scholarly journals Development and Characterization of Green Automotive Brakepads from Waste Shells of Giant African Snail (Achatina Achatina L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinwuba Victor Ossia ◽  
A. Big-Alabo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Commercial Sample ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Liquid Absorption ◽  
The Matrix

Abstract In this study, waste shells of African giant snail (Achatina achatina L.) were explored as candidates for asbestos-free non-carcinogenic brakepads. The results obtained showed that the density, brinell hardness and compressive strength of the snail shell (SS) brake pads were superior to the commercial sample used for comparison. These properties were found to decrease with increase in particle size, following a negative index power law model after the order of the Hall-Petch equation. However, the liquid absorption characteristics increased with increase in particle size and its model followed a positive index power law due to the pores in the matrix. On the other hand, the thermal conductivity showed no significant change with variation in particle size. The SS-based brake pad exhibited better frictional grip at the rubbing interfaces compared to the commercial brake pad sample. From the frictional results obtained, the commercial brake pad can be rated as Edge-Code-D whereas the frictional rating for the SS-based brake pad with different particle sizes are Edge-Code-E (500µm and 250µm), Edge-Code-F (375µm), Edge-Code-G (125µm) and Edge-Code-H (90µm). The wear rates and wear areas of the developed SS-based brake pads were inferior to the commercial sample but can be improved by impregnating the matrix with more iron fillings to enhance the poor thermal conductivity and hence wear characteristics.

Brake Wear Particle Size and Shape Analysis of Non-Asbestos Organic (NAO) and Semi Metallic Brake Pad

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain, S. ◽  
M.K Abdul Hamid ◽  
A.R Mat Lazim ◽  
A.R. Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Wear Particle ◽  
Brake Disc ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Brake Wear Particles ◽  
Brake Wear ◽  
Particle Size And Shape

Brake wear particles resulting from friction between the brake pad and disc are common in brake system. In this work brake wear particles were analyzed based on the size and shape to investigate the effects of speed and load applied to the generation of brake wear particles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to identify the size, shape and element compositions of these particles. Two types of brake pads were studied which are non-asbestos organic and semi metallic brake pads. Results showed that the size and shape of the particles generatedvary significantly depending on the applied brake load, and less significantly on brake disc speed. The wear particle becomes bigger with increasing applied brake pressure. The wear particle size varies from 300 nm to 600 µm, and contained elements such as carbon, oxygen, magnesium, aluminum, sulfur and iron.

A retrofit for asbestos-based brake pad employing palm kernel fiber as the base filler material

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (9) ◽  
pp. 1906-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH Achebe ◽  
JL Chukwuneke ◽  
FA Anene ◽  
CM Ewulonu
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Automotive Brake

The development of automobile brake pad using locally sourced palm kernel fiber was carried out. Asbestos, a carcinogenic material, has been used for decades as a friction material. This development has thus prompted a couple of research efforts geared towards its replacement for brake pad manufacture. Palm kernel fiber was used as an alternative filler material in conjunction with various quantities of epoxy resin as the matrix. Three sets of compositions were made, and the resulting specimens subjected to physical and mechanical tests using standard materials, procedures, and equipment. The essence is to determine their suitability and hence possible performance in service. The result showed that sample C with 40% palm kernel fiber content having hardness, compressive strength, abrasion resistance, specific gravity, water absorption, and oil absorption of 178 MPa, 96.2 MPa, 1.67 mg/m, 1.8 g/cm3, 1.86%, and 0.89%, respectively, had an optimum performance rating. It was equally ascertained that increase in the filler content had the effect of increase in hardness, wear resistance, and specific gravity of the composite brake pad, while water and oil absorption got decreased when compared with results obtained by other researchers using conventional brake pads made of other friction materials including asbestos. This is an indicator that palm kernel fiber is a possible and effective retrofit for asbestos as a filler material in automotive brake pad manufacture.

Characterization of Commercial Automotive Brake Pad Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Eko Surojo ◽  
Wijang Wisnu Raharjo ◽  
Jamasri ◽  
Aditya Utama
Keyword(s):  
Spare Part ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Friction Testing ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Automotive Parts ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Metallic Filler ◽  
Automotive Brake

In automotive parts market, there are two classes of commercial brake pad that are original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and aftermarket (Non-OEM spare part). In manufacturing of commercial brake pad materials, the difference of ingredient or concentration used is important because of differences in characteristics and cost. It is well known that the OEM brake pads are more expensive than the Non-OEM brake pads. In this study, the OEM and the Non-OEM of passenger car brake pad were evaluated in order to obtain a comparison of friction characteristics, composition, and microstructure between them. The OEM and the Non-OEM brake pad were purchased, cut out to form specimen, and then evaluated to obtain material characteristics. Specimens were subjected to friction testing using pin on disc machine and microstructure examinations. The results show that the OEM brake pad material has lower and more stable in coefficient of friction than the Non-OEM brake pad material. The OEM brake pad material also has more wear resistance than the Non-OEM brake pad material. Examinations using SEM/EDS show that the OEM brake pad material contains metallic fillers that are Cu and Fe, on the other hand, the Non-OEM brake pad material does not contain metallic filler. The Non-OEM brake pad material uses asbestos as reinforcement.

Percolation Effects in MCNT-filled Polystyrene: Rheological,Optical, Adhesion and Conductive Investigations

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Andreea Irina Barzic
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Transport ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Surface Adhesion ◽  
Solution Blending ◽  
System Composition ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Multiwall Carbon

This work is devoted to the preparation and characterization of some polystyrene/multiwall carbon nanotubes (PS/MCNT) systems. The dispersion of the reinforcement agent within the PS medium was done via sonication and the resulting nanocomposites containing 0-40 wt% MCNTs were achieved by solution blending procedure. Shear flow and viscoelastic properties were tested by means of rheology, revealing some changes in the sample microstructure. Dispersion curves of the matrix and low filled nanocomposite were registered at variable temperatures. The theoretical refractive index and corresponding dielectric constant at optical frequencies were analyzed as a function of the system composition. Heat transport in the reinforced materials was examined by computer modeling, which enabled calculation of thermal conductivity. Electrical transport features were assessed using a theoretical approach relying on the physical properties of each phase. The surface adhesion of the samples with various materials was determined to check the suitability for applications in technical or bio-related fields.

The Study on the Preparation and Characterization of Crosslinked Polyvinyl Alcohol Microspheres

2013 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
pp. 337-342
Author(s):  
Yun Feng Yang ◽  
Bao Jiao Gao ◽  
Su Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Microemulsion Polymerization ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Inverse Microemulsion ◽  
Inverse Microemulsion Polymerization

Linear polyvinyl alcohol ( PVA ) as the matrix, Glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent, the crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol microspheres ( CPVA ) was prepared by inverse microemulsion polymerization. Influence factors for forms and particle size of crosslinking spheres such as the ratio of oil and water, reaction temperature and time, crosslinking agent and catalyst use level, stirring speed. When reaction conditions changed, the particle size would change accordingly.

scholarly journals Development of Asbestos-free Brake Pads Using Bamboo Leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-351
Author(s):  
N. O. Adekunle ◽  
K. A. Oladejo ◽  
S. I. Kuye ◽  
A. D. Aikulola
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Bamboo Leaves ◽  
Steel Dust ◽  
Automotive Brake

Asbestos-based brake pads are not desirable due to the carcinogenic nature of asbestos. Organic asbestos-free brake automotive brake pad produced from bamboo leaves was evaluated in this study. Ground bamboo leaves were sieved into sieve grades of 100, 200, and 350 μm. The sieved bamboo leaves particles were then combined with 15 % steel dust, 10% graphite, 20% resin, Silicon Carbide varied five (5) times between 35-55 % and 0-20% respectively for each sieve grade to make brake pads of different ratios. The mechanical properties (hardness, compressive strength, density, porosity, wear rate, and flame resistance) of the produced samples were investigated. The results showed that the finer the particle size of the bamboo leaves, the better the mechanical properties of the produced samples. The results of this work when compared with those of the commercial (asbestos based) brake pad showed they were in close agreement except for the wear rate and porosity property. Therefore, bamboo leaves could be used in the production of asbestos free brake pads if the wear rate and porosity properties of the produced samples could be improved.

Influence of Particle Size and Calcination Temperature on the Abrasiveness of Garnet for Water Jet Cutting of Tough Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Mahmoud A. Rabah
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Commercial Sample ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Water Jet Cutting ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Higher Temperature

This study shows the influence of calcinations temperature and particle size of natural garnet mineral on its hardness and abrasiveness (H/A) for use in water jet cutting of tough materials. A standard commercial sample of the mineral was characterized in terms of the hardness and abrasiveness properties. The sample was sized to 4 fractions having the size of <60 um, > 60 < 100 um, > 100 < 200 um and > 200 < 250 um designated the symbols, FF, MF, MC and C respectively. Each fraction was separately heated in controlled conditions at temperatures up to 1000°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min in an electrically heated tube furnace. Soaking time at the maximum temperature was 60 minutes. Hardness and abrasiveness properties of the heat treated samples were tested to cut marble having a thickness of 30 mm. Results revealed that H/A of the garnet mineral increased by heating at temperatures up to 750°C and exhibited gradual decrease with higher temperatures up to 1000°C. Results were explained in the light of a structural irreversible metamorphism (SM) of the garnet crystals; almandine Fe2+ 3Al2Si3O12and propel Mg3Al2Si3O12. Metamorphism involved reorientation of the crystals followed by coherence to form dense grouping. At higher temperature, irreversible thermal expansion of the structure sets in. Characterization of the mineral was carried out with the help of XRD, SEM and FT-IR measurements.

scholarly journals Effect of grain size on the physicomechanical properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
C. V. Ossia ◽  
A. Big-Alabo ◽  
E. O. Ekpruke
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Physicomechanical Properties ◽  
Interfacial Bonding ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Brake Pads

AbstractIn this study, locally available waste coconut (Cocos nucifera) shells (CSs) were investigated as possible replacement for asbestos-based brake pads. The CS-based brake pad was tested for its physicomechanical properties and compared with a commercial brake pad used as control sample. The results showed that (a) an improved interfacial bonding between the CS particles and the binder as the grain size decreases; (b) the 90 μm grain size sample had better physicomechanical properties than the control sample in all tests except the thermal conductivity and stability tests; and (c) the hardness, compressive strength, and density of the CS-based brake pad decreased with increasing grain size, whereas the absorption properties increased with increasing grain size. The study showed that further reduction of the grain size below 90 μm and matrix impregnation with metals of good thermal conductivity could provide significant improvements to properties of the CS-based brake pad.

scholarly journals Recycled ceramic composite for automobile brake pad application

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnson O. Agunsoye ◽  
Sefiu. A. Bello ◽  
Adeola A. Bamigbaiye ◽  
Kayode A. Odunmosu ◽  
Isaac O. Akinboye
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Phase Particle ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Friction Property ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Commercial Grade

Abstract Ceramic tile/steel slag-graphite-Arabic gum composite has been developed using conventional casting techniques for brake pad applications. Chemical properties of the phases present in the matrix of the developed composite were examined using X-ray diffractometer. Spatial configuration of the phases was viewed using Scanning Electron Microscope. Wear and thermal properties of the developed composite were also investigated. Correlation between the properties of the developed composite and the commercial grade brake pads were made. Results showed partial homogenity of the second phase particle within the ceramic matrix. The developed composite brake pad showed a better friction property than the commercial grade brake pads up to 200 s while above this duration, the reverse was the case. The developed composite brake displayed lower wear rates and better thermal stability than the commercial grades implying optimum combination of good wear resistance, friction property and thermal stability up to 200 s. Since brake application while driving is an intermittent short span process (< 3 minutes), the developed composite could serve as a replacement for asbestos brake pad for automobile applications.

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