scholarly journals Does Environmental Stress Affect Economic Growth: Evidence from the Gulf Cooperation Council countries?

Author(s):  
Osama Daifalla D. Sweidan ◽  
Khadiga Elbargathi

Abstract This paper empirically investigates the influence of environmental stress on economic growth in the GCC countries during (1995-2016). We use a panel cointegration analysis and compute an autoregressive distributed lag model. Our paper is motivated by the high CO2 emissions per capita and environmental stress in these countries relative to other countries. We assume that the income per capita is a function of the natural resource’s rents and environmental stress. Our findings show that environmental stress has a positive and significant effect on economic growth, mainly in the long run. Further, the natural resources’ rents have a significant positive effect in the short run, while the long run impact is negative. Our paper’s policy implication states that economic policymakers should monitor and evaluate future environmental stress outcomes in these countries. There is no guarantee that the positive influence prevails. Therefore, they should diversify their economies and energy resources.Jel Classification: Q51, Q56.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Okpeku Lilian ONOSE ◽  
◽  
Osman Nuri ARAS ◽  

The export-led growth hypothesis states a positive relationship between the growth of exports and long-run economic growth. This study examines the validity of the export-led growth hypothesis of services exports in 5 emerging economies, including Brazil, India, Nigeria, China, and South Africa (BINCS), for the period of 1980-2019. The study employs the panel mean group autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) procedure to identify a causal relationship between services exports and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. The findings show that the export-led growth hypothesis in services only has a positive effect on economic growth in the short run while other variables, including foreign direct investment (FDI), gross capital formation, and labour, increase economic growth in the long run. Hence, the emerging countries should focus more on internal investment to boost growth in the long and short run.


2013 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 94-113
Author(s):  
ANH PHẠM THẾ ◽  
ĐÀO NGUYỄN THỊ HỒNG

This study examines the econometric and empirical evidence of both causal and long-run relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth in Vietnam, covering a time span of 21 years from 1991 to 2012. The recent and robust methodology of bounds testing or autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) approach to Cointegration is employed for the empirical analysis. This technique can capture both short-run and long-run dynamics of variables, particularly in small sample size cases. The findings indicate the existence of a Cointegration relationship between the two time series and a modest adjustment process from short-run to long-run equilibrium. Further results from Granger causality tests conducted within the error correction model confirm a bi-directional causality between economic growth and FDI over the study period.


2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adenuga Fabian Adekoya ◽  
Nor Azam Abdul-Razak

This study examines the link between unemployment and violence by controlling for income and security expenditure as an antidote to reduce violence in Nigeria. Violence claims many lives and properties in the country, which further increased the demand for public security as tax on the nation’s resources. Also, the increased unemployment in Nigeria, deserving urgent attention to be reduced, as literature has pointed out, causes idleness, deception, frustration and anger. The idea of criminal motivation and strain as an inducement to violence are supported by evidence. Considering the nature of the variables in this study, we tested for endogeneity by using annual data set from 1980 to 2015 before proceeding to test for the long-run and short-run relationship. The Bound Test used to test the cointegration while the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) approach was used to conduct endogeneity test. ARDL Instrumental Variable is also employed to determine long-run and short-run estimates. The results showed that unemployment causes violence while income as a variable to economic growth reduces violence at the 1% level of significance. Similarly, the deterrence variable of security expenditure adversely affects violence at the 10% level of significance. Therefore, this study suggests policy to promote economic growth as the means of income-employment generation among the youth and the unemployed. Youth programs should be provided especially among the unemployed by granting credit facilities to finance their own projects and further strengthen the deterrence institutions. RESUMEN Este estudio examina el vínculo entre el desempleo y la violencia mediante el control de los ingresos y el gasto de seguridad, como un antídoto para reducir la violencia en Nigeria. La violencia se cobra muchas vidas y propiedades en el país, lo que aumenta aún más la demanda de seguridad pública, traducida como un impuesto a los recursos de la nación. Además, el aumento del desempleo en Nigeria, la cual merece una atención urgente que se reduzca ya que, la literatura señala, provoca ociosidad, engaño, frustración e ira. La idea de la motivación y la tensión delictiva como un incentivo a la violencia está respaldada por la evidencia. Teniendo en cuenta la naturaleza de las variables en este estudio, probamos la endogeneidad mediante el uso de datos anuales de 1980 a 2015, antes de proceder a la prueba de la relación de largo y corto plazo. El Bound Test se usó para probar la cointegración, mientras que el enfoque del Modelo de retardo distribuido autorregresivo (ARDL), se usó para realizar pruebas de endogeneidad. La variable instrumental de ARDL también se emplea para determinar estimaciones a largo y corto plazo. Los resultados mostraron que el desempleo causa violencia; mientras que el ingreso, como variable del crecimiento económico, reduce la violencia, al nivel de significancia del 1%. De manera similar, la variable de disuasión del gasto en seguridad afecta adversamente la violencia, al nivel de significancia del 10%. Por lo tanto, este estudio sugiere una política para promover el crecimiento económico como el medio de generación de empleo-empleo entre los jóvenes y los desempleados. El empoderamiento de la juventud debe proporcionarse especialmente entre los desempleados mediante la concesión de servicios de crédito para financiar proyectos propios y fortalecer aún más las instituciones de disuasión.


Management ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-50
Author(s):  
Bilal Louail ◽  
Mohamed Salah Zouita

Summary This study investigates the relationship between FDI, economic growth and financial development in the Next 11 countries. An analysis of the results was performed accordingly on the panel data gathered from the Next 11 countries from 1985 to 2019— using the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimation method and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model approach (ARDL). The results indicate an impact of both economic growth and financial development on the FDI flows to the study of countries during the period between 1985 and 2019 in the long run, while no such proof is affirmed in the short run. This study’s contribution provides a better understanding of the dynamic relationship between FDI, economic growth, and financial development by providing decision-makers to understand the nature of the dynamic association between the study variables. This study provides empirical evidence about the association between inflows of FDI, economic growth and financial development within the context of the Next-11 countries. The previous literature lacks empirical study on the relationship between variables of study for the Next-11 countries.


2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil Jebran ◽  
Amjad Iqbal ◽  
Zia Ur Rehman Rao ◽  
Arshad Ali

This paper analyzes the effect of terms of trade on economic growth of Pakistan considering annual time series data from 1980 to 2013. This study opted autoregressive distributed lag model for purpose of analyzing short- and long-run relationship. The results reveal significant negative long-run and short-run effects of terms of trade on economic growth. The analyses also indicate significant positive long-run and short-run effects of labour on economic growth. Further, capital stock is influencing positively the economic growth in long run only. We suggest that economic policies may be implemented to deteriorate terms of trade which will further enhance the economic growth of Pakistan. JEL: F13, F43


Author(s):  
Patrick Mugendi Mugo ◽  
Wafula Masai ◽  
Kennedy Osoro

Aims: The paper attempts to examine the effects of primary budget deficits on economic growth. It reviews the nature and direction of causality between primary budget deficit and economic growth. In the recent years, these have been debated both in developed and developing countries. In contributing to this ongoing debate, the study analyzes the case for Kenya from 1980 to 2016. The evidence is intended to provide policy insights for macroeconomic stability and sustained  economic growth for shared prosperity in Kenya. Study Design: The study employs quantitative time-series research design by utilizing Stata econometrics software. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Evidence from Kenya, from 1980 to 2016. Methodology: The study employs unit root tests, Johansen cointegration analysis, a dynamic vector error correction model and a multivariate Toda-Yamamoto Granger-causality representation. Results: The findings establish that the primary budget deficit, gross fixed capital formation, real interest rate, terms of trade, inflation growth and financial innovation have significant effects on GDP per capita growth in Kenya. Primary budget deficit has a strong and significant effect on GDP per capita growth both in short-run and long run. In the short-run, the results revealed that the primary budget deficit had a positive effect on economic growth which turned negative in the long-run. There was a unidirectional causality running from primary budget deficit to economic growth.  Conclusion: The study concludes that both in the short run and long run, primary budget deficit has strong and significant causal effects on economic growth in Kenya. The evidence underscores the need for the authorities to reduce high primary budget deficits, interest payments and domestic borrowings and strictly apply the golden rule of public finances to boost long term inclusive growth, in Kenya. 


2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melike Bildirici

AbstractThis paper aims to test the relation among militarization, CO2emissions, economic growth and energy consumption in G7 countries from 1985 to 2015 via panel methods. Long- and short-run coefficients and the causal relationship between the variables are important for G7 countries' energy policies and strategy. Cointegration among CO2emissions, militarization, energy consumption and economic growth was determined by using panel Johansen and panel autoregressive distributed lag (PARDL) methods. Further, the panel trivariate causality test was applied and unidirectional causalities from militarization to CO2emissions and from energy consumption to CO2emissions were found. The evidence of bidirectional causality between per capita GDP and militarization, between per capita GDP and energy consumption, and between energy consumption and militarization was determined. The paper recommends that environmental and energy policies must recognize the differences in the relation between militarization, energy consumption and economic growth in order to maintain sustainable economic growth in the G7 countries.


Author(s):  
B. Starr McMullen ◽  
Nathan Eckstein

This paper uses econometric techniques to examine the determinants of vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in a panel study using data from a cross section of 87 U.S. urban areas over the period 1982-2009. We use standard OLS regression as well as two-stage least squares techniques to examine the impact of factors such as urban density, lane-miles, per capita income, real fuel cost, transit mileage, and various industry mix variables on per capita VMT. We use a distributed lag model to estimate long-run elasticities and find that the long-run price elasticity of demand for per capita VMT is approximately five times larger than in the short run. Preliminary empirical results show the per capita demand for VMT in urban areas is positively and significantly impacted by lane miles, personal income, and the percent of employment in the construction and public sectors. Fuel price and transit use and the percent of employment in manufacturing, retail, and wholesale sectors are all found to be statistically significant and negatively related to VMT per capita. After correcting for endogeneity, urban population density exerts a negative, but not always statistically significant, impact on per capita VMT. Finally, per capita VMT is found to differ significantly by geographic region, being higher the more western and the larger the population size of an urban area.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ejiro U. Osiobe

The paper aims to establish a long-run and the Granger causal relationship between economic growth,  emissions, international trade, energy consumption, and population density in Malaysia. The study will use annual data from 1970 to 2014. A unique cointegrating relationship between our variables  was identified. The study employed the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag  model to examine the Environmental Kuznets Curve . Our empirical results analysis showed a long-run relationship between per capita  emissions  and our explanatory variables . To investigate the Granger causal relationship between , the Vector Error Correction Model  was employed and our results, associated the absence of Granger causality between  emissions and economic growth  in the short-run while revealing a uni-directional Granger causality movement  from economic growth to  emissions in the long-run. Hence, an increase in  will lead to a rise in  emissions in Malaysia.


Author(s):  
Suhardi M. Anwar ◽  
Junaidi Junaidi ◽  
Salju Salju ◽  
Ready Wicaksono ◽  
Mispiyanti Mispiyanti

Purpose This paper aims to examine the short run and long run of Indonesia Islamic bank (IIB) contribution to economic growth over the periods 2009: Q1 – 2019: Q4. IIB is considered which supported by the largest Muslim population in the world. Deposits, financing and offices are proxy to highlight the relationship between Islamic banks and Indonesia's economic growth. Design/methodology/approach Through cointegration analysis, autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL), vector error correction model (VECM), variance decompositions (VDCs) and impulse response functions (IRFs), this study investigates the Islamic bank and economic growth nexus. Findings A significant relationship in the short-run and long-run between IIB deposits and offices and economic growth. There is evidence of a bidirectional relationship between the Islamic bank and economic growth. Social implications In spite of their market share less than a conventional bank. The result proved than IB a prosperous sector and has a contribution to economic growth. This address regulator must have a dedicated unit to handle IIB legal cases should it go to the court for adjudication. Originality/value The study role of Islamic banking contribution to economic growth in the context of Indonesia is limited. This paper is the first study that examines empirically the effect of Indonesian Islamic banks on economic growth measured by the amount of gross domestic product (GDP), financing, offices and deposits.


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