The link between urbanization and air pollution in Turkey: Evidence from dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag simulations

Positive Shock ◽

Abstract This study investigates the relationship between urbanization and air pollution in Turkey. Dynamic ARDL method was used for the period 1960–2014. According to the findings, there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between long-term urbanization and Co2. If urbanization increased by 1%, carbon emissions increased by 0.02%. There is a similar relationship between the shocks that will occur in population growth and Co2 emission in the long term. However, there is a negative and statistically insignificant relationship between the two variables. In the relationship between GDP and Co2, there is a positive relationship in the long term. GDP increase of 1% increases Co2 emissions by 0.11%. There is a similar relationship between long-term GDP shocks and Co2 emissions. According to short-term analysis results, energy consumption increases Co2 emissions by the same rate as GDP. However, the astonishing result of the study emerges here. Empirical results show that a long-term positive shock in energy consumption reduces CO2 emissions and a negative shock increases pollution. According to these results, Turkey has not reached the point of sustainable growth. For this reason, this developing country needs to make regulatory implementations and determine future policies for these impacts affecting air pollution.

DAMPAK PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI, PENGELUARAN RUMAH TANGGA, DAN KETERBUKAAN PERDAGANGAN TERHADAP KONSUMSI ENERGI FINAL DI INDONESIA

Jurnal Ecoment Global ◽

10.35908/jeg.v4i2.751 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Bambang Priyo Cahyono ◽

Yusro Hakimah

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Trade Openness ◽

Value Added ◽

Short Term ◽

Final Consumption ◽

Final Energy ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Final Energy Consumption

This study investigates the impact of economic growth on three main development sectors, household final consumption expenditure, and trade openness towards the growth of final energy consumption in Indonesia using annual data for the period 1972-2016. We applied autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) procedures which consist of stationarity test, cointegration test, as well as estimation the short-term and long-term relationships. The cointegration test revealed existence cointegration<br />relationship among the variables in the model. In the short-term and long-term model, our results indicated that the growth of value-added in agriculture sector and industry sector, household final consumption expenditures, and trade openness in the short-term and long-term have a significant effect toward final energy consumption in Indonesia, while the growth of value-added in the service sector only given a short-term effect toward final energy consumption in Indonesia. Based on these<br />results, it can be concluded that sustainable economic development in Indonesia needs to be accompanied by the development of new and renewable energy in order to fulfil domestic energy supply which is predicted to continue to increase rapidly in the future.<br />Keyword : final energi consumption, economic development, household final consumption expenditure, trade openness, autoregressive distributed lag modeling<br />JEL Classification : D1, E21, F14, O13, Q43.

The relationship between renewable energy and sustainable development in Indonesia

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/922/1/012034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 922 (1) ◽

pp. 012034

Author(s):

G Syamni ◽

Wardhiah ◽

Zulkifli ◽

M J A Siregar ◽

Y A Sitepu

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

The Relationship ◽

Positive Effect

Abstract This paper is conducted to examine the relationship between the use of renewable energy and FDI in Indonesia. The data used in this study is secondary data that has been published by the World Bank and accessed in www.Data.worldbank.org. periode 2004-2019. The data analysis method used is the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method. The results of the study found that the use of renewable energy in the short and long term has a positive effect on Indonesia’s economic growth. Meanwhile, the same thing is also shown from the FDI variable in the short term and long term which has a significant positive effect on economic growth and has a positive effect on economic growth. Finally, with this finding, it is concluded that both the short and long term the Indonesian government needs to make a breakthrough to explore renewable energy sources for economic growth.

Revisiting the debt-growth nexus: Evidence from India

Economic Annals ◽

10.2298/eka2131151s ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 (231) ◽

pp. 151-171

Author(s):

Pratibha Saini ◽

Krishna Muniyoor

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Public Debt ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Sustainable Growth ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Long Run ◽

Significant Negative Relationship ◽

Primary Surplus

The main purpose of this study is to examine the debt-growth nexus in India over the period 1984-2019 using Bayer-Hanck and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration techniques. The findings of both techniques suggest the existence of a negative relationship between public debt and economic growth in the long run. The results also confirm the significant negative relationship between foreign exchange reserves and economic growth. Interestingly, the test results confirm the unidirectional causality running from public debt to economic growth in the case of India. From a policy perspective, reducing public debt is imperative to achieve long-term sustainable growth. Efforts should be made to circumvent the burden of burgeoning interest liabilities by generating a primary surplus, which will facilitate debt servicing and timely repayment of debt.

Oil Price, Energy Consumption, and CO2 Emissions in Turkey. New Evidence from a Bootstrap ARDL Test

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13215588 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 5588

Author(s):

Mohammed Abumunshar ◽

Mehmet Aga ◽

Ahmed Samour

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Oil Prices ◽

Oil Price ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Long Run ◽

Imported Oil

The main objective of this research was to test the effect of oil prices, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, and economic growth on Turkey’s carbon emissions by using three co-integration tests, namely, the newly-developed bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) testing technique as proposed by (McNown et al., 2018); the new approach involving the Bayer–Hanck (2013) combined co-integration test; and the H-J (2008) co-integration technique, which induces two dates of structural breaks. The autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL), dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), canonical cointegrating regression (CCR), and fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) approaches were utilized to test the long-run interaction between the examined variables. The Granger causality (GC) analysis was utilized to investigate the direction of causality among the variables. The long-run coefficients of ARDL, DOLS, CCR, and FMOLS showed that the oil prices had a negative influence on CO2 emissions in Turkey in the long run. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that non-renewable energy, which includes oil, natural gas, and coal, increased CO2 emissions. In contrast, renewable energy can decrease the environmental pollution. These empirical findings can be attributed to the fact that Turkey is heavily dependent on imported oil; more than 50% of the energy requirement has been supplied by imports. Hence, oil price fluctuations have severe effects on the economic performance in Turkey, which in turn affects energy consumption and the level of carbon emissions. The study suggests that the rate of imported oil in Turkey must be decreased by finding more renewable energy sources for the energy supply formula to avoid any undesirable effects of oil price fluctuations on the CO2 emissions, and also to achieve sustainable development.

Another Look into the Relationship between Economic Growth, Carbon Emissions, Agriculture and Urbanization in Thailand: A Frequency Domain Analysis

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14165132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (16) ◽

pp. 5132

Author(s):

Mário Nuno Mata ◽

Seun Damola Oladipupo ◽

Rjoub Husam ◽

Joaquim António Ferrão ◽

Mehmet Altuntaş ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Frequency Domain ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Frequency Domain Analysis ◽

Causal Connection ◽

Causality Test ◽

Macroeconomic Indicators ◽

This empirical study assesses the effect of CO2 emissions, urbanization, energy consumption, and agriculture on Thailand’s economic growth using a dataset between 1970 and 2018. The ARDL and the frequency domain causality (FDC) approaches were applied to assess these interconnections. The outcome of the bounds test suggested a long-term association among the variables of investigation. The ARDL outcomes reveal that urbanization, agriculture, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions positively trigger Thailand’s economic growth. Additionally, the frequency domain causality test was used to detect a causal connection between the series. The main benefit of this technique is that it can detect a causal connection between series at different frequencies. To the understanding of the authors, this is the first study in the case of Thailand that will apply the FDC approach to capture the causal linkage between GDP and the regressors. The outcomes of the causality test suggested that CO2 emissions, urbanization, energy consumption, and agriculture can predict Thailand’s economic growth in the long term. These outcomes have far-reaching implications for economic performance and Thailand’s macroeconomic indicators.

Testing the Relationship Between Government Spending and Revenue: Case of Kyrgyzstan

International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2016 ◽

10.36880/c07.01473 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hakan Çetintaş ◽

Damira Baigonushova

Keyword(s):

Government Spending ◽

Public Expenditure ◽

Sustainable Growth ◽

Government Revenue ◽

Real Economy ◽

Fiscal Discipline ◽

Decomposition Approach ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Sound fiscal policy is very important to promote price stability and sustainable growth in real economy. Thus, understanding the relationship between government spending and revenue is also essential to evaluate how to address fiscal imbalances. So, the focus of this research is to investigate the relationship between government revenue and spending in Kyrgyzstan. For this purpose, we have used an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), also Variance Decomposition approach and found that these two data are cointegrated. Findings support “the tax- spend hypothesis” for fiscal discipline in Kyrgyzstan over the period of 1995-2014. In other words, according to the results, increase in real government revenue results in even higher public expenditure.

Analysis of carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth in China

Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) ◽

10.17221/258/2019-agricecon ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 183-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Abrham Tezera Gessesse ◽

Ge He

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Economic Structure ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Long Run ◽

This study examines the nexus of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy consumption (EC) and gross domestic products (GDP), using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test approach of co-integration and error-correction model (ECM) for the period 1971–2015. The aim of the research is to i) examine the relationship between CO2 and GDP as “cross-coupling, relative decoupling, or absolute decoupling,” and validate the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis; ii) detect causality between CO2 emissions, EC, and GDP, and scrutinize their impacts. The ARDL results confirm a long-run and short-run co-integration relationship between the variables. The relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP is “relatively decoupling,” and the EKC exists in China. Its CO2 emissions are more explained by EC and contribute twofold of GDP. In the long run, there was significant negative causality from CO2 emission and GDP to EC. This indicates Chinese economic development structure should be re-designed towards energy-saving and decarbonized economic structure. Moreover, the central and provincial governments of China should synchronize optimal energy utilization and green economic structure to mitigate environmental deterioration and climate change.

Are Energy Consumption, Population Density and Exports Causing Environmental Damage in China? Autoregressive Distributed Lag and Vector Error Correction Model Approaches

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13073749 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 3749

Author(s):

Mohammad Mafizur Rahman ◽

Xuan-Binh (Benjamin) Vu

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Correction Model ◽

Vector Error Correction ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Vector Error ◽

Long Run ◽

Short Run

This paper investigates whether energy consumption, population density, and exports are the main factors causing environmental damage in China. Using annual data from 1971–2018, unit root tests are applied for the stationarity analyses, and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds tests are used for the long-run relationships between the variables. A Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) Granger approach is employed to examine the causal relationships amongst the variables. Our findings show that the selected variables are cointegrated, and that energy consumption and economic growth are identified as the main reasons for CO2 emissions in both the short-run and long-run. In contrast, exports reduce CO2 emissions in the long-run. Short-run unidirectional Granger causality is found from economic growth to energy consumption, CO2 emissions and exports, and from CO2 emissions to energy consumption and exports. Moreover, long-run causal links exist between CO2 emissions and exports. Five policy recommendations are made following the obtained results.

The Relationship between CO2 Emissions, Air Pollution, and Tourism Flows in China: A Panel Data Analysis of Chinese Provinces

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132011408 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (20) ◽

pp. 11408

Author(s):

Bahram Zikirya ◽

Jieyu Wang ◽

Chunshan Zhou

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Panel Data ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Panel Data Analysis ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

So2 Emissions ◽

Tourism Flows ◽

The Relationship ◽

Domestic Tourist

This study quantitatively investigated the relationship between climate change (proxied by CO2 emissions), air pollution (proxied by PM2.5 concentration levels and PM10 and SO2 emissions), and tourism flows (proxied by inbound and domestic tourist arrivals) using panel data for 30 Chinese provinces from 2010 to 2017. The results demonstrate a long-term equilibrium relationship between CO2 emissions, air pollution variables, and tourism flows (including the number of inbound and domestic tourists). The panel data model results show that CO2 emissions have an opposite effect on inbound and domestic tourist arrivals, while domestic and inbound tourists positively affect CO2 emissions. PM2.5 level and PM10 and SO2 emissions all have a negative effect on the number of tourists. There is bidirectional causality between CO2 emissions and domestic tourist arrivals, which means CO2 emissions and domestic tourist arrivals have a two-way effect. A one-way causality running from PM2.5 to inbound tourist arrivals and SO2 emissions to domestic tourist arrivals was found. Moreover, we also found bidirectional causality between PM10 and inbound tourist arrivals and PM10 and domestic tourist arrivals. Variance decomposition function results suggest that PM10 and SO2 emissions have stronger effects on inbound tourist arrivals in the long term, while CO2 emissions and PM10 have stronger power in explaining innovations in domestic tourist arrivals. The movements in the domestic tourist arrivals do significantly affect CO2 emissions in the long run. The study provides theoretical implications and guidance for achieving a healthy and sustainable tourism industry.

Population growth, income growth and savings in Ghana

Journal of Economics and Development ◽

10.1108/jed-12-2019-0078 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 281-296

Author(s):

John Gartchie Gatsi ◽

Michael Owusu Appiah

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Population Growth ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Policy Formulation ◽

Content Type ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Efficient Access ◽

PurposeThe study explores the relationship among economic growth, population growth, gross savings and energy consumption over the period 1987– 2017.Design/methodology/approachThe autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test approach by Pesaran et al. (2001) was employed to investigate variables for the study.FindingsIn the key findings, both gross savings and population growth negatively affect economic growth. However, energy consumption has positive impact on economic growth.Practical implicationsThese findings call for policy portfolios to address the impacts of gross savings and population growth on economic development. In particular, the financial sector needs to be revamped to be more efficient in channeling funds from the surplus units to the deficit units. It is recommended that investment be made in financial and technological innovation to provide efficient access to credits and other financial products even though individual savings may not move with economic growth.Originality/valueMany studies have explored the nexus between savings and economic growth without considering population growth and energy consumption. In this study, the relationship among savings, economic growth, population growth and energy consumption provide additional knowledge in policy formulation.