scholarly journals A comparison of the balance skills, personality, and temperament of elite sports athletes and football players

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Wojciechowska-Maszkowska ◽  
Dorota Borzucka ◽  
Aleksandra Rogowska
Keyword(s):  
Postural Balance ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
National Team ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Eyes Closed

Abstract Background: Although balance skills and personality have been explored in the field of sports science, little is known about the relationship between the two factors. This study aims to investigate the association of postural balance with traits of personality and temperament. The differences between elite athletes, football players, and the control sample will also be examined.Methods: There were 73 participants in the cross-sectional study, aged between 16 and 30 years (M = 21.29, SD = 2.47), including 59% men. Three samples of participants consisted of elite athletes (AE, n = 17, 23.29%) from the Polish National Team; football players (FP, n = 32, 43.84%); and the control sample (CS, n = 24, 32.88%). Postural control was assessed on a force platform (Type 9286AA, Kistler Instrumente AG, Winterthur, Switzerland) with a sampling frequency of 100 Hz. The center of pressure (COP) parameter was measured for 20 s in both conditions with eyes open, and eyes closed, in both directions, anterior‒posterior (AP) and medial‒lateral (ML). The COP parameters include standard deviation (SD), mean range (RA), mean velocity (MV), and entropy (SE). The NEO-FFI questionnaire was used to assess the Big Five personality traits, whereas the FCB-TI was used to assess temperament.Results: One-way ANOVA revealed that the EA and CS groups were more stable in the ML direction than the FP group. In the AP direction, the athletes from the EA group were more stable than the CS group. Neither personality nor temperament differentiated the three groups of participants, apart from agreeableness, which was significantly lower in both the EA and FP groups. Openness to experience is positively associated with COP parameters, as was shown by the regression analysis. All together, COP parameters can explain for about 40% of openness variability.Conclusions: The results of this study showed that EA and CS have better stability than footballers in both the ML and AP directions. Openness seems to be related to postural balance skills.

A comparison of the balance skills, personality, and temperament traits between elite sports athletes and football players

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Wojciechowska-Maszkowska ◽  
Dorota Borzucka ◽  
Aleksandra Rogowska
Keyword(s):  
Postural Balance ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
National Team ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Temperament Traits

Abstract Background: Although research on balance skills and personality were explored in the field of sports science, little is known about the relationship between the two phenomena. This study aims to investigate the association of postural balance with traits of personality and temperament. The differences between elite athletes, football players, and the control sample will also be examined. Methods: Participants in the case-control study were 73 people, aged between 16 and 30 years old (M = 21.29, SD = 2.47), including 59% of men. Three samples of participants consisted of Elite Athletes (AE, n = 17, 23.29%) of the Polish National Team; Football Players (FP, n = 32, 43.84%); and Control Sample (CS, n = 24, 32.88%). Postural control was assessed on a force platform (Type 9286AA, Kistler Instrument AG, Winterthur, Switzerland) with a sampling frequency of 100 Hz. The center of pressure (COP) parameters was measured during 20 seconds in both conditions eye open, and eye closed, in both directions anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML). The COP parameters include standard deviation (SD), mean range (RA), mean velocity (MV), and entropy (SE). The NEO-FFI questionnaire was used to assess Big-Five personality traits, whereas the FCB-TI was used to measure temperament traits. Results: One-way ANOVA revealed that the EA and CS groups were more stable in ML direction than the FP group. In the AP direction, the athletes from the EA group were more stable than the CS group. Nor personality, neither temperament did not differentiate the three groups of participants, beside agreeableness, which was significantly lower in both EA and FP groups. Openness to experiences is positively associated with COP parameters, as it was shown in regression analysis. All COP parameters can explain for about 40% of openness variability. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that EA and CS have better stability than footballers in both ML and AP direction. Openness seems to be related to postural balance skills.

Comparing Standing Balance at Real and Virtual Elevated Environments

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (26) ◽  
pp. 2169-2173
Author(s):  
Peter Simeonov ◽  
Hongwei Hsiao ◽  
Brian Dotson ◽  
Douglas Amnions
Keyword(s):  
Postural Balance ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Visual Simulation ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Deformable Surfaces ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Anterior Posterior

The study evaluated the efficacy of a surround-screen virtual reality (SSVR) system in simulating heights for studying human postural balance at elevation. Twenty four subjects performed standing tasks at 9-m elevation and ground level, on firm and deformable surfaces, in a real environment (RE) and a comparable virtual environment (VE). The RE was the interior of the high-bay laboratory at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in Morgantown, West Virginia; the VE simulated this environment in the SSVR system. Medial-lateral and anterior-posterior body sways and mean velocity of the human center-of-pressure displacement were collected using a force platform. The results indicated that the sway parameters were similar in VE and RE at elevation on both firm and deformable surfaces. At ground level, the sway parameters were significantly increased in the VE compared to the RE on a deformable surface, but not on a firm surface. It appears that visual simulation of elevated environments within a SSVR is adequate for studying the risk factors leading to losing balance and fall incidents.

scholarly journals The influence of an aquatic exercise program on balance in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarida Ferreira ◽  
Cristina Mesquita ◽  
Paula Santos ◽  
João Borges ◽  
Maria Graça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Aquatic Exercise ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open

Abstract Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease that leads to a limitation of mobility, which can cause postural deficits and progressive loss of balance. Aquatic exercise improves this health condition. The objetive is to verify the influence of an aquatic exercise program, on balance and functionality, in individuals with AS. Methods Pre-experimental study carried out on 6 individuals with AS. All individuals were assessed at baseline (M0) and 12 weeks after the intervention (M1) using the Bath indices (BASMI, BASFI and BASDAI) and the balance assessment protocol (‘Body Sway’) by the Physiosensing Platform. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 26. Were used descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon test to compare M0 and M1. The significance value was 0.05. Results We verify improvements in BASMI (P = 0.046), BASFI (P = 0.042) and BASDAI (P = 0.027) scores. Through the analysis of the center of pressure variables, there were no statistically significant differences, between moments, in the protocol. However, when assessing balance, in the anteroposterior mean distance in both the protocol (eyes open) and in the protocol (eyes closed), in the root mean square in both protocols and in mediolateral mean velocity, only in the protocol (eyes open), there was a slight decrease in the median value. Conclusions The present study suggests that the specific aquatic exercise program, may influence balance and improve functionality in a population with AS. Therefore, the Bath indices translate improvements in the symptoms and functionalities of these participants.

scholarly journals The Effect of Short-Time Pre-Season Intensive, Neuromuscular Training on Postural Stability on Elite Football Players

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (11_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967114S0020
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kowalczyk ◽  
Natalia Łoboda ◽  
Robert Śmigielski ◽  
Marcin Popieluch
Keyword(s):  
Postural Balance ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Neuromuscular Training ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Somatosensory Information ◽  
Short Time

Objectives: Adequate neuromuscular training is proven to be of enormous importance in the prevention of injuries. It enhances the ability to use somatosensory information, which improves postural capabilities, reduces injury ratios and improves player’s sport performance. We hypothesized that a short-time (3 week) intensive neuromuscular training would significantly improve postural balance of professional football players. We also hypothesized that the non-dominant leg of football players would show a better level of stability than the dominant leg (kicking leg). Methods: Sixteen professional soccer players participated in the study. They were tested before and after the 3-week training period. The controlled grup consisted of 20 players that were tested twice in 3-week period. The study was performed with a use of stabliographic platform, which is based on the measurement and analysis of center of pressure movement (COP). Players were tested during one leg stance with eyes opened and closed. Results: After a period of neuromuscular training football players show statistically better postural control (p <0.05) for both the dominant and non-dominant leg for the test with eyes open and also comparing to the controlled group. The non-dominant leg did not show a better level of stability than the dominant leg. Conclusion: The postural stability of professional football players was better after the 3-week intensive neuromuscular training. A combination of balance, coordination, agility, core and trunk control appears to be a successful training schedule to improve postural balance and reduce injury in football.

scholarly journals Performance Motivation of Elite Athletes, Recreational Athletes and Non-Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Šmela ◽  
Petra Pačesová ◽  
Stanislav Kraček ◽  
Dan Hájovský
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Grammar School ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
National Team ◽  
Recreational Athletes ◽  
Performance Scale

Abstract The aim of the paper is to widen knowledge about motivation of elite, recreational athletes and non-athletes. Participants from the elite athletes group (n = 35, 16.7 ± .70 years old) were football players of the Slovak national team. Recreational athletes (n = 31, 16.8 ± .80 years old) and non-athletes (n = 29, 15.7 ± .60 years old) are visiting Grammar School in Zvolen. D-M-V standardized questionnaire was used to determine performance motivation. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov's test disconfirmed the null hypothesis on the normality of data. We used the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests to determine the statistical significance of the differences. The results showed that there were significant (p .0.01) differences with large effect size (η2 ≥ .14) in all the three (the performance motives scale, the anxiety inhibiting performance scale and the anxiety supporting performance scale) dimensions among the research groups. The motivation of elite athletes is significantly higher (p = .048; r = .25) compared to the recreational athletes. Also, compared to the non-athletes, the level of performance motivation is significantly higher (p = .002; r = .51) in the elite athletes. Based on the results of the study we can formulate the statement that the level of performance motivation is contingent on the level of sport activity.

scholarly journals Should the Minimal Intervention Principle Be Considered When Investigating Dual-Tasking Effects on Postural Control?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Wachholz ◽  
Federico Tiribello ◽  
Arunee Promsri ◽  
Peter Federolf
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Dual Tasking ◽  
Minimal Intervention ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Postural Movement

Dual-tasking charges the sensorimotor system with performing two tasks simultaneously. Center of pressure (COP) analysis reveals the postural control that is altered during dual-tasking, but may not reveal the underlying neural mechanisms. In the current study, we hypothesized that the minimal intervention principle (MIP) provides a concept by which dual-tasking effects on the organization and prioritization of postural control can be predicted. Postural movements of 23 adolescents (age 12.7 ± 1.3; 8 females) and 15 adults (26.9 ± 2.3) were measured in a bipedal stance with eyes open, eyes closed and eyes open while performing a dual-task using a force plate and 39 reflective markers. COP data was analyzed by calculating the mean velocity, standard deviation and amplitude of displacement. Kinematic data was examined by performing a principal component analysis (PCA) and extracting postural movement components. Two variables were determined to investigate changes in amplitude (aVark) and in control (Nk) of the principal movement components. Results in aVark and in Nk agreed well with the predicted dual-tasking effects. Thus, the current study corroborates the notion that the MIP should be considered when investigating postural control under dual-tasking conditions.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF STATIC POSTURAL BALANCE IN PATIENTS WITH SWEDDS AND PARKINSON’S DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (09) ◽  
pp. 2040013
Author(s):  
DO-YOUNG KWON ◽  
YOON-HYEOK CHOI ◽  
YU-RI KWON ◽  
GWANG-MOON EOM ◽  
JI-WON KIM
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Custom Made

Differentiating scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficits (SWEDDs) from Parkinson’s disease (PD) is very important to avoid costly and inappropriate interventions. The postural balance strategy patients with SWEDDs are not clear. This study investigates the difference in static postural balance between patients with SWEDDs and PD. Twenty-two patients (11 SWEDDs and 11 PD groups) and 11 control groups were instructed to quietly stand on a custom-made force platform. The outcome measures were, mean distance, 95% confidence ellipse area, mean velocity, mean frequency, peak frequency and peak power derived from the center of pressure (COP) data in overall, medio-lateral (ML) and anterio-posterior (AP) directions. As statistical analysis, ANOVA and post hoc tests were conducted for comparison of patients with SWEDDs and PD. SWEDDs patients presented a smaller postural sway size and a more frequent postural sway mainly in the ML direction ([Formula: see text]). On the contrary, there were no significant differences in mean velocity and peak power. Also, no significant differences existed between SWEDDs and normal subjects ([Formula: see text]). The results reflect that a few COP-based outcome variables might be useful to distinguish SWEDDs patients from PD patients. This study suggests that a static postural balance test can be used for clinical screening and identification of potential SWEDDs.

scholarly journals Effects of Back Support Exoskeleton Use on Postural Stability

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1088-1089
Author(s):  
Jang-Ho Park ◽  
Sunwook Kim ◽  
Maury A. Nussbaum ◽  
Divya Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Upright Stance ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Unipedal Standing ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Interactive Dynamics

While occupational back support exoskeletons (BSEs) are being considered as a potential intervention to reduce physical demands in tasks such as repetitive lifting (e.g., Frost, Abdoli-E, & Stevenson, 2009; Koopman, Kingma, Faber, de Looze, & van Dieën, 2019), BSE use in practice may introduce some unexpected or unintended safety challenges (Baltrusch, van Dieën, van Bennekom, & Houdijk, 2018; de Looze, Bosch, Krause, Stadler, & O’Sullivan, 2016). One potential adverse effect is a decrease in postural balance and stability due to the extra weight and the rigid structure of a BSE. However, there is limited empirical evidence on how the use of a BSE affects postural balance and stability. In this study, we investigated the effects of using different BSEs on postural balance and stability during quiet upright stance. A total of 20, gender-balanced, healthy participants were included [males = 25.2 (3.8) years, 176.4 (7.4) cm, and 76.6 (8.8) kg; females = 27.5 (2.7) years, 166.5 (5.4) cm, and 61.2 (8.6) kg]. Each completed multiple trials of quiet upright stance at different levels of difficulty (i.e., bipedal and unipedal stance; each with eyes open and closed), while wearing two different BSEs (SuitX™ AC version, Laevo™ V2) and in a control (no-exoskeleton) condition. Respective masses of the SuitX™ and Laevo™ were 4.5 and 2.8 kg, and both devices were designed to provide external torque parallel to that created by the torso extensor muscles via three body contact points (i.e., thighs, pelvis, and chest). Center-of-pressure (COP) time series were measured using a force-plate during each trial, and traditional COP-based postural sway parameters were used as outcome measures: median frequency (MF), mean velocity (MV), root-mean-square distance (RMSD), and sway area. MF, MV, and RMSD values were obtained in both the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions. As MV, RMSD, and SwayAREA were significantly correlated with participant height, these measures were normalized using respective linear regression models to prevent undesired bias. Results from repeated measures analyses of variance indicated that wearing BSEs may adversely affect postural stability during bipedal stance. Compared to the control condition, wearing the Laevo™ increased MFAP by 50% ( p=0.015) with eyes open, and wearing the SuitX™ increased MVAP by 7% ( p=0.029) with eyes closed. However, specific to the unipedal standing with eyes closed, wearing the Laevo™ appeared to positively affect postural stability among males, whereas wearing the SuitX™ appeared to negatively affect postural stability among females. Specifically, males had a 24% decrease in RMSDAP ( p=0.003) and a 31% decrease in SwayAREA ( p=0.012) when wearing Laevo™, while females had a 15% increase in RMSDAP ( p=0.038) when wearing the SuitX™. In conclusion, we found evidence that wearing a BSE can affect postural balance and stability during quiet upright stance. More importantly, such effects appeared dependent on task conditions (i.e., bipedal and unipedal, and with eyes open/closed), and to be BSE-design and gender-dependent. Our findings may suggest complex interactive dynamics between a user and a BSE, potentially due to a change in total center of mass (i.e., body + BSE), restricted motion, and external supportive torques of the BSE. Furthermore, males and females may be differentially affected by such interactive dynamics, depending on the BSE, particularly in more challenging tasks. Future studies need to investigate the specificity of BSE effects on postural control while considering different demographic and individual factors, and also the effects of wearing BSEs on postural stability in dynamic conditions (e.g., walking, negotiating an obstacle, or recovering from an external perturbation).

scholarly journals TEST–RETEST RELIABILITY OF STATIC POSTURAL BALANCE VARIABLES IN NATURAL AND FEET-TOGETHER STANCE CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 2140033
Author(s):  
JUNGHYUK KO ◽  
DO-YOUNG KWON ◽  
SU-UNG CHAE ◽  
YU-RI KWON ◽  
GWANG-MOON EOM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Balance ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Balance Tests ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

It is important to confirm the reliability of postural balance variables because the results of balance tests would be different with different balance test protocols, i.e., stance conditions such as natural and feet-together stances. The aim of this study was to investigate the test–retest reliability of postural balance variables during the natural and feet-together stance conditions. Sixteen young healthy adults were instructed to sustain their center of body mass as stably as possible on the force plate. As balance standing conditions, natural (a comfortable self-selected stance width) and feet-together stances (placing the feet [Formula: see text] apart) were selected. The mean distance, mean velocity, mean frequency, and 95% confidence ellipse area were derived from the center of pressure (COP) time series in the overall, anteroposterior (AP), and mediolateral (ML) directions. To evaluate the test–retest reliability of the postural balance variables, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated in each stance condition. Mean velocity was the most reliable variable particularly in three repeated balances within both the natural and feet together stances ([Formula: see text]–0.921). The reliability of all variables of the three balance test was greater than that of the two balance tests, mainly in the natural stance. In contrast, the mean ML distance of the feet-together stance had poor reliability despite three balance tests ([Formula: see text]). These results suggest that the balance test protocol should consider the appropriate stance conditions as well as the number of balance trials to select the reliable postural balance variables.

The effectiveness of hydrokinesiotherapy on postural balance of hemiplegic patients after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Iatridou ◽  
Henrietta-Syngliti Pelidou ◽  
Dimitrios Varvarousis ◽  
Alexandra Stergiou ◽  
Alexander Beris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Therapy Program

Objective: To summarize evidence on the effects of hydrokinesiotherapy (HT) on postural balance in hemiplegic patients after stroke and compare them with conventional land therapy. Data sources: A literature search until October 2017 was conducted on CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane EBM Reviews, Cochrane Clinical Trials, DARE, MEDLINE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), PsycInfo and Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Source. Review methods: Only randomized controlled trials with pre-intervention and post-intervention assessment on postural control have been included. Assessment of the quality (by Downs and Black quality assessment tool) of the included studies was performed by two reviewers, and a meta-analysis was undertaken. Results: A total of 11 trials on postural control with 305 stroke patients were included. The majority of studies showed a beneficial effect of HT in postural control of the patients. The meta-analysis showed statistically significant improvement ( P < 0.05) in Berg Balance Scale (BBS), mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) sway velocity of center of pressure with eyes closed (EC) in both groups, but the mean differences in BBS (3.85 points), ML sway velocity of center of pressure (1.38 points) and AP sway velocity of center of pressure (1.64 points) were statistically improved ( P < 0.05) in HT over land therapy program. Conclusion: HT is superior to land therapy program regarding postural balance in terms of BBS, ML and AP sway velocity of center of pressure.

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