConclusionsNanoceria enhanced leaf K+ retention and Na+ exclusion, but not vacuolar Na+ sequestration are the main mechanisms behind the nanoceria improved cotton salt tolerance. Our results add more knowledge for better understanding the complexity of plant-nanoceria interaction in terms of nano-enabled plant stress tolerance.

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Cerium oxide nanoparticles improve cotton salt tolerance by enabling better ability to maintain cytosolic K+/Na+ ratio

Journal of Nanobiotechnology ◽

10.1186/s12951-021-00892-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jiahao Liu ◽

Guangjing Li ◽

Linlin Chen ◽

Jiangjiang Gu ◽

Honghong Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerance ◽

Cerium Oxide ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Control Group ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Cotton Leaf ◽

Fluorescent Intensity ◽

Cotton Plants

Abstract Background Salinity is a worldwide factor limiting the agricultural production. Cotton is an important cash crop; however, its yield and product quality are negatively affected by soil salinity. Use of nanomaterials such as cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) to improve plant tolerance to stress conditions, e.g. salinity, is an emerged approach in agricultural production. Nevertheless, to date, our knowledge about the role of nanoceria in cotton salt response and the behind mechanisms is still rare. Results We found that PNC (poly acrylic acid coated nanoceria) helped to improve cotton tolerance to salinity, showing better phenotypic performance, higher chlorophyll content (up to 68% increase) and biomass (up to 38% increase), and better photosynthetic performance such as carbon assimilation rate (up to 144% increase) in PNC treated cotton plants than the NNP (non-nanoparticle control) group. Under salinity stress, in consistent to the results of the enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes, PNC treated cotton plants showed significant lower MDA (malondialdehyde, up to 44% decrease) content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, up to 79% decrease) than the NNP control group, both in the first and second true leaves. Further experiments showed that under salinity stress, PNC treated cotton plants had significant higher cytosolic K+ (up to 84% increase) and lower cytosolic Na+ (up to 77% decrease) fluorescent intensity in both the first and second true leaves than the NNP control group. This is further confirmed by the leaf ion content analysis, showed that PNC treated cotton plants maintained significant higher leaf K+ (up to 84% increase) and lower leaf Na+ content (up to 63% decrease), and thus the higher K+/Na+ ratio than the NNP control plants under salinity stress. Whereas no significant increase of mesophyll cell vacuolar Na+ intensity was observed in PNC treated plants than the NNP control under salinity stress, suggesting that the enhanced leaf K+ retention and leaf Na+ exclusion, but not leaf vacuolar Na+ sequestration are the main mechanisms behind PNC improved cotton salt tolerance. qPCR results showed that under salinity stress, the modulation of HKT1 but not SOS1 refers more to the PNC improved cotton leaf Na+ exclusion than the NNP control. Conclusions PNC enhanced leaf K+ retention and Na+ exclusion, but not vacuolar Na+ sequestration to enable better maintained cytosolic K+/Na+ homeostasis and thus to improve cotton salt tolerance. Our results add more knowledge for better understanding the complexity of plant-nanoceria interaction in terms of nano-enabled plant stress tolerance. Graphic abstract

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Emerging investigator series: molecular mechanisms of plant salinity stress tolerance improvement by seed priming with cerium oxide nanoparticles

Environmental Science Nano ◽

10.1039/d0en00387e ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 2214-2228 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jing An ◽

Peiguang Hu ◽

Fangjun Li ◽

Honghong Wu ◽

Yu Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Tolerance ◽

Cerium Oxide ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Engineered Nanomaterials ◽

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Plant Seeds ◽

Salinity Stress Tolerance

Engineered nanomaterials interfaced with plant seeds can improve stress tolerance during the vulnerable seedling stage.

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Molecular basis of cerium oxide nanoparticle enhancement of rice salt tolerance and yield

Environmental Science Nano ◽

10.1039/d1en00390a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Heng Zhou ◽

Honghong Wu ◽

Feng Zhang ◽

Ye Su ◽

Wenxue Guan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Cerium Oxide ◽

Molecular Basis ◽

Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Nitric Oxide Production ◽

Oxide Nanoparticle

Cerium oxide nanoparticles enhance rice salt tolerance and yield via modulating nitrate reductase activity to improve nitric oxide production.

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Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) improve growth parameters and antioxidant defense system in Moldavian Balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) under salinity stress

Plant Stress ◽

10.1016/j.stress.2021.100006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 100006

Author(s):

Mona Hasan Zadeh Mohammadi ◽

Sima Panahirad ◽

Anahita Navai ◽

Mohammad Kazem Bahrami ◽

Muhittin Kulak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerium Oxide ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Defense System

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Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Biochemical Parameters and Histopathological Changes in Lead-Intoxicated Rats

Disease and Diagnosis ◽

10.34172/ddj.2020.01 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 134-139

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza Hajinezhad ◽

Shaghayegh Hajian Shahri ◽

Abbas Rahdar ◽

Hojjat Zamanian

Keyword(s):

Cerium Oxide ◽

Lead Acetate ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Kidney Tissue ◽

Treated Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽

Control Group ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles

Background: The present study was conducted to investigate the potential protective effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) against lead acetate-induced toxicity. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups and treated simultaneously, except for the normal control, for 5 weeks with lead acetate in drinking water (1000 mg/L). Control rats and negative control rats received saline intraperitoneally. At the same time, the third group was treated with intraperitoneal injections of CeNPs at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg 1 week before lead administration, and continued with its administration. Finally, serum was obtained by the conventional methods and rats were sacrificed to obtain liver, heart, testis, and kidney tissue for histopathological examinations. Results: The lead-treated group showed significant increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (P<0.01). Lead-intoxicated rats treated with CeNPs showed a significant decrease in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), AST, and ALT levels compared to the untreated negative control group (P<0.01). The histopathological examination of liver and kidney tissues showed signs of lead-induced injuries, necrotic hepatocytes, and glomerulosclerosis. The CeNPs-treated group showed noticeable reductions in histopathological signs of lead-induced injuries. Lipid peroxidation levels were also lower in CeNPs-treated rats than negative controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: The current experimental study proved the protective effects of CeNPs in rats exposed to chronic lead-induced toxicity; however, more experiments are required to evaluate the possible side effects and interactions.

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Comparison of the Histopathological Effects of Selenium Nanoparticles and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Cadmium-intoxicated Rabbits

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques ◽

10.47277/jett/9(2)533 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 528-533

Keyword(s):

Cerium Oxide ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Selenium Nanoparticles ◽

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Control Group ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Mda Content ◽

Histopathological Effects

This study compared the effects of selenium nanoparticles and cerium oxide nanoparticles on biochemical and histopathological changes of cadmium-intoxicated rabbits. Forty white New Zealand rabbits were equally distributed into four groups. The Control group received saline orally while the negative control group received six-week oral administrations of cadmium 5 mg/kg. The third group received oral administration of selenium nanoparticles (0.8 mg/kg) and cadmium (5mg/kg). The fourth group received cerium oxide nanoparticles (0.8 mg/kg) and cadmium (5mg/kg). After six weeks, serum was obtained by the conventional methods, and then rabbits were sacrificed to obtain liver, kidney, and testis tissues for histopathological examinations. The oral administrations of Cadmium 5 mg/kg caused significant elevations in serum liver enzyme levels, serum BUN, serum creatinine, and lipid peroxidation levels (P<0.05). The histopathological investigations showed necrosis and inflammations in the liver, kidney, and testis of rabbits. Selenium nanoparticles oral administrations at a dose of 0.8 mg/kg significantly reduced liver enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and histopathological changes. The cadmium intoxicated rats treated with Cerium oxide nanoparticles showed normal biochemical and histopathological parameters (P<0.05). The current study proved the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of selenium nanoparticles and cerium oxide nanoparticles in cadmium intoxicated rabbits; however, cerium oxide nanoparticles were more effective.

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Polyacrylic Acid Modified Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Characterization as a Peroxidase Mimic for Non-Enzymatic H2O2 Sensor

Current Nanoscience ◽

10.2174/1573413715666191204124329 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 816-828

Author(s):

Gurdeep Rattu ◽

Nishtha Khansili ◽

Prayaga M. Krishna

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Cerium Oxide ◽

Polyacrylic Acid ◽

Spectroscopic Analysis ◽

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Peroxidase Mimic ◽

Ft Ir ◽

H2o2 Sensing ◽

Fluorescence Spectrometer

Background: Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) are efficient free-radical scavengers due to their dual valence state and thus exhibit optical and catalytic properties. Therefore, the main purpose of this work was to understand the peroxidase mimic activity of polymer-stabilized nanoceria for enzyme-less H2O2 sensing by fluorescence spectrometer. Objective: This research revealed the development of fluorescence hydrogen peroxide nanosensor based on the peroxidase-like activity of polyacrylic acid stabilized nanoceria (PAA-CeO2 Nps). Methods: PAA-CeO2 Nps were synthesized by simple cross-linking reaction at a low temperature and characterized by XRD, SEM, Zeta potential, TGA, FT-IR and UV-VIS spectroscopic analysis. H2O2 sensing was performed by a fluorescence spectrometer. Results:: The synthesized polymer nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, SEM, TGA, FT-IR and UV-VIS spectroscopic analysis. The XRD diffraction patterns confirmed the polycrystalline nature and SEM micrograph showed nanoparticles having hexagonal symmetry and crystallite size of 32 nm. The broad peak of Ce–O bond appeared at 508 cm-1. UV-VIS measurements revealed a welldefined absorbance peak around 315 nm and an optical band-gap of 3.17 eV. As synthesized PAACeO2 Nps effectively catalysed the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into hydroxyl radicals. Then terephthalic acid was oxidized by hydroxyl radical to form a highly fluorescent product. Under optimized conditions, the linear range for determination of hydrogen peroxide was 0.01 - 0.2 mM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.2 μM. Conclusion: The proposed method is ideally suited for the sensing of H2O2 at a low cost and this detection system enabled the sensing of analytes (sugars), which can enzymatically generate hydrogen peroxide.

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