scholarly journals Analysis on Diagnosis of Family Clustering Infection of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Qiu ◽  
Ming-wei Liu ◽  
Chuan Zhao ◽  
Wei-min Li
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Human Interferon ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Intravenous Drip ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Child Patient ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background: Novel coronavirus (nCoV, SARS-CoV-2) infection has complicated and diversified symptoms, but no special treatment. In this study, diagnosis and treatment of family clustering nCoV infection were analyzed. Methods: The Sichuan Suining Central Hospital received 11 patients with confirmed nCoV virus infection from 4 families during January 23rd, 2020 to February 20th, 2020. Their clinical symptoms, treatment conditions and changes of disease state were reviewed in the present study. Results: In all 4 families, there were 1-2 members in each family who had contact with epidemic disease. Clinical manifestations were: 3 cases had debilitation only, 1 case had cough only, 1 case had diarrhea, 5 cases had fever and cough, and 1 case had blood-stained sputum. According to image changes, no image change was observed in 1 child patient. Multiple focal ground-glass opacities were detected from 2 patients and multiple patchy shadows were observed from 8 patients, especially in lung periphery. Complications: there were hypertension in 3 cases, diabetes in 2 cases, depression in 1 cases and hypertension and diabetes in 1 case. Moreover, there’s one patient who had rheumatic heart disease and received mitral and aortic valve replacement 2 years ago. All 11 cases divided into mild type (1 child patient), moderate type (8 patients), severe type (1 patient) and critical type (1 patient). Treatment: 11 patients were treated with intravenous drip of ribavirin injection (adult 0.5g/time; child15mg/kg.time,twice per day) and lopinavir/ritonavior (adult: 2 tablets/ time; child: 1/2 tablets/times, twice per day) for 6-12 days, accompanied with appropriate amount of intravenous drip of antibiotics. Discharge: After treatment, 11 patients met the discharge criteria and were allowed to discharge. Adverse reactions: 4 patients had loose stools and abdominal discomfort, and another 2 cases had diarrhea. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 infection have complicated and diversified symptoms, which shall be identified according to epidemic history and novel coronavirus nucleic acid test. In particular, the whole family in which there’s a patient with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 shall be isolated for screening in addition to the patient. The lopinavir/ritonavior administration combined with ribavirin or recombinant Human Interferon (RHI) α2b is effective, accompanied with mild adverse reaction.

scholarly journals Analysis on Diagnosis of Family Clustering Infection of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Qiu ◽  
Ming-wei Liu ◽  
Chuan Zhao ◽  
Wei-min Li
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Human Interferon ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Intravenous Drip ◽  
Child Patient ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Objective: Novel coronavirus (nCoV, SARS-CoV-2) infection becomes a world-wide epidemic which has complicated and diversified symptoms, but no special treatment. In this study, diagnosis and treatment of family clustering nCoV infection were analyzed.Methods: The Sichuan Suining Central Hospital received 11 patients with confirmed nCoV virus infection from 4 families during January 23rd, 2020 to February 20th, 2020. Their clinical symptoms, treatment conditions and changes of disease state were reviewed in the present study.Results: In all 4 families, there were 1-2 members in each family who had contact with epidemic disease. Clinical manifestations were: 3 cases had debilitation only, 1 case had cough only, 1 case had diarrhea (a child patient of four years old), 5 cases had fever and cough, and 1 case had blood-stained sputum. According to image changes, no image change was observed in 1 child patient. Multiple focal ground-glass opacities were detected from 2 patients and multiple patchy shadows were observed from 8 patients, especially in lung periphery. Complications with basic diseases: there were hypertension in 3 cases, diabetes in 2 cases, and hypertension and diabetes in 1 case. Moreover, there’s one patient who had rheumatic heart disease and received mitral and aortic valve replacement 2 years ago. There’s another one who had depression and suicidal tendency. All 11 cases divided into mild type (1 child patient), moderate type (8 patients), severe type (1 patient) and critical type (1 patient). Treatment: the mild child patient (4 years old) was administrated with 2.75ml lopinavir / ritonavir oral liquid (twice per day) and intravenous drip of 0.17g ribavirin injection (1ml: 0.1g*10pcs/box) every 12h for one week. Meanwhile, the child was asked to take azithromycin orally. 7 moderate patients were treated with intravenous drip of 0.5g ribavirin injection (1ml: 0.1g*10pcs/box) every 12h (twice per day) and two pieces of lopinavir/ritonavior (twice per day) for 7-10 days. In the same time, patients were given with reasonable amount of antibiotics by oral or intravenous drip. 1 severe patient and 1 critical patent were treated with 5,000,000 U recombinant human interferon α2b injection (3,000,000 U/pc) and aerosol inhalation of 2ml sterile water for injection (5ml*50 pcs/ box), twice per day. Besides, they took 2 pieces of lopinavir/ritonavior, twice per day. The whole treatment program lasted for 6-12 days, accompanied with appropriate amount of intravenous drip of antibiotics. The critical patient was also provided with mechanical ventilation. During the treatment, severe and critical patients were treated by resochin for 4-5 days for evident respiratory symptoms. One moderate patient was treated with 2 pieces of lopinavir/ritonavior, twice per day. In the same time, it was administrated by intravenous drip of antibiotics. However, resochin treatment was applied for positive novel coronavirus nucleic acid of respiratory sputum specimen after 11 days of treatment. Discharge: After treatment, patients with body temperatures of all patients recovered to normal level, and respiratory symptoms and digestive tract symptoms relieved significantly, significant coefficient of exudative lesion at lung according to chest CT and negative novel coronavirus nucleic acid of continuous two respiratory sputum specimens (sampling interval was at least 1 day) were allowed to be discharged. Adverse reactions: 4 patients had loose stools and abdominal discomfort, and another 2 cases had diarrhea.Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 infection have complicated and diversified symptoms, which shall be identified according to epidemic history and novel coronavirus nucleic acid test. In particular, the whole family in which there’s a patient with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 shall be isolated for screening in addition to the patient. The lopinavir/ritonavior administration combined with ribavirin or recombinant Human Interferon (RHI) α2b is effective, accompanied with mild adverse reaction. If lopinavir/ritonavior administration and / or combined with ribavirin and RHI α2b is invalid, adding resochin might be effective.

scholarly journals Potentiality and possibility of Medicinal Plants on Ayurvedic Principle in prevention and treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binay Sen ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Treatment Principle ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic health emergency, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. Older people and those with underlying some medical problems are more likely to develop serious illness. Considering different classical and contemporary viewpoints, the newly identified COVID-19 can be categorized under agantuja vyadhi (exogenous disease) by inception, caused by bhoota (organisms), and transforming to nija (endogenous) leading to disequilibrium of kapha, vata, and pitta doshas and manifestation of clinical features of mainly pranavaha (cardio-pulmonary system), rasavaha (cardio-vascular system) and raktavaha (vascular and RES) srotas dushti (vitiation of channels). In Ayurveda, for a new disease, the treatment principle is designed on the basis of the nature of the disorder, etiology and location. Hence rasayana drugs for epidemic disease, disinfectants for microorganism, dosha (mainly kapha and vata) pacifying drugs and disease-location specific treatment i.e deepana (stomachic), pachana (digestive), shwasahara (anti-dyspnea) and kasahara (anti-cough) are being discussed in this paper. Apart from this, potential of mukhavaishadyakara (mouth cleansing agent), patimarsha-nasya (nasal smearing), krimighna (anti-viral), vishaghna (anti-toxic) and kshara (alkali) dravya (medicinal plants) are being highlighted as these groups of drugs are effective in subsiding kapha, vata, killing microorganism and protecting ojas (immunity) by virtue of their broad spectrum pharmacodynamic properties.

Monogenic Diabetes: Genetics and Relevance on Diabetes Mellitus Personalized Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 807-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalena Sousa ◽  
Jácome Bruges-Armas
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Neonatal Diabetes ◽  
Monogenic Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Genetics ◽  
Individualize Treatment

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease with significant impression in today's world. Aside from the most common types recognized over the years, such as type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), recent studies have emphasized the crucial role of genetics in DM, allowing the distinction of monogenic diabetes. Methods: Authors did a literature search with the purpose of highlighting and clarifying the subtypes of monogenic diabetes, as well as the accredited genetic entities responsible for such phenotypes. Results: The following subtypes were included in this literature review: maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) and maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD). So far, 14 subtypes of MODY have been identified, while three subtypes have been identified in NDM - transient, permanent, and syndromic. Discussion: Despite being estimated to affect approximately 2% of all the T2DM patients in Europe, the exact prevalence of MODY is still unknown, accentuating the need for research focused on biomarkers. Consequently, due to its impact in the course of treatment, follow-up of associated complications, and genetic implications for siblings and offspring of affected individuals, it is imperative to diagnose the monogenic forms of DM accurately. Conclusion: Currently, advances in the genetics field allowed the recognition of new DM subtypes, which until now, were considered slight variations of the typical forms. Thus, it is imperative to act in the close interaction between genetics and clinical manifestations, to facilitate diagnosis and individualize treatment.

scholarly journals Pediatric COVID-19 and the Factors That May Mitigate Its Clinical Course

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. e137-e140
Author(s):  
Mosaad Abdel-Aziz ◽  
Nada M. Abdel-Aziz ◽  
Dina M. Abdel-Aziz ◽  
Noha Azab
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Compulsory Vaccination ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Radiographic Data

AbstractThe clinical manifestations of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vary from mild flu-like symptoms to severe fatal pneumonia. However, children with COVID-19 may be asymptomatic or may have mild clinical symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical features of pediatric COVID-19 and to search for the factors that may mitigate the disease course. We reviewed the literature to realize the clinical features, laboratory, and radiographic data that may be diagnostic for COVID-19 among children. Also, we studied the factors that may affect the clinical course of the disease. Fever, dry cough, and fatigue are the main symptoms of pediatric COVID-19, sometimes flu-like symptoms and/or gastrointestinal symptoms may be present. Although some infected children may be asymptomatic, a recent unusual hyperinflammatory reaction with overlapping features of Kawasaki's disease and toxic shock syndrome in pediatric COVID-19 has been occasionally reported. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronvirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid testing is the corner-stone method for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Lymphocyte count and other inflammatory markers are not essentially diagnostic; however, chest computed tomography is highly specific. Factors that may mitigate the severity of pediatric COVID-19 are home confinement with limited children activity, trained immunity caused by compulsory vaccination, the response of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors in children is not the same as in adults, and that children are less likely to have comorbidities. As infected children may be asymptomatic or may have only mild respiratory and/or gastrointestinal symptoms that might be missed, all children for families who have a member diagnosed with COVID-19 should be investigated.

Possible role of Unani Pharmacology in COVID-19 – a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Anzar Alam ◽  
Mohd Abdul Gani ◽  
G. Shama ◽  
Ghulamuddin Sofi ◽  
Mohd Aleemuddin Quamri
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Boswellia Serrata ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), viral diseases continue to rise, and pose a significant public health problem. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is close to Amraz-e-Wabai (epidemic diseases) which was described by Hippocrates, Galen, Aristotle, Razes, Haly Abbas, Avicenna, Jurjani etc. Presently, there is no specific or challenging treatment available for COVID-19. Renowned Unani Scholars recommended during epidemic situation to stay at home, and fumigate the shelters with aromatics herbs like Ood kham (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.), Kundur (Boswellia serrata Roxb), Kafoor (Cinnamomum camphora L.), Sandal (Santalum album L), Hing (Ferula foetida L.) etc. Use of specific Unani formulations are claimed effective for the management of such epidemic or pandemic situation like antidotes (Tiryaqe Wabai, Tiryaqe Arba, Tiryaqe Azam, Gile Armani), Herbal Decoction (Joshandah), along with Sharbate Khaksi, Habbe Bukhar, Sharbate Zanjabeel, Khamira Marwareed, Jawarish Jalinus, and Sirka (vinegar). Such drugs are claimed for use as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, cardiotonic, and general tonic actions. The study enumerates the literature regarding management of epidemics in Unani medicine and attempts to look the same in the perspective of COVID-19 prevention and management.

scholarly journals A rapid screening model for early predicting novel coronavirus pneumonia in Zhejiang Province of China: a multicenter study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ning Dai ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Qing-Qing Wu ◽  
Tian-Chen Hui ◽  
Nan-Nan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Screening Model ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractNovel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has been widely spread in China and several other countries. Early finding of this pneumonia from huge numbers of suspects gives clinicians a big challenge. The aim of the study was to develop a rapid screening model for early predicting NCP in a Zhejiang population, as well as its utility in other areas. A total of 880 participants who were initially suspected of NCP from January 17 to February 19 were included. Potential predictors were selected via stepwise logistic regression analysis. The model was established based on epidemiological features, clinical manifestations, white blood cell count, and pulmonary imaging changes, with the area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of 0.920. At a cut-off value of 1.0, the model could determine NCP with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 82.3%. We further developed a simplified model by combining the geographical regions and rounding the coefficients, with the AUROC of 0.909, as well as a model without epidemiological factors with the AUROC of 0.859. The study demonstrated that the screening model was a helpful and cost-effective tool for early predicting NCP and had great clinical significance given the high activity of NCP.

NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1 SYNDROME: TWO CASES WITH DIFFERENT CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. e71
Author(s):  
DIRCEU VIRGOLINO DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
VALBER BARBOSA MARTINS ◽  
MARCELO VINICIUS DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
GUSTAVO CAVALCANTI DE ALBUQUERQUE ◽  
JOEL MOTTA JUNIOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type

Acute Pharyngitis: Etiology and Diagnosis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 949-954
Author(s):  
Alan L. Bisno
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Acute Pharyngitis ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr

Acute pharyngitis may be caused by a wide variety of microbial agents (Table 1). The relative importance of each of these agents varies greatly depending on a number of epidemiologic factors, including age of the patient, season of the year, and geographic locale. Viruses Most cases of acute pharyngitis are viral in etiology and involve the pharynx as well as other portions of the respiratory tract as manifestations of the common cold, influenza, or croup. Examples include the rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, influenza A and B, and the parainfluenza viruses. Certain viral infections causing sore throat may exhibit clinical manifestations that are rather distinctive. Examples include enteroviruses (herpangina due to Coxsackie A), Epstein-Barr virus (infectious mononucleosis), cytomegalovirus (cytomegalovirus mononucleosis), adenovirus (pharyngoconjunctival fever, acute respiratory disease of military recruits), and herpes simplex virus (pharyngitis, gingivitis, and stomatitis). In many instances, however, the illnesses caused by these agents may overlap so broadly with that of streptococcal pharyngitis as to be clinically indistinguishable. Thus, Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus, and herpes virus may all cause fever, exudative pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis. Several studies have documented the role of primary herpesvirus type 1 infection as a cause of acute pharyngitis in college students.1-4 Herpesvirus type 2 can occasionally cause a similar illness as a consequence of oral-genital sexual contact.5 Although herpesvirus infections may involve the anterior oral cavity (vesicular or ulcerative gingivostomatitis) as well as the posterior pharynx, they do not routinely do so. Only about one-fourth of students with culturally and serologically proven primary herpes simplex type 1 pharyngitis studied by Glezen et al,2 for example, had gingivostomatitis.

Role of antioxidant therapy in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
E.K. Shavarova ◽  
◽  
E.R. Cazakhmedov ◽  
M.V. Alekseeva ◽  
L.G. Ezhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Active Intervention Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The coronavirus disease COVID-19 is characterized by high mortality and the lack of effective etiotropic therapy. Activation of oxidative stress may be one of the links in the pathogenesis of organ damage of this infection. Objective. To assess the ability of Mexidol® to influence the rate of clinical improvement in pneumonia caused by the SARSCoV-2 virus in hospitalized patients with the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 and concomitant discirculatory encephalopathy. 62 patients over the age of 18 years with confirmed new coronavirus disease COVID-19 according to computed tomography (CT) of the lungs (stages CT1, CT2, CT3) and PCR of a swab from the nasopharynx and oropharynx for SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA were included. After randomization patients of group 1 received an infusion of Mexidol® at a dose of 1000 mg/day, patients of group 2 – an infusion of isotonic sodium chloride solution for 7 days. Compared with the control group, the patients receiving Mexidol® therapy showed a significantly more pronounced decrease in body temperature, a tendency towards a decrease in the severity of shortness of breath. In the Mexidol® group, the concentration of superoxidedismutase did not change, while in the control group there was a tendency to its decrease, C-reactive protein decreased 2.2 times more than in the control group (p = 0.09). There was a tendency for a more rapid decrease in ferritin in the active intervention group. Mexidol® therapy can have a positive effect on the clinical manifestations and severity of laboratory-inflammatory syndrome in patients with the new coronavirus disease COVID-19. Key words: coronavirus disease COVID-19, oxidative stress, Mexidol

FEATURES OF THE COURSE AND TACTICS OF MANAGING CHILDREN WITH KIDNEYS AND URINARY TRACT DISEASES DURING THE PANDEMIC OF NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
I.M. Kagantsov ◽  
◽  
V.V. Sizonov ◽  
V.G. Svarich ◽  
K.P. Piskunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Significant Health

The novel coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2), which first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has been declared a global pandemic by WHO. COVID-19 affects people of all age groups. The disease in children is usually asymptomatic or mild compared to adults, and with a significantly lower death rates. Data on kidney damage in children with COVID-19, as well as the effect of coronavirus infection on the course of diseases of the genitourinary system, are limited, the risks of contracting a new coronavirus infection in children with significant health problems, including those with chronic kidney disease, remain uncertain. The pandemic has affected the activities of surgeons treating diseases of the urinary system in children. Since the prospects for the end of the pandemic are vague, it is necessary to formulate criteria for selecting patients who can and should be provided with routine care in the pandemic. The purpose of this review is to highlight the features of the clinical manifestations and treatment of children with COVID-19, occurring against the background of previous renal pathology or complicating its course.

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